基于局部仿射配准的鲁棒非刚体配准算法

针对传统点集非刚体配准算法对复杂局部形变数据配准精度低,收敛速度慢等问题,该文提出一种基于局部仿射配准的鲁棒非刚体配准算法。该算法采用分层迭代的方式由粗到精地完成点集的非刚体配准。在每层迭代中,首先对子形状点集集合和子目标点集集合进行分块处理并更新分块后每一类子点集的形状控制点。然后利用控制点引导仿射迭代最近点(ICP)算法求解对应子点集间的局部仿射变换。接着利用上一步求解的局部仿射变换,更新子形状点集集合及其形状控制点集合。直到配准误差收敛时,循环结束并输出更新后的形状点集。实验结果表明,所提算法与传统点集非刚体算法相比具有更强的精确性和收敛性。     

一种新的仿射不变特征及其在平面曲线匹配中的应用

构造了一种新的仿射变换不变特征,提出了一种适合于仿射变换的曲线匹配算法。首先将整个轮廓区域进行仿射区域划分,得到一系列子区域质心点;然后将质心和子区域的质心点按规则构成三角形,计算三角形的面积比序列,并将其规范化,构造新的仿射不变特征。在该不变特征的基础上设计新的识别向量和差异度度量函数,通过计算待识别目标与模型曲线之...     

基于透视不变量的平面曲线的识别

提出一种快速有效的平面曲线的识别方法,在这种方法中,我们从单幅图象中提取表征曲线形状的描述子,该描述子由曲线上透视不变点之间的射影距离不变量构成,且不受物体和摄象机之间的位置、方向以及摄象机物理参数的影响。因此这种识别算法不受透视畸变的限制,本文用一组起初的平面物体进行了识别实验,结果表明这些形状描述 平面 曲线的识别有很好的性能。     

Image registration by "Super-curves"

We solve the 2-D affine image registration problem by curve matching and alignment. Our approach starts with a super-curve, which is formed by superimposing two affine related curves in one coordinate system. We use B-spline fusion technique to find a single B-spline approximation of the super-curve and a registration between the two curves simultaneously. This approach achieves superior accuracy and efficiency in curve matching and alignment. We then address the occlusion problem by finding partial match between the curves segmented using inflections and cusps, which are affine invariant. The combination of edge detection and curve alignment lead to accurate image registration.     

姿态和光照可变条件下的仿射最小线性重构误差人脸识别算法

传统人脸识别算法通常把光照处理和姿态校正作为两个相对独立的处理过程,难以取得全局最优识别性能.针对该问题,本文根据人脸的非刚体特性,将仿射变换和分块思想融入线性重构模型中,提出了一种基于仿射最小线性重构误差(Affine Minimum Linear Reconstruction Error,AMLRE)的人脸识别算法,在处理光照问题的同时能够补偿姿态变化造成的局部区域对齐误差,以获得更好的全局识别性能.在公共数据集上的实验结果表明,本文提出的算法对光照和姿态有很好的鲁棒性,同时与现有的人脸识别算法相比,本文的算法具有更高的识别率.     

一种通用的仿射不变特征区域提取方法

本文利用尺度-空间理论和自相关矩阵的局部形状提出了一种通用的提取仿射不变特征区域的方法.首先,在尺度-空间中对图像的归一化高斯微分求三维局部极大值获得特征点和特征尺度位置,然后在特征点的特征尺度上用自相关矩阵刻画局部的灰度变化,提取的椭圆区域即为仿射不变特征区域.在此通用方法框架下构造了Harris3D、Laplace3D、Hessian3D和Localjet43D四种仿射不变特征区域算法.实验结果表明这四种算法都具有照度、旋转和尺度不变性.用本文设计的一种仿射不变性仿真实验方法验证了算法的仿射不变性.比较四种算法发现除了Harris3D性能稍差外其他三种算法性能接近.     

