载噪比与交调指数的简便计算

根据级联放大器台数的不同以及相同或不同类型放大器级联的各种组合方式,分别提出了有线电视系统的载噪比和交调指数的实用工程计算方法。利用查表和简单的计算,可比较容易地求出载噪比和交调指数的数值。     

采用90°分支电桥的C波段预失真线性化器

为了改善功率放大器的三阶交调失真,提出了一种基于90°分支线电桥的C波段预失真线性化器,使用肖特基二极管产生非线性信号。通过改变线性化器的偏置电压及电容,可调整线性化器的增益扩张和相位延迟特性,与功放级联后对功放的三阶交调失真有改善作用。将该线性化器应用到工作频率为7 GHz,饱和功率为20 dBm的放大器上,在输出功率回退5 dBm处对放大器的三阶交调有10 dBc的改善。     

有源滤波器的非线性交调失真

本文用频域交调波平衡法，分析了有源滤波器的非线性交调失真，计算和测量结果一致。     

电缆电视系统的温度影响和设计考虑

本文从温度对同轴电缆的影响入手,讨论了环境温度对电缆电视系统载噪比、交调比、输出电平、级联数的影响及相应的设计对策,并结合具体系统进行了计算和验证。     

电缆电视系统的温度影响和设计考虑

本文从温度对同轴电缆的影响入手，讨论了环境温度对电缆电视系统载噪比、交调比、输出电平，级联数的影响及相应的设计对策，并结合具体系统进行了计算和验证。     

放大器非线性失真与最大输出电平的修正

通常，人们在计算放大器非线性失真参数时，往往忽视了一个实际问题，即对计算结果的修正。比如在计算单个放大器组合交调比时，使用公式CM＝CMo＋２（Sob－So）（１）计算多台相同“干放”级联时的干线组合交调比时使用公式CMn＝CMo＋２（Sob－So）－２０lgn（２）（１）和（２）式中：Sob为放大器标称输出电平；So为放大器实际输出电平；CMo为放大器在标称输出电平和标称频道数时的组合交调比；n为干放级联数。又比如在计算单个放大器组合三次差拍比时，使用公式CTB＝CTBo＋２（Sob－So）（３）计算多台干放级联时的干线组合三…     

基于HBT工艺的低三阶交调失真射频放大器优化设计

针对宽带大信号容量无线系统对低三阶交调失真射频放大器的迫切需求,从放大器偏置点优化和片上散热优化两个方面研究了基于HBT工艺的低三阶交调失真射频放大器优化设计方法。分析了达林顿复合结构射频放大器交调特性与直流偏置点的关系,给出了放大器最佳三阶交调直流偏置点。提出了一种优化散热的输出级分散布局电路结构,减小了片上温升带来的三阶交调性能恶化。应用提出的优化设计理论方法,基于2μm AlGaAs/GaAs HBT工艺,设计了一款工作于0.05～1 GHz的低三阶交调失真射频放大器。测试结果表明,该放大器实现了42.1 dBm的输出三阶交调点,三阶交调与1 dB压缩点之比达到了21.2 dB。     

放大器非线性失真与最大输出电平的修正

通常人们在计算放大器非线性失真参数时 ,往往忽视了一个实际问题 ,就是对计算结果的修正。比如在计算单个放大器组合交调比时 ,使用公式 :ＣＭ =ＣＭｏ+ 2 (Ｓｏｂ-Ｓｏ) (1)计算多台相同“干放”级联的干线组合交调比时使用公式 :ＣＭｎ =ＣＭｏ+ 2 (Ｓｏｂ-Ｓｏ) - 2 0ｌｇｎ (2 )(1)和 (2 )式中 ,Ｓｏｂ为放大器标称输出电平 ;Ｓｏ 为放大器实际输出电平 ;ＣＭｏ 为放大器在标称输出电平和标称频道时的组合交调比 (标称组合交调比 ) ;ｎ为“干放”级联数。又比如在计算单个放大器组合三次差拍比时 ,使用公式 :ＣＴＢ =ＣＴＢｏ+ 2 (Ｓｏ…     

调速传动用四象限级联中压变频器（下）

由于性能优良,H桥级联变频器在中压调速传动中得到最广泛应用。通常这类变频器H桥中的交一直变换都采用二极管整流,使之不能四象限工作。把二极管整流改为PWM整流（AFE）,变频器就可以四象限工作,但需在整流输入端增加电感和电容,控制也复杂。本文建议改用IGBT整流／回馈单元,器件按同步开关模式工作．使变频器成为具有与常规H桥级联变频器同样性能的四象限变频器,且不必像AFE那样增加电感和电容．控制也特别简单。矩阵变换器Mc是一类性能优良的PWM交一交直接变频器。通过三相／单相MC桥的级联可以实现四象限中压变频。文中介绍了安川公司的Mc桥级联中压变频器,并把它和基于整流／回馈单元的H桥级联中压变频器进行比较。     

工艺参数影响的D波段行波管盒型窗分析

由于尺寸较小,D波段行波管盒型窗对各个参数的影响较为敏感,因此使用CST软件对蓝宝石窗片的盒形窗进行优化设计。从各个工艺参数出发,对窗片金属化层的内径和厚度,以及焊料层的厚度和圆波导高度等的影响进行了软件仿真分析,得到了优化后最佳值为10GHz的带宽,即在133GHz144GHz范围内,驻波比低于1．2。最后加入整个慢波结构和衰减瓷的模型中进行计算,得到了驻波比低于1．4的结果,满足整管指标要求。     

用于毫米波段行波管的可调预失真器

提出了满足行波管功率放大器(TWTA)要求的毫米波段的可调预失真线性化器,该预失真器基于90°定向耦合器、GaAs肖特基二极管、微带线和负载电阻,产生预失真信号。通过调节GaAs肖特基二极管的偏置电压、微带线电长度及负载电阻可以得到不同的增益扩展和相位扩张效应,在频率为29 GHz~31 GHz和额定输入功率范围内,增益扩展范围为5 dB~11.5 dB,相位扩张范围为35°~65°。仿真及实测结果表明:该预失真电路可调性强,满足通信工程TWTA的补偿需求。     

E波段81~86 GHz行波管放大器研制

介绍了一种面向高速无线通信应用的E波段连续波行波管放大器(TWTA)。该放大器将E波段折叠波导行波管和小型化高压电源集成为一体,外部仅需低压供电,使用便捷。放大器主要性能指标包括：工作频率81~86 GHz,饱和输出功率>80 W,小信号增益>38 dB,总效率>22%,外形尺寸为38 cm×20 cm×6.3 cm,可满足机载使用环境,具有大功率、宽带、高效率、小型化及高可靠的优点。     

Performance analysis of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) mobile-Satellite system using moment-based approximation of degradation factors

A theoretical solution for the performance of a land-mobile-satellite communication system is presented. Because a closed-form solution is difficult to get and to evaluate, a method of approximation based on moment techniques is proposed to yield a numerical evaluation. The effects of traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) nonlinearity and fading are the main degradation factors in the mobile-satellite channel using a low-earth-orbit satellite. The numerical results for the performance are given as a function of these two factors. A two-parameter model is used for TWTA and the fading channel is modeled as Rician including phase information. Results demonstrate the accuracy of this approximation especially under fading when a satellite is located at the lower elevation angles.     

Decoding with approximate channel statistics for bandlimited nonlinear satellite channels

Expressions for the cutoff rate of memoryless channels and certain channels with memory are derived assuming decoding with approximate channel statistics. For channels with memory, two different decoding techniques are examined: conventional decoders in conjunction with ideal interleaving/deinterleaving, and maximum likelihood decoders that take advantage of the channel memory. As a practical case of interest, the cutoff rate for the band-limited nonlinear satellite channel is evaluated where the modulation is assumed to be M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK). The channel nonlinearity is introduced by a limiter in cascade with a traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) at the satellite repeater while the channel memory is created by channel filters in the transmission path.     

Exploiting low complex digital predistortion to improve wideband nonlinear satellite downlinks

With the increasing demand for higher data rate, increasing throughput requires wider bandwidth. Due to the nonlinear effect of power amplifier, severe nonlinear distortion effects will appear onboard satellite. Digital predistortion (DPD) scheme is usually employed to compensate for the distortions and memory effects introduced by traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) and output multiplexing filter (OMUX). In conventional predistorter, the signal loss of band‐limited feedback signal output through OMUX is usually ignored. Actually, it will affect the linear effect of TWTA. In order to solve the problem as to improve wideband nonlinear satellite downlink, this paper introduces a novel spectral extrapolation method based on deep neural network to recover the band‐limited feedback signal. On this basis, an advanced orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is adopted in the nonlinear TWTA model construction to further reduce the DPD complexity. The proposed setup effectively compensates the distortions and is well suited for systems that generate data bits on satellites.     

