一种空间相关MIMO信道下的空时预编码方案

在实际的多输入多输出（MIMO：Muhiple Input Multiple Output）移动通信系统中，信道的空间相关性通常会使得现有的空时编码方案难以获得最佳的误码性能。为了解决该问题，本文提出了一种适用于MIMO空间相关信道的空时预编码方案。该方案在完成对发射信号的空时编码后，针对发射天线的空间相关矩阵设计了合理的预编码矩阵，进而能够在保证分集增益的前提下克服相关信道的不利影响。仿真结果证实，该方案能够在一定程度上有效提高整个系统的误码性能。     

具有线性星座预编码的差分空频码

针对传统差分空频码中常模调制符号限制系统编码增益提高的问题,提出具有线性星座预编码的差分空频码.它增大差分空频码字的最小乘积距离,提高系统编码增益.描述了线性星座预编码器的设计原则和设计方法.介绍了归一化差分调制和差分译码.通过对系统平均成对符号误码性能分析,从理论上给出相对传统差分空频码提高的编码增益.仿真实验结果也说明提出的差分空频码能够获取满分集和较大的编码增益.     

基于准正交空时码的最优线性预编码矩阵设计

为了充分利用信道信息改善应用准正交空时分组码的MIMO系统的性能,该文提出了将预编码矩阵和准正交空时分组码相结合的发射机制。信息在经过准正交空时分组码编码后,要经过线性预编码矩阵进行处理,才可以从发射天线发送。文中的预编码矩阵设计利用了MIMO信道的非零均值矩阵和相关矩阵,并采用成对差错概率作为其最优设计准则。仿真结果表明,相对于未经过预编码矩阵的系统,新系统的误码率性能有明显改善。     

MIMO通信系统中基于线性星座预编码的信道估计方法

在单向两跳多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)中继系统中,提出了一种在源节点上将线性星座预编码(liner constellation precoding,LCP)与时域扩展相结合的线性预编码方式。目的节点接收到的信号是一个满足嵌套PARAFAC模型的四阶张量,利用两次奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)算法将接收到的信号进行分解,实现了在信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)未知时的信号与信道的联合估计。可识别性条件分析及仿真结果表明,该方法可有效估计出信号和单个信道信息,且性能接近迫零(zero forcing,ZF)算法。     

瑞利衰落信道下的网格酉空时调制的研究

酉空时是一种多天线系统信号调制方案,可以在不知道信道状态下进行解调。文中将网格编码与酉空时星座结合运用,性能仿真证明了网格酉空时调制系统非常适合无信道状态信息的无线通信系统,网格编码在一定程度上改进了系统的比特误码率性能。将网格编码下的酉空时调制与未编码的酉空时调制进行对比,结果显示在10^-4的比特误码率下可以得到10～15dB的编码增益。     

基于循环延迟分集的分组预编码和空时频编码技术

该文提出一种把循环延迟分集应用在分组线性预编码的新方案。该方案首先应用循环延迟分集来虚拟一个多径时延扩展的信道,在此基础上应用分组线性预编码以获得频率分集增益。该方案的译码复杂度相对较低,可以针对不同的信道模型有相应的编码方案,至少能获得与空时编码同样的分集增益M(M为发射天线数),且信道估计相对简单,不降低传输码率。该方案结合空时分组码可构造出新的空时频编码方案。仿真结果表明,该方案具有良好的译码性能。     

NGB-W系统中基于星座旋转的BICM的实现与性能分析

下一代无线广播网(Next Generation Broadcast-Wireless,NGB-W)中,利用复平面星座点的星座旋转以及星座点的同相分量与正交分量的交织,提出了一种更为有效的比特交织编码调制(Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation,BICM)技术方案.发送端采用这种比特交织编码调制技术,接收端可以通过引入信号空间分集来提升系统性能.仿真结果表明:由星座旋转带来的系统性能增益随信道的不同、调制阶数的不同以及LDPC编码率的不同而产生差异.     

基于信道状态的MIMO预编码算法

针对多输入多输出（MIMO）的应用需要,研究了一种利用发端信道状态信息（CSIT）进行预编码,增强系统性能的方法。该方法在发送端采用线性预编码器对CSIT进行预编码,合理分配不同天线的发射功率以提高系统性能;分别在低、高信噪比条件下,对进行预编码前后的容量比值差值进行了仿真分析。分析结果表明：进行预编码后,MIMO系统容量明显改善,以上研究结果对MIMO的工程应用有良好的参考意义。     

在空间相关Rice信道下的一种基于非码本的预编码方法在LTE下行系统中的应用

本文所提出的预编码生成方法适合在TD-LTE系统中工作，包括基于信道互易性获取信道状态信息模块，能量分配模块，波束形成模块。该方法充分利用了TDD系统的信道互易性特性，获取下行信道的信道状态信息，并使用基于非码本的预编码方式来增强传输的抗干扰性能，提升小区覆盖范围。与单纯考虑无视距LOS（Line-Of-Sight）分量的衰落信道不同，本文所提出的是在接收端天线之间存在空间相关的下行MIMO系统中，针对拥有LOS分量的莱斯（Rice）信道发射机的预编码设计方案。该方案可以保证非码本预编码算法的快速收敛，且保持较低的计算复杂度。     