有向非刚体形变局部不变特征描述符

当前局部不变特征描述符主要针对刚体形变的图像匹配问题,但非刚体形变图像匹配的需求普遍存在且应用日趋广泛.非刚体形变的复杂性会导致同名特征点的局部支撑区域难以保持结构特性的相似性.构造更具针对性的局部不变特征描述符成为解决非刚体形变图像匹配问题的关键.针对如何准确地确定局部特征的主方向并划分局部支撑区域,提出了一种有向非刚体形变局部不变特征描述符及其构建方法.首先根据特征点的二阶矩阵估计其椭圆邻域并指示主方向,然后对局部支撑区域进行同性化处理,以消除各向异性形变的差异,最后把局部支撑区域加权嵌入到三维空间,用热核信号的形变不变性进行特征点局部支撑区域描述.对比实验结果表明,在非刚性形变和光度变化情况下,本文描述符的匹配正确率高于SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)和GIH(Geodesic Intensity Histogram)描述符,且保持了较好的旋转不变性.     

基于差分进化算法和遗传算法的混合优化 算法及其在阵列天线方向图综合中的应用

阵列天线方向图综合作为智能天线的一项重要技术对于复杂系统的优化问题提出了更高的要求.本文结合差分进化的基本思想和遗传算法的基因交叉和变异方法构建了一种新的混合优化方法.该算法使用差分进化算子作为主要优化手段,结合遗传算法优胜劣汰的基本思想以及其中的交叉和变异方法,通过融合两种优化方法各自的优点,可以显著改善多参数、高度非线性问题的优化结果、提高计算效率.计算机仿真结果表明,与现有算法相比,该算法用于天线方向图综合具有收敛速度快、优化能力强、算法可靠等优势.     

Elastic 3-D alignment of rat brain histological images

A three-dimensional wavelet-based algorithm for nonlinear registration of an elastic body model of the brain is developed. Surfaces of external and internal anatomic brain structures are used to guide alignment. The deformation field is represented with a multiresolution wavelet expansion and is modeled by the partial differential equations of linear elasticity. A progressive estimation of the registration parameters and the usage of an adaptive distance map reduce algorithm complexity, thereby providing computational flexibility that allows mapping of large, high resolution datasets. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated on rat brains. The wavelet-based registration method yielded a twofold improvement over affine registration.     

Robust video watermarking based on affine invariant regions in the compressed domain

This paper proposes a novel robust video watermarking scheme based on local affine invariant features in the compressed domain. This scheme is resilient to geometric distortions and quite suitable for DCT-encoded compressed video data because it performs directly in the block DCTs domain. In order to synchronize the watermark, we use local invariant feature points obtained through the Harris-Affine detector which is invariant to affine distortions. To decode the frames from DCT domain to the spatial domain as fast as possible, a fast inter-transformation between block DCTs and sub-block DCTs is employed and down-sampling frames in the spatial domain are obtained by replacing each sub-blocks DCT of 2×2 pixels with half of the corresponding DC coefficient. The above-mentioned strategy can significantly save computational cost in comparison with the conventional method which accomplishes the same task via inverse DCT (IDCT). The watermark detection is performed in spatial domain along with the decoded video playing. So it is not sensitive to the video format conversion. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is transparent and robust to signal-processing attacks, geometric distortions including rotation, scaling, aspect ratio changes, linear geometric transforms, cropping and combinations of several attacks, frame dropping, and frame rate conversion.     

3D non-rigid image registration with inverse consistency constraint on elastodynamics wave equation

In this work, a new inverse consistent non-rigid image registration method is presented. The inter-subject deformations are modeled as elastic waves which tend to propagate over the image domain while recovering the nonlinear discrepancies between the two images. An inverse consistency constraint is introduced into the inertial force that is part of the elastodynamics wave equation which governs the underlying non-rigid deformations. The proposed registration method was analyzed over 3D MR brain scans both quantitatively and qualitatively. Normalized cross-correlation (NCC) was utilized to check the registration accuracy, and it revealed that the performance of proposed registration method with and without inverse consistency constraint is comparable in terms of NCC which increased by \(13\%\) from its initial value. Moreover, Dice coefficient for segmented structures was computed and compared against state-of-the-art symmetric image normalization method, free form deformation and diffeomorphic demons registration methods. The extent to which the proposed registration scheme enforced inverse consistency was analyzed through inverse consistency error. The results showed that the inverse consistency error reduced by \(99\%\) with the proposed inverse consistent registration method as compared to the inverse inconsistent counterpart.     

一种改进的快速鲁棒性特征匹配算法

针对光照变化、噪声、局部遮挡等在图像配准技术中对配准精度有重要影响,提出了一种在多尺度空间下点预测快速鲁棒性不变特征的匹配算法。针对在探测对图像的尺度、旋转,仿射具有不变性的斑状特征极值点过程中计算复杂度较高的问题,提出一种特征点预测方法降低了描述子提取的复杂度,增强了对外部环境光照变化、噪声以及局部遮挡的适应能力;并在KD(KD Tree)树基础上,提出了一种动态平衡KD树(DBKD-Tree)快速搜索匹配算法,有效克服了KD树可能存在的病态划分,采用条件约束最邻近搜索,提升匹配效率,实现特征点高精度匹配。通过对在不同光照条件、噪声环境的仿射变换图像特征匹配测试,在加入20%的高斯噪声后,均能100%地完成重复特征检测,达到亚像素定位精度,误配率降低为零。     

基于中心投影的仿射变换参数估计与实现

仿射变换参数恢复轮廓类算法计算量小但一般无法 处理多部分组成 的目标,而区域类算法计算量大且对噪声敏感。本文利用中心投影将区域和轮廓类算法结合 ,首先由中心 投影将目标转化为闭曲线,保证了仿射变换关系具有不变性,再对所得闭曲线进行参数化, 最后利用参数 化后的闭曲线进行仿射变换参数的恢复。实验表明,所提方法可用于多部分组成的目标的参 数恢复,且有较好的参数恢复效果。     

基于特征的遥感图像自动配准算法

面向光学图像的多时相、多光谱、多传感器图像的自动配准,本文描述一个基于特征的高精度图像配准算法.它以点映射配准技术为基础,处理具有全局仿射几何失真的图像配准问题.首先,通过边缘检测和相应的后处理提取封闭边界;其次,根据边界链码相关和区域不变矩匹配策略建立边界的对应,并对对应重心即匹配点对进行一致性检测获得基元控制点;最后,估计初始变换参数,并通过显著点片的相关匹配来增加控制点个数,迭代修正变换参数以提高配准精度.多种遥感图像数据的配准实验和对比试验证实了的自动算法具有较高的可靠性和配准精度.     

一种基于组合不变矩的新的舰船图像目标识别方法

利用图像的不变矩特征进行目标识别是一种有效的方法.通过比较Hu矩、仿射不变矩和小波不变矩的特点和适用条件,提出了一种运用部分Hu矩、仿射矩和小波矩组合来识别舰船图像目标的方法.仿真实验结果表明,该组合矩对于提高舰船图像目标的识别率是有效的.     

仿射不变子空间特征及其在图像匹配中的应用

提出了一种新的基于子空间的仿射不变图像匹配算法。首先,分析了仿射不变特征空间的非线性几何结构,给出了图像特征的仿射不变子空间表示模型。其次,根据目标特征矩阵由它的正交投影矩阵唯一确定这一特性实现特征的全局一致性匹配。最后,通过计算同一目标在仿射变换下的子空间几何距离度量达到匹配识别的目的。模拟变换匹配实验和真实图像序列实验结果表明:所提出的匹配方法对仿射变化下的图像目标匹配具有很好的适应性和较高的鲁棒性。