带限QMBOC信号的加权匹配接收技术

随着全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)的逐渐完善,新体制信号也得到了一定的发展。为了打破国外专利技术对我国的封锁,科研人员提出了正交复用二进制偏移载波(QMBOC)这种调制方式。在高阶BOC情况下以及带宽受限时,QMBOC存在信号分量能量损失的现象,并在相关峰平台处产生非单调性和较大的不对称性,容易造成跟踪环路的失锁。通过对QMBOC带限信号的研究,同时分析了能量损失的原因,并提出了利用带限信号功率加权匹配的方法重新生成本地码。仿真结果表明,利用该方法可以获得更大的相关输出,并改善了平台处的不对称性和单调性,为未来导航接收机的QMBOC信号解调算法设计提供了参考。     

一种AltBOC信号无模糊捕获方法

交替二进制偏移载波调制(Alternate Binary Offset Carrier,Alt BOC)信号是从二进制偏移载波调制(Binary Offset Carrier,BOC)衍生来的一种调制信号,应用于Galileo和北斗卫星全球导航定位系统中。但由于Alt BOC调制信号自相关函数有多个副峰,易引起捕获模糊。在环路中增加远超前支路,并与即时相关器输出相相加,可以获得无副峰捕获观测量。分析了该方法的捕获性能,结果表明该方法能消除模糊问题,硬件实现上相对简单,捕获性能较好。     

“北斗”B2频段导航信号伪码跟踪性能分析

与传统卫星导航信号体制不同,新一代“北斗”B2频段导航信号采用了交替二进制偏移载波调制（AltBOC）体制,因此伪码跟踪性能也与传统信号体制有较大差异。首先介绍了AltBOC调制信号原理及特点,然后根据码跟踪精度理论比较了新型调制信号与传统信号体制的性能差异,分析了不同鉴相器时B2频段信号的码跟踪误差,并对不同相关器间隔、环路带宽、前端带宽、载噪比环境条件下的伪码跟踪误差进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,提高信号载噪比、射频前端带宽或减小相关器间隔、环路带宽均能减小码跟踪误差。研究结果对新一代“北斗”导航信号新体制性能的评估以及“北斗”导航接收机的系统设计具有一定指导意义。     

基于函数逼近方法的BOC信号跟踪策略研究

通过分析二进制偏移调制的裂谱性能与其自相关的伪峰特性,根据二进制偏移调制(BOC)信号跟踪同步中存在的模糊问题.提出一种利用变间隔的自互相关值来消除伪峰的方法.该方法考虑了通道数量、性能损失以及鉴相区间线性程度等多个参数,求出方差最小意义下的较优码鉴相函数,以便完成无模糊跟踪.在相同相关器数目的条件下,所提出的方法能得到更加线性的鉴相区间、较少的鉴相性能损失,无模糊的环路跟踪性能.     

余弦相位BOC信号互相关延迟无模糊跟踪方法

二进制偏移载波调制信号（Binary Offset Carrier,BOC）是具有高精度和抗多径潜质的导航信号,然而余弦相位BOC(Cosine-phased BOC,CosBOC) 信号的自相关函数（Auto-correlation Function,ACF）的复杂多峰易引起跟踪模糊且难以消除。根据CosBOC信号形状码向量设计出本地辅助信号,与接收到信号相关运算形成子互相关函数,再进行延迟移位、线性组合和非线性处理获得无模糊相关函数,从而消除副峰并实现无模糊跟踪。针对CosBOC(10,5)的仿真结果表明,当载噪比大于27 dB-Hz时,该方法的码跟踪精度优于类二进制相位键控（Binary Phase Shift Keying Like,BPSK Like）法和伪相关函数（Pseudo-correlation Function,PCF）法,且该方法的多径误差包络面积小于BPSK Like方法和PCF方法。     

