Does Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Relay Improve OFDM/OFDMA Ergodic Capacity？

The ergodic information rate for Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing / Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access with amplify-and-forward （AF） relaying systems in the presence of frequency offsets is evaluated. Unlike previous work, per-subcarrier adaptive power allocation is performed on each relay to optimize the system ergodic information rate. For a given frequency offset and total number of relays M, the AF ergodic information rate is proven to be a monotonically increasing function of α （the ratio of the power allocated to the source node and the total transmit power）, implying that the maximum ergodic information rate can be obtained at α=1 （i.e., there is no cooperative relay）. Furthermore, the proof of ＂cooperative relays cannot improve the AF ergodic information rate in a quasi-static wireless channel＂ is also provided in this letter.     

Dynamic subcarrier and power allocation based on cooperative game theory in symmetric cooperative OFDMA networks

In order to improve the efficiency and fairness of radio resource utilization,a scheme of dynamic cooperative subcarrier and power allocation based on Nash bargaining solution(NBS-DCSPA) is proposed in the uplink of a three-node symmetric cooperative orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA) system.In the proposed NBS-DCSPA scheme,resource allocation problem is formulated as a two-person subcarrier and power allocation bargaining game(SPABG) to maximize the system utility,under the constraints of each user’s maximal power and minimal rate,while considering the fairness between the two users.Firstly,the equivalent direct channel gain of the relay link is introduced to decide the transmission mode of each subcarrier.Then,all subcarriers can be dynamically allocated to the two users in terms of their selected transmission mode.After that,the adaptive power allocation scheme combined with dynamic subcarrier allocation is optimized according to NBS.Finally,computer simulation is conducted to show the efficiency and fairness performance of the proposed NBS-DCSPA scheme.     

Cooperative Privacy Provisioning for Energy Harvesting Based Cognitive Multi-Relay Networks

In order to provide privacy provisioning for the secondary information,we propose an energy harvesting based secure transmission scheme for the cognitive multi-relay networks.In the proposed scheme,two secondary relays harvest energy to power the secondary transmitter and assist the secondary secure transmission without interfere the secondary transmission.Specifically,the proposed secure transmission policy is implemented into two phases.In the first phase,the secondary transmitter transmits the secrecy information and jamming signal through the power split method.After harvesting energy from a fraction of received radio-frequency signals,one secondary relay adopts the amplify-and-forward relay protocol to assist the secondary secure transmission and the other secondary relay just forwards the new designed jamming signal to protect the secondary privacy information and degrade the jamming interference at the secondary receiver.For the proposed scheme,we first analyze the average secrecy rate,the secondary secrecy outage probability,and the ergodic secrecy rate,and derive their closed-form expressions.Following the above results,we optimally allocate the transmission power such that the secrecy rate is maximized under the secrecy outage probability constraint.For the optimization problem,an AI based simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to allocate the transmit power.Numerical results are presented to validate the performance analytical results and show the performance superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of the average secrecy rate.     

Performance analysis of opportunistic amplify-and-forward two-way relaying in two-wave with diffuse power fading channels

This paper considers cooperative amplify-and-forwards(AF) two-way relay networks(TWRNs) with opportunistic relay selection(ORS) in two-wave with diffuse power(TWDP) fading channels. To investigate the system performance, we first derive an easy-to-computer approximated expression for the exact outage probability to reduce computational cost. Furthermore, we presented compact expressions for the asymptotic outage probability and asymptotic symbol error rate, which characterizes two factors governing the network performance at high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) in terms of diversity order and coding gain. Additionally, based on the asymptotic outage probability, we determine the optimal power allocation solution between the relay and the sources to minimize the overall outage probability under the assumption that both the sources have identical transmit power. The correctness of the analysis is validated through Monte Carlo simulations. Our derived results can be applied to general operating scenarios with distinct TWDP fading parameters which encompass Rayleigh and Rician fading as special cases and arbitrary number of relays.     

Resource Allo cation in High Energy-E? cient Co op erative Sp ectrum Sharing Communication Networks

High energy-e?cient wireless communica-tion has become hot due to global low-carbon economy. The systems total transmitting power can be saved by resource allocation in cooperative spectrum sharing net-works. In cooperative spectrum sharing, the secondary user relays the primary users tra?c, as a return, the sec-ondary user is admitted to access the licensed spectrum for its own data transmission. An optimal power and time al-location are presented to minimize the overall energy con-sum ption with the users service quality guaranteed in co-operative spectrum sharing. We formulated it as a convex problem and achieve its optimal power and time allocation in closed form. We analyze the performance of two different transmission protocols for the single relay channel.     

Power allocation of cooperative amplify-and-forward communications with multiple relays

Cooperative diversity is one of the most effective ways to mitigate the fading effect of wireless channels and obtain the spatial gain in wireless networks.In this paper,an optimal power allocation(OPA)scheme for a cooperative communication system using the amplify-and-forward(AF)transmit strategy with multiple relay users is proposed by minimizing the bit-error-rate(BER)at the destination under the constraint of the total transmit power of both the source user and the relay users.Simulation results indicate that the proposed power allocation method can achieve significant BER performance improvement than using the equal power allocation(EPA)scheme,while still attains low complexity.The system performance is improved significantly with the increasing of the number of relay users at high signal-noise ratio(SNR).However,at low SNR,the system performance decreases when the relay number increases.Thus,an adaptive relay selection scheme may be used to choose the appropriate relay numbers in different transmission scenarios to provide system performance improvement and keep the power allocation scheme with low complexity.     