大功率宽带G波段行波谐波放大器研究

针对大功率太赫兹功率源的应用需求,设计了一种G波段行波谐波放大器。该放大器件利用行波管非线性过程产生的谐波电流,通过级联谐波段高频系统实现基波信号的谐波放大,获得大功率宽带太赫兹波功率输出。本文利用CST和MTSS软件完成了G波段行波谐波放大器优化设计,并通过三维PIC进行互作用精确仿真分析,研究结果表明,该放大器能够在G波段10 GHz带宽内获得大于2 W的输出功率,为后续实际器件研制奠定了技术基础。     

Maximum likelihood sequence detection in nonlinear satellite channels

A technical study by computer simulation has been performed to assess the potential of maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) in a band-limited nonlinear satellite channel with two nonlinear elements [a high-power amplifier (HPA) and a transponder traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA)] operating in tandem. Starting with a brief background on digital modem development, this paper outlines the basic principle of MLSD and a conceptual structure suitable for satellite channel applications. The bit-error rate has been computed for a realistic nonlinear satellite channel using Forney's approach with the Viterbi algorithm. The upper bound of channel performance improvement in a typical satellite link has been identified.     

Adaptive Predistorters for Linearization of High-Power Amplifiers in OFDM Wireless Communications

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has several desirable attributes which make it a prime candidate for a number of emerging wireless communication standards. However, one of the major problems posed by OFDM is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which seriously limits the power efficiency of the high-power amplifier (HPA) because of the nonlinear distortion resulting from the high PAPR. We provide a new mixed computational/analytical approach for adaptive compensation of this nonlinear distortion for cases in which the HPA is a traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) and solid state power amplifier (SSPA). TWTAs are used in wireless communication systems when high transmission power is required as in the case of the digital satellite channel, and SSPAs are generally used in mobile communication systems. Compared to previous predistorter techniques based on LUT (look-up table) or adaptive schemes, our approach relies on the analytical inversion of Saleh's TWTA model and Rapp's SSPA model in combination with a nonlinear parameter estimation algorithm. This leads to a sparse and yet accurate representation of the predistorter, with the capability of tracking efficiently any rapidly time-varying behavior of the HPA. Computer simulations results illustrate and validate the approach presented.     

TWTA versus SSPA: a comparison of on-orbit reliability data

There has been long-standing debate regarding the comparative reliability of solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) versus traveling wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs) for the satellite downlink. High-voltage, thermionic, life-limited emitters operating in a high vacuum enclosure (i.e., a vacuum electronic device) contribute to the TWTA risks and reliability questions. Conventional wisdom espouses the SSPA as an inherently more reliable, solid-state device requiring only low voltages to amplify, with failure resulting in only graceful degradation. However, many trade studies on comparing SSPAs and TWTAs rely on transistor device life test data on the ground for SSPAs due to the lack of statistically significant data on orbit. It is expected that current, on-orbit statistics in the industry would shed relevant light on the debate.     

Ka波段高精度模拟预失真线性化器

模拟预失真技术是改善行波管放大器非线性失真的一种有效方法,但补偿精度较低的缺点是制约其进一步发展的关键因素。增益相位独立调节技术和补偿曲线形状调节技术是提升模拟预失真补偿精度的重要技术。提出了一种适用于Ka波段行波管放大器的高精度模拟预失真器,该预失真器采用双路矢量合成式结构,在29~31 GHz 范围内,通过调节二极管偏置电压可以同时实现补偿曲线形状调节和增益相位扩张量独立调节,有效提升了补偿精度。与行波管放大器的联合测试结果表明,在30 GHz 时,该预失真器可以将行波管放大器的增益压缩从5.3 dB 减小到1.2 dB,相位偏移从62°减小到6.5°。线性化后的行波管放大器的非线性失真明显降低,在输出功率回退5 dB 时,三阶互调系数提高了9.3 dB。