Electrical passivation of the silicon surface by organic monolayers of 1-octadecene

The electrical properties of structures consisting of a monolayer of 1-octadecene deposited on the Si surface are investigated depending on the method of passivation of the surface prior to the deposition of the film (hydrogen and ion passivation) and the intensity of illumination which activates the addition reaction of molecules of 1-octadecene to the Si atoms. The monolayer of 1-octadecene on the Si surface is stable and provides the chemical passivation of the surface. Two types of traps are found, namely, traps for holes and electrons, whose density can be varied during deposition of the monolayer by the choice of intensity of illumination and by the method of passivation of the surface. In the case of a low level of illumination and/or the use of the iodine passivation of the surface, the electron traps prevail, and, in the case of high intensity of illumination and/or hydrogen passivation of the surface, the hole traps prevail. It is shown that the use of these films provides conductivity in thin near-surface layers of Si due to providing the mode of flat bands or accumulation of carriers near the surface.     

Estimation of the number of orthogonal signals with unknown parameters

Algorithms for estimation of the number of signals with unknown amplitudes and several non-energy parameters are synthesized on the basis of the modified maximum likelihood method. Asymptotic values of the probabilities of the error in estimation of the signal number are determined. The effect of a reduced volume of the a priori domain of possible values and the dimensionality of the vector of unknown non-energy parameters on the quality of operation of the algorithms for estimation of the number of signals is investigated.     

Nonequivalence of biparticle and multiparticle quantum entanglements

The problem of the impossibility of completely describing the quantum entanglement of a system of many particles only with the biparticle entanglement of the constituent subsystems is treated. The numerical procedure of the selection of a contrary instance and the results of the procedure are described. It is also shown that the measure of the entanglement of pure states on the basis of the minimization of the entropy of measurements is essentially a multiparticle measure; i.e., this measure of entanglement cannot be expressed in terms of the Schmidt coefficients.     

A method of analysis of periodic processes in nonautonomous discrete-time systems with quantization

A method of analysis of stationary processes in systems with an arbitrary number of quantization levels in the presence of periodic external signals is proposed. The method is based on the representation of stationary oscillations in the form of an invariant set of nonlinear discrete point mappings. The spectral composition of the response of a system with an arbitrary period coupled with the discretization period through a rational relationship is calculated with the use of the discrete Fourier transform. The discrete Fourier transform is applied also to calculate nonlinear distortions. It is suggested to use the dependence of the ratio of the first-harmonic amplitude of the system’s steady-state response to the amplitude of the input-signal harmonic on the frequency of the input harmonic signal as the amplitude-frequency characteristic of a nonlinear system. In addition, it is suggested to use the dependence of the difference between the argument of the first harmonic of the system’s response and the initial phase of the input signal on the frequency of the input harmonic signal as the phase-frequency characteristic of the system. The usage of the method is illustrated by its application for the analysis of processes in first-and second-order circuits.     

Bayesian estimate of the doppler frequency shift with reduction of the data dimensionality

The paper considers the possibility of reducing the amount of calculations of the Bayesian estimate of the Doppler frequency shift and the initial phase of a quasi-deterministic signal observed in the presence of white-noise distortions due to introduction of the stage of reduction of the dimensionality of the observed data. The minimization of the loss of the Fisher information on the estimated parameter is used to control the correctness of the dimensionality reduction procedure; the estimation accuracy depends on this procedure. The computer simulation using test signals proves the possibility of a considerable reduction in the amount of calculations upon realization of Bayesian procedures for the same estimation accuracy.     

A model of nonlinear optical transmittance for insulator nanocomposites

A theoretical model of the laser radiation transmittance of insulator nanocomposites containing low concentrations of nanoparticles is proposed. It is shown that the basic mechanisms of low-threshold effects of nonlinear absorption and scattering of laser radiation are, first, the induction of electric dipole moments of nanoparticles in the external field and, second, the orientation of nanoparticles along the polarization direction of this field. The behavior of the transmittance in the vicinity of the central region of a separate absorption band and the dependence of the depth of this band in the transmittance spectrum on the external radiation intensity are considered.     