Joint power allocation and multi-relay selection scheme based on system outage probability

An amplify-and-forward （AF） based multi-relay network is studied. In order to minimize the system outage probability with a required transmission rate, a joint power allocation （PA） and multi-relay selection scheme is proposed under both total and individual power constraints （TIPC）. In the proposed scheme, the idea of ordering is adopted to avoid exhaustive search without losing much system performance. Besides the channel quantity, the ordering algorithm proposed in this article also takes relays＇ maximal output ability into consideration, which is usually ignored in traditional relay ordering algorithms. In addition, simple power reallocation method is provided to avoid repetitive PA operation during the process of searching all possible relay subsets. By Adopting the idea of ordering and using the proposed power reallocation method lead to remarkable decrease of the computation complexity, making the scheme easier and more feasible to implement in practical communication scenarios. Simulations show that the proposed multi-relay selection scheme provides similar performance compared to the optimal scheme with optimal PA and exhaustive search （OPAES） but with much lower complexity.     

Greedy Algorithm Applied to Relay Selection for Cooperative Communication Systems in Amplify-and-Forward Mode

Using a relaying system to provide spatial diversity and improve the system performance is a tendency in the wireless cooperative communications. Amplify-and-forward(AF) mode with a low complexity is easy to be implemented. Under the consideration of cooperative communication systems, the scenario includes one information source, M relay stations and N destinations. This work proposes a relay selection algorithm in the Raleigh fading channel. Based on the exhaustive search method, easily to realize, the optimal selection scheme can be found with a highly complicated calculation. In order to reduce the computational complexity, an approximate optimal solution with a greedy algorithm applied for the relay station selection is proposed. With different situations of the communication systems, the performance evaluation obtained by both the proposed algorithm and the exhaustive search algorithm are given for comparison. It shows the proposed algorithm could provide a solution approach to the optimal one.     

Energy efficiency based multi-relay selection and power allocation in OFDM cooperation networks

Getting along with the improvement of green communications, the energy efficiency （EE） of wireless network becomes more and more important. However, in nmlti-relay-assisted systems, the related work obviously depends on the end-to-end performance, whereas EE of relays has not attracted enough attention. The authors propose an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） multi-relay system based on amplify and forward （AF） mode. Taking incorporating EE and remaining energy as factor, decision criteria of attending cooperation is designed. The EE based asynchronous power iteration method is presented, and the existence and convergence of nash equilibrium （NE） is proven. Furthermore, a joint algorithm in subcarrier pairing, relay selection and power allocation is given. Genetic algorithm （GA） and iteration method are integrated to improve the convergence speed additionally. Simulation demonstrates the obvious improvement of EE, decrease of power consumption and increase of lifetime in relays of this algorithm with the constraint of minimum data transmission rate.     

Secrecy Energy Efficiency Maximization for UAV-Enabled Multi-Hop Mobile Relay System

To deal with the secrecy issues and energy efficiency issues in the unmanned aerial vehicles ( UAVs) assisted communication systems, an UAV-enabled multi-hop mobile relay system is studied in an urban environment. Multiple rotary-wing UAVs with energy budget considerations are employed as relays to forward confidential information between two ground nodes in the presence of multiple passive eavesdroppers. The system secrecy energy efficiency ( SEE), defined by the ratio of minimum achievable secrecy rate ( SR) to total propulsion energy consumption (PEC), is maximized via jointly optimizing the trajectory and transmit power of each UAV relay. To solve the formulated non-convex fractional optimization problem subject to mobility, transmit power and information-causality constraints, an effective iterative algorithm is proposed by applying the updated-rate-assisted block coordinate decent method, successive convex approximation (SCA) technique and Dinkelbach method. Simulation     

Analog antenna combining in transmit correlated channels: Transceiver design and performance evaluation

In this paper we study space-time coding schemes for a novel OFDM-based MIMO system which performs adaptive signal combining in radio-frequency (RF). Assuming perfect channel knowledge at the receiver and statistical channel state information at the transmitter, we consider the problem of selecting the transmit and receive RF weights (beamformers), as well as the time and frequency linear precoders, under the assumption of Rayleigh channels. The transmission scheme is based on orthogonal beam division multiplexing (OBDM) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receive beamforming, i.e., the data is transmitted by means of several transmit beamformers matched to the spatial correlation matrix, whereas the receive beamformers are selected to minimize the MSE of the linear MMSE receiver. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by means of Monte Carlo simulations.     