MIMO移动通信系统中的预编码技术研究

MIMO技术利用多根天线实现多发多收,能够在不增加传输带宽和发射功率的条件下,成倍地提高系统的数据速率;而预编码技术则可以利用接收端反馈回来的信道状态信息对信号进行预处理以改善信号的传输性能,从而达到消除干扰的目的,使得无线通信系统的可靠性得以提升。因此对MIMO系统预编码技术的研究,是解决如何提升无线通信系统性能的关键问题,具有重大的研究意义。     

Spatial multiplexing in correlated fading via the virtual channel representation

Spatial multiplexing techniques send independent data streams on different transmit antennas to maximally exploit the capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels. Most existing multiplexing techniques are based on an idealized MIMO channel model representing a rich scattering environment. Realistic channels corresponding to scattering clusters exhibit correlated fading and can significantly compromise the performance of such techniques. In this paper, we study the design and performance of spatial multiplexing techniques based on a virtual representation of realistic MIMO fading channels. Since the nonvanishing elements of the virtual channel matrix are uncorrelated, they capture the essential degrees of freedom in the channel and provide a simple characterization of channel statistics. In particular, the pairwise-error probability (PEP) analysis for correlated channels is greatly simplified in the virtual representation. Using the PEP analysis, various precoding schemes are introduced to improve performance in virtual channels. Unitary precoding is proposed to provide robustness to unknown channel statistics. Nonunitary precoding techniques are proposed to exploit channel structure when channel statistics are known at the transmitter. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the attractive performance of the precoding techniques.     

Spatial precoder design for space–time coded MIMO systems: based on fixed parameters of MIMO channels

In realistic channel environments the performance of space–time coded multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems is significantly reduced due to non-ideal antenna placement and non-isotropic scattering. In this paper, by exploiting the spatial dimension of a MIMO channel we introduce the novel idea of linear spatial precoding (or power-loading) based on fixed and known parameters of MIMO channels to ameliorate the effects of non-ideal antenna placement on the performance of coherent (channel is known at the receiver) and non-coherent (channel is un-known at the receiver) space–time codes. Antenna spacing and antenna placement (geometry) are considered as fixed parameters of MIMO channels, which are readily known at the transmitter. With this design, the precoder is fixed for fixed antenna placement and the transmitter does not require any feedback of channel state information (partial or full) from the receiver. We also derive precoding schemes to exploit non-isotropic scattering distribution parameters of the scattering channel to improve the performance of space–time codes applied on MIMO systems. However, these schemes require the receiver to estimate the non-isotropic parameters and feed them back to the transmitter. Closed form solutions for precoding schemes are presented for systems with up to three receive antennas. A generalized method is proposed for more than three receive antennas.     

Optimal precoding for orthogonalized spatial multiplexing in closed-loop MIMO systems

In this paper, we propose a new precoding algorithm for orthogonalized spatial multiplexing (OSM) systems over flat-fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. The OSM scheme was recently introduced for closed-loop MIMO systems which allows single symbol decodable maximum likelihood detection. To further improve the performance of the OSM system, we propose a new precoding method by maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance between constellation points in the effective channel. In order to efficiently identify the parameters of a precoder which maximizes the minimum distance, we introduce a partitioning approach. Through analysis, it is shown that one real value parameter and two bits are required for feedback information for precoding in 16-QAM systems. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm provides 9 dB and 7.5 dB gains at a bit error rate (BER) of 10^-4 over the conventional OSM systems for 4-QAM and 16-QAM, respectively. We also confirm that the performance of the proposed scheme is the same as that of the optimum closed-loop MIMO systems in terms of the minimum distance. Consequently, our precoding algorithm significantly improves the system performance with a small increase of feedback amount.     

一种多输入多输出系统中有限反馈预编码的自适应跟踪测度

该文提出一种新的适用于无线相关信道中有限反馈预编码多输入多输出系统的预编码矩阵自适应跟踪测度。由于该测度在统计意义下对信道的相关性与预编码矩阵变化的关系具有更优化的描述,所以基于该测度的方案在保持较低反馈信息量的前提下,能够进一步改善预编码系统性能。文中给出优化自适应跟踪测度的理论推导。系统仿真分别针对无线信道的频域相关和时域相关,并结合空间分集和空间复用两类系统结构予以讨论,并验证了理论分析结果。另外,由于该测度方案算法复杂度更低,所以更具工程实用价值。     

相关瑞利信道下的分集与复用折衷

多天线可以用来增加通信系统的分集增益或者复用增益，二者之间存在着基本的折衷关系。相关瑞利信道的折衷性能差于i．i．d瑞利衰落信道，并且相关矩阵降秩时，折衷性能进一步下降。本文给出了相关瑞利信道下分集增益和复用增益的最优折衷关系。     

Achievable Performance of Orthogonal STBC Over Spatially Correlated Rician Channels

The effect of spatial correlation on the performance of orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) over multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) Rician fading channels is studied. Asymptotic error-rate formulas for OSTBC with high average signal-to-noise ratios (ASNRs) over arbitrarily correlated Rician MIMO channels are derived in terms of the diversity and coding gains. Our results show that, in correlated fading, the phase vector phi of the channel line-of-sight (LOS) components affects the effective Rice K-factor at the OSTBC receiver output and, hence, may result in a coding gain that is significantly higher than that for independent Rician MIMO channels. Furthermore, when the channel covariance matrix is rank deficient and under some additional mild conditions, the error and outage probabilities of OSTBC achieve those in a nonfading additive-white-Gaussian-noise channel. For both cases of full-rank and rank-deficient channel covariance matrices, analytical expressions of optimal and worst case phase vectors phi, and exact upper and lower bounds of OSTBC performance are derived. These results provide new insights into the achievable performance of OSTBC over correlated Rician MIMO channels and, if incorporated into future multiple antenna systems design, will bring about significant performance enhancement     

基于V-BLAST的数字—模拟域混合预编码技术在多用户大规模MIMO中的应用

在大规模MIMO 系统中,全复杂度单一基带预编码（如全复杂度破零预编码FC-ZF）需要与天线阵元数目相同的射频链路,进而以高复杂度的硬件实施为代价,混合预编码（HP）技术可以大大降低射频链路数,且性能上接近全复杂度单一基带预编码技术,因此HP技术具有较高的研究价值。提出的自适应数字—模拟域混合预编码（自适应混合预编码/AHP）技术较传统数字—模拟域混合预编码（传统混合预编码）技术可以进一步有效地降低硬件的复杂度,并将其与V-BLAST技术相结合,可以同时获得阵列增益和复用增益。仿真结果表明,提出的方案具有较高的频谱效率、较低的硬件复杂度及比较理想的误码率性能。     

Space-time diversity systems based on linear constellation precoding

We present a unified approach to designing space-time (ST) block codes using linear constellation precoding (LCP). Our designs are based either on parameterizations of unitary matrices, or on algebraic number-theoretic constructions. With an arbitrary number of N/sub t/ transmit- and N/sub r/ receive-antennas, ST-LCP achieves rate 1 symbol/s/Hz and enjoys diversity gain as high as N/sub t/N/sub r/ over (possibly correlated) quasi-static and fast fading channels. As figures of merit, we use diversity and coding gains, as well as mutual information of the underlying multiple-input-multiple-output system. We show that over quadrature-amplitude modulation and pulse-amplitude modulation, our LCP achieves the upper bound on the coding gain of all linear precoders for certain values of N/sub t/ and comes close to this upper bound for other values of N/sub t/, in both correlated and independent fading channels. Compared with existing ST block codes adhering to an orthogonal design (ST-OD), ST-LCP offers not only better performance, but also higher mutual information for N/sub t/>2. For decoding ST-LCP, we adopt the near-optimum sphere-decoding algorithm, as well as reduced-complexity suboptimum alternatives. Although ST-OD codes afford simpler decoding, the tradeoff between performance and rate versus complexity favors the ST-LCP codes when N/sub t/, N/sub r/, or the spectral efficiency of the system increase. Simulations corroborate our theoretical findings.     

MIMO系统中基于ZF/MMSE检测的 自适应功率分配方案

 本文研究了MIMO系统中的功率分配技术.针对基于ZF/MMSE检测的MIMO系统,提出了一种简单的自适应功率分配方案.该方案在不使用预编码技术对MIMO信道进行对角化的前提下,遵循最小化系统BER的准则,为发送数据流分配发射功率.与采用SVD预编码的功率分配方案相比,本文提出的方法减少了系统需要的反馈信息量.仿真表明该方法能够有效地提高系统的BER性能,而且基于MMSE检测的系统性能接近于采用SVD预编码的功率分配性能.     

基于SLNR准则的MU-MIMO下行链路的预编码与用户调度

在多用户MIMO（MU-MIMO）系统的下行链路中,为了降低用户端的处理复杂度,发射端预编码的设计对多用户MIMO系统的性能非常重要,基于信漏噪比（SLNR）准则的预编码技术由于同时考虑了共信道干扰（CCI）和噪声,提高了系统的性能,但基站同时服务的用户有限,基于信漏噪比最大的用户调度能够合理地选择用户,提高了多用户分级增益,使系统获得更高的系统容量和系统性能。仿真结果表明,基于SLNR准则的多用户预编码在系统容量和误码率方面要优于单一考虑CCI的迫零预编码（ZF）和单一考虑噪声的最大化每个用户接收到信号的信噪比预编码（MRT）。在采用SLNR预编码的条件下,信漏噪比最大的用户调度系统性比轮询调度和最大信道增益调度好,并且随着待选用户数的增多,不会给系统的调度策略带来很大的影响。