调制方式及扩频码对码跟踪精度的影响

针对近年来导航信号中出现的新的调制方式及扩频码结构,分析了影响码跟踪精度的因素和调制方式及扩频码对码跟踪的影响。基于Matlab仿真,比较了二进制相移键控(BPSK)、二进制偏移载波(BOC)、复合二进制偏移载波(MBOC)和二进制编码符号(BCS)调制方式及不同扩频码结构对码跟踪精度的影响。     

S频段GNSS信号兼容性及性能分析

随着全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）的建设和发展,L频段的信号越来越拥挤．扩展新的频率资源迫在眉睫。S频段（2483．5-2500MHz）与其他频段相比,更易于实现移动通信和导航定位服务的融合．S频段和L频段的复用能够提高接收机的电离层校正能力。从而提高卫星导航系统的定位授时能力：S频段和L频段的联合定位更加有益于整周模糊度的求解．可以提高精密单点定位的鲁棒性和精度。最小频移键控（MSK）调制方式具有包络恒定、相位连续、功率谱旁瓣衰减快等特点,并且实现简单．易与二进制偏移载波（BOC）调制方式相结合,非常适用于带宽窄且兼容性要求高的S频段。本文评估了北斗二号在S频段采用MSK-BOC调制信号时与S频段中的北斗一号、Globalstar系统之间的干扰．分析了其码跟踪误差和多径误差包络,论证了其在兼容性和跟踪精度方面的优越性．研究结果对我国北斗二号S频段信号体制设计和工程实现具有定的参考价值。     

电离层色散效应对宽带BOC信号的影响

电离层色散特性导致宽带二进制偏移载波(Binary Offset Carrier,BOC)信号的码片时域波形和相关函数曲线产生畸变,影响BOC信号完好性和跟踪性能。为了评估电离层对BOC信号传输的影响,构建了宽带BOC信号的电离层影响分析框架,分析了电离层色散效应对码片时域波形和相关特性的影响,并评估了三类典型BOC信号的带内电离层色散效应在码跟踪环路和载波跟踪环路引入的偏差。研究结果表明,电离层色散效应会导致宽带BOC信号时域码片实部和虚部边缘产生抖动现象,色散信号与标准信号间的互相关函数会产生明显的相关损耗;在电离层活跃期间,电离层色散效应在码跟踪与载波相位跟踪中均引入明显的鉴别误差。该结果对BOC信号的电离层误差的评估与校正有一定的参考意义。     

对GPS M码信号的噪声调频干扰参数优化研究

GPS M码信号采用二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制,实现了频谱分离,带宽更大,原有针对C/A码、P码的干扰参数设置无法对其进行有效干扰。文中采用可形成较大带宽的噪声调频干扰样式,结合GPS软件接收机码跟踪环路工作原理,以接收机码跟踪误差为干扰评价指标,对特定干信比下的干扰频偏和干扰带宽进行参数优化,通过综合比较得出针对M码信号的噪声调频干扰高效干扰参数设置。     

基于ASPeCT的BOC调制信号捕获与跟踪研究

针对BOC调制信号传统捕获算法的模糊问题,在对直接捕获法、BPSK-Like法以及ASPeCT法分析的基础上,确定了ASPeCT法作为信号接收机捕获模块的设计方案。然后设计了基于BOC调制信号的跟踪环路,在对载波环和码环分析的基础上,确定了锁频环辅助锁相环作为环路中载波环的设计方案,以及修正后的EMLP鉴相器为环路中码环的设计方案。最后,对基于ASPeCT法捕获及基于锁频环辅助锁相环、ASPeCT修正码环的信号跟踪进行了实验仿真,验证了捕获模块和跟踪环路方案的有效性。     

Strobe double phase estimator: a multipath mitigating technique for BOC signal in GNSS based on double phase estimator

Double phase estimator (DPE) is an unambiguous binary offset carrier (BOC) tracking algorithm for band‐limited receivers in Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Based on the strobe pulse method, the DPE was modified by introducing a strobe waveform in the prompt signal correlation process of the subcarrier phase lock loop in this paper.. This strobe DPE (SDPE) employs no additional correlators. Two different reference strobe waveforms and their receiving structures are provided. The performance of the SDPE is characterized according to the subcarrier multipath error envelope (SMEE) and the tracking jitter. Simulation results show that, relative to conventional DPE, the first waveform employed in this study provides a reduction in the SMEE area of 81.1% and 75.1% for BOC(1,1) and BOC(14,2) signal, respectively. The second waveform employed in this study provides a reduction in the SMEE area of 82.5% and 76.8% for BOC(1,1) and BOC(14,2) signal, respectively. They also both outperform the double estimator about 64.4% and 53.2% for BOC(1,1) and BOC(14,2) signal in the SMEE area. However, the SDPE experiences a loss of ?6 and ?7.25 dB, respectively, for two reference waveforms in terms of the post‐coherent signal‐to‐noise ratio, which impacts its tracking precision. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

同阶二元偏移载波调制信号跟踪技术

针对同阶二元偏移载波调制卫星导航信号,提出一种高效新算法解决信号跟踪中的模糊性。分析了同阶二元偏移载波调制原理、信号跟踪模糊性及解决方法,利用本地扩频码与接收信号的相关函数特点,构建了码跟踪环路鉴相曲线,选择了合适的相关间距作为符号判决,联合构成鉴相器,推导了算法设计的正确性,给出了实现架构。仿真结果表明,码相位捕获误差±0.9个码片内均可正确跟踪。该方法可进一步应用于全球卫星导航系统新体制信号的接收处理。     

BOC(10,5)信号的调制与解调

讨论了卫星导航中BOC调制解调的原理和实现方法，并着重研究了接收机的码跟踪技术。首先阐述了BOC信号体制出现的国际背景及信号特点，并介绍了BOC（10，5）信号形式和频谱特性，然后简要介绍了信号调制的方法，最后重点讨论信号解调方法。针对BOC信号多峰结构的自相关特性，分别研究并比较了两种解调方案，最后综合两者特点提出了组合式解调恢复方法。     

Code phase discrimination function shaping method for Compass B1C QMBOC (6,1,4/33) signal

The discrimination function shaping method has been proposed to improve the anti‐multipath performance for a global navigation satellite system receiver. However, the existing methods fail to fully exploit the potential anti‐multipath performance of multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC)–modulated signals. In this paper, a code phase discrimination function shaping method is proposed for a Compass B1C quadrature MBOC‐modulated signal. The in‐phase binary offset carrier (BOC) (1,1) signal and quadrature‐phase BOC (6,1) signal replicas are designed according to the least squares estimation. Then a shifted cross‐correlation function (CCF) between the in‐phase BOC (1,1) signal and its pseudorandom noise code is multiplied with the obtained CCFs to ensure an unambiguous tracking. Finally, a discrimination function with a small pull‐in range can be obtained by a weighed combination of the in‐phase and quadrature‐phase CCFs. A computer simulation is conducted to assess the performances under multipath and thermal noise conditions.     

Application of generalized binary offset carrier modulation in BeiDou satellite navigation system

As quickly growing of global navigation satellite system community, there is increasing interest in new signals for military and civilian uses. New signals must provide more robustness, higher performance, and greater capacity than already-existing signals and compliant with the radio frequency compatibility rule with existing and planned signals. This paper presents a class of particularly attractive modulations called Generalized Binary Offset Carrier (GBOC) modulations, and demonstrates their essential characteristics and performance in the signal design of BeiDou system. The GBOC modulations can offer additional degrees of freedom for shaping the signal’s spectrum and provide superior performance in code tracking, multipath and compatibility than other BPSK and BOC modulations. The results show that the proposed modulation can provide potential opportunities for BeiDou satellite navigation system modernization and construction.     

北斗B1C信号及导航电文的特点分析与比较

我国北斗全球卫星导航系统工程建设已经启动,北斗互操作信号B1C的接口控制文件已经发布。本文重点对北斗B1C信号及导航电文进行介绍,并对其信号及导航电文的设计特点进行分析,同时与GPS L1C和Galileo E1OS互操作信号进行比较。分析显示,北斗B1C的信号和导航电文编排,在充分借鉴GPS L1C和Galileo E1OS信号特点的基础上,进行了优化设计。B1C信号具有与L1C信号和E1OS信号相同的中心频点和频谱结构,采用了数据导频支路、MBOC调制、分层码结构等设计方案,导航电文与GPS L1C也较为相近,实现与GPS L1C、Galileo E1OS信号的互操作。同时B1C也具有自身独有特点,如B1C导频支路采用QMBOC(6,1,4/33)调制方式、导航电文采用64进制LDPC编码,在实现互操作的基础上,也创新了自身特色。相对于北斗B1I信号,北斗B1C信号具有更好的弱信号跟踪、更短的首次定位时间等服务性能。     

Weighted Discriminator Function Based Unambiguous Tracking Method for Dual-Frequency Constant Envelope Modulated Signals

The dual-frequency constant envelope modulated (DCEM) signals, represented by alternative binary offset carrier signal, have obvious advantages in code tracking accuracy and anti-multipath performance compared with traditional binary phase shift keying signal, and are attracting more and more attention in the field of global navigation satellite system signal design. However, DCEM signal has a multiple-peaked auto-correlation function, which would lead to the tracking ambiguity problem. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes an unambiguous tracking method based on weighted discriminator function (WDF). This method uses the discriminator functions of noncoherent early minus late power (NELP) and sub carrier phase cancellation (SCPC) to generate a linear WDF without no false-lock points. In addition, a simplified version of the proposed WDF method is also provided for interoperable application. The theoretical code tracking error in thermal noise is derived out and verified. The performance of the proposed WDF is evaluated and compared with SCPC and pseudo correlation function methods with the help of simulation. Results show that our method has a significant improvement in code tracking accuracy. Not only the ambiguity threat is efficiently removed, but also the outstanding performance of DCEM signal is maintained.     

一种复合伪随机码跟踪环路设计及误差分析

该文针对当存在较大的载波相位跟踪误差时可能导致传统的复合码相干型跟踪环路失效的问题提出一种复合码非相干型跟踪环路。通过给出基于二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制的复合码的构造和相关特性分析,设计了具有非相干型鉴别器的跟踪环路,并分析了环路的跟踪误差。分析和仿真结果表明该环路解决了在存在较大载波相位误差时跟踪环路失效的问题,且具有良好的跟踪性能。     

BOC(1,1)信号处理方法研究和码跟踪精度分析

本文介绍了BOC（1,1）信号的调制原理、信号的频谱特性和自相关函数特性,分析了BOC（1,1）信号自相关结果的多峰值特性和由此特性造成的跟踪和锁定难度的增加。介绍了基于高精度测距技术的码跟踪环路的设计方案。实验表明,该环路设计可以可靠地跟踪BOC（1,1）信号并提供较高的测距精度。     

Unambiguous and precise correlation receiver for binary offset carrier modulated signal

The binary offset carrier (BOC) modulated signal can improve the positioning accuracy and increase the multipath resistance in global navigation satellite system (GNSS), and it may cause potential ambiguity in the process of signal acquisition and code tracking. In this paper, a simple but efficient unambiguous receiver is firstly proposed for multiple side‐peaks mitigation by implementing correlation of the received BOC signal with local sine wave instead of square wave used at the transmitter. Moreover, the potential degradation of sharpness of the nonlinear correlation induced by the sine wave is well compensated by optimizing the early‐to‐late spacing. The other reason leading to ambiguity is the multipath propagation, so we further propose a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator with Newton iteration method, where the received GNSS signal is modeled via the line‐of‐sight (LOS) component and the first‐arrived non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) component. Finally, the analytical expression of multipath propagation Cramer‐Rao bound is derived for the designed ML estimator. Simulation results indicate that compared with the conventional BOC modulation, the proposed sine wave receiver can achieve unambiguous and more precise code tracking performance and thus turns out to be more robust to multipath propagation.