REDUCING THE PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO OF OFDM SYSTEM WITH LOW COMPLEXITY

This paper proposes a companding scheme, where small signals are enlarged and large signals are reduced, to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio（PAPR）. Computer simulation results show that the proposed technique has two advantages at least when compared with the conventional methods such as partial transmit sequence, selective mapping and the previous companding. First, it gets better PAPR performances with a lower complexity. Second, the scheme achieves greater performances gain with hardly any damnification of OFDM signals in some degree.     

An effective suboptimal power loading scheme in OFDM-based cognitive radio systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an attractive modulation candidate for Cognitive Radio (CR) networks. Effective and reliable subcarrier power allocation in OFDM-based Cognitive Radio (CR) networks is a challenging problem. This paper focuses on the power allocation for OFDM-based Cognitive Radio (CR) networks. Our objective is to maximize the total transmission rates of Secondary Users (SU) by adjusting the power of subcarrier while the interference introduced to the Primary User (PU) is within a certain range and the total power of subcarrier is not beyond the total power constraint. We investigate the optimal power allocation algorithm for OFDM-based Cognitive Radio (CR) based on convex optimization theory. Then, because of high complexity of the optimal power allocation algorithm, we propose an effective suboptimal power loading scheme. Theory analysis and simulation results show that the performance of the suboptimal power allocation algorithm is close to the performance of the optimal power allocation algorithm, while the complexity of the suboptimal power allocation algorithm is much lower.     

A SYNCHRONIZATION ALGORITHM FOR HF （HIGH FREQUENCY） BROADBAND OFDM SYSTEM

In this letter, a kind of associated synchronization algorithm which is suitable for HF （High Frequency） broadband OFDM （Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing） system is presented based on describing and constructing the GMW （Gorden, Mills and Welch） sequence. The algorithm is based on the Schmidl and Minn＇s symbol timing principle, the constructed GMW sequence is transmitted and disposed, and the synchronization is adjudicated using the correlation of GMW sequence. The simulation result indicates that this algorithm has high performance synchronization ability under the low SNR （Signal to Noise Ratio） at two different kinds of channel models.     

基于脉冲成形技术降低OFDM峰均比

正交频分复用（OFDM）利用相互正交的多个子载波来传输信息,具有较高的频谱利用率和良好的抗多径干扰能力,适用于高速数据传输,成为第四代移动通信的核心技术之一。但OFDM系统中一个最主要的缺点在于OFDM信号的峰值平均功率比（PAPR）很大,这容易导致系统线性功放的效率降低。研究了将脉冲成形应用到OFDM系统来降低PAPR的技术,以及脉冲波形的选取。仿真结果表明该方法能有效降低OFDM系统的PAPR,而且不影响系统的BER性能。     

MIMO-OFDM系统中信道估计技术的性能评估

本文给出了MIMO-OFDM系统中的三种信道估计算法,详细的分析与比较了这几种算法在估计均方误差、实现复杂度、跟踪速度以及频带效率等方面的性能,最后通过MATLAB仿真试验对其进行了验证.     

RECEIVE ANTENNA SUBSET SELECTION BASED ON ORTHOGONAL COMPONENTS

A new receive antenna subset selection algorithm with low complexity for wireless Multipie-Input Multiple-Output （MIMO） systems is proposed, which is based on the orthogonal components of the channel matrix. Larger capacity is achieved compared with the existing antenna selection methods. Simulation results of quasi-static fiat fading channel demonstrate the significant performance of the proposed selection algorithm.     

基于802.16e的OFDM调制解调技术的研究

随着正交频分复用技术（OFDM）的日益成熟,它在现实生活中的应用的范围也越来越广泛了。OFDM技术现在不仅广泛的应用在数字广播、数字电视中,而且由于其具有抗多径衰落,频谱利用率高,传输速度快的优点,被普偏认为是第四代移动通信物理层的关键技术之一,它能够同时为多个用户提供高数据速率的视频和语音服务。主要是针对基于802.16e标准的OFDM的不同调制解调方式在不同信道中传输的优缺点进行研究比较。     

Robust and fast frequency offset estimation for OFDM based satellite communication

A pilot-aided Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) frequency offset estimator designed for satellite communication system is proposed in the paper. The estimator focuses on the acquisition of the integer part of carrier frequency offset and the acquisition range is as large as the whole signal bandwidth. Making full use of the phase difference between received pilot and local referential pilot, a fast estimation is obtained. Compared with existing method, our method can also work well even in SNR as low as 0dB. Simulations verify the good performance of our method.     

Low-complexity PAPR reduction technique for OFDM systems using modified widely linear SLM scheme

In this paper, a modified widely linear selective mapping (MWL-SLM) scheme is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In the proposed MWL-SLM scheme, through partition one complex signals into two real signals and combining the linear properties of the Fourier Transform, at most 4M² candidate signals can be obtained but only require M inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operations. As a result, the proposed SLM scheme has the ability to generate more candidates when compared with conventional SLM (C-SLM) and widely linear SLM (WL-SLM). Therefore, MWL-SLM outperforms C-SLM and WL-SLM for the same computational cost of IFFT operations. Alternatively, for a given number of candidates, MWL-SLM has slightly inferior PAPR reduction performance to C-SLM and WL-SLM but requires less IFFT operations to be implemented, thus resulting in a lower computational complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.