A system for optimization of the output characteristics of electronic components

A general approach to solution of optimization problems for systems with a large number of degrees of freedom and a set of software objects with open interface are developed and are used for construction of the architecture of a software system for solution of a broad range of optimization problem via the search for the extrema of an objective function with the help of genetic algorithms. Genetic algorithms are used for both optimization of the system itself and selection of the optimum parameters of the genetic algorithm. The software system was evaluated with a large set of problems related to calculation of the topology of surface-acoustic-wave frequency selective filters. The system architecture is built in accordance with the basic principles of the service-oriented architecture.     

Numerical simulation of two-particle resonant scattering with the formation of a molecular ion

Using numerical simulation, the process of formation of a positively charged molecular ion during resonant scattering of a positive ion by the intrinsic atom is considered. The method of calculation of physical characteristics of the process based on the notion of evolution of classic Ψ function of the system as classic evolution of all pairs of initial particles is suggested. Integrated characteristics of model processes of formation of the molecular ion are calculated. The probabilistic estimates of formation of the positive molecular ion of hydrogen are obtained.     

Approximate 3D model of electromagnetic modes in waveguide cross-shaped junctions with dielectric filling

Athree-dimensional electrodynamic model of hybrid electromagnetic modes in a waveguide junction of cylindrical and rectangular waveguides with dielectric filling of a cylindrical waveguide is proposed in this study. To solve the vector problem, the mode matching technique (MMT) is applied with the separation of the common waveguide junction region and the representation of the field in this region in the form of superposition of the fields of the partial eigenwaves of waveguides. Classification of eigenmodes is carried out: intrinsic resonances of junction based on transcendental modes and resonances of a waveguide-dielectric type. The investigated structure can be used for measuring the electrical parameters of dielectric samples of both cylindrical and rectangular cross-section shape. Since the spectral characteristics of the junction are determined mainly by the size of the central coupling region of the waveguides and the electrical parameters of the dielectric in the junction, the measurements are of a local nature.     

无人作战模拟仿真中的VV＆A

根据无人作战模拟研究、开发过程中分队级作战单位建模与仿真环节上所存在的VV&A问题,从军事建模的过程与军事工程技术的角度出发,将一般仿真过程中的VV&A技术与军事作战模拟的特点以及无人作战模拟的特殊性三者有机的结合在一起,深入的探讨了在无人作战模拟仿真过程中VV&A问题的解决办法以及实现过程。通过对无人作战模拟仿真中VV&A的研究与解决,为今后的作战模拟,特别是无人作战模拟中如何解决建模及仿真过程中所存在的类似问题提出了一套系统的、科学的实现办法,具有一定的理论及实践意义。对于我军无人作战研究的深入开展以及跨越式发展具有一定的参考价值。     

Method for detection of ground objects and recognition of their types from radar images of the earth surface

A method for detection of ground objects and recognition of their types against the background of the earth surface from objects’ radar images (RIs) is proposed. The method is based on a priori formation of template RIs of the objects in free space and scanning the RI of the earth surface with two types of rectangular windows. The dimensions of the window of the first type take into account the shadows of the objects, and the dimensions of the windows of the second type take into account only the outer dimensions of the objects. The results of the simulation of the detection characteristics and of the parameters of recognition of a KAMAZ truck and the control station mounted on the same chassis, which were located on a standard earth surface, are presented.     

Image contrast of ultra HVEM and future ultra HREM

Review of the measurements and interpretation of energy dependence of extinction distance and transmissive power of electrons, which have appeared in the electron microscope images of crystals at the voltages ranging from 50 to 3000 kV, is presented. Applications of two beam dynamical theory of electron diffraction considering absorption effect of electrons made clear the importance of relativistic effect of the mass of electron to the variation of extinction distance and transmissive power at higher voltage and noted that they are proportional to (v/c) and (v/c)2 respectively, where v and c are the velocity of illuminating electrons and light. With elevating accelerating voltage of illuminating electrons, it was noted that many diffracted waves are excited and thus, for understanding of the image contrast and the improvement of transmissive power of electrons, many beam dynamical theory considering absorption of electron waves has to be applied. Detailed analysis of the excitation and absorption of component Bloch waves was carried out and flux (electron current) flow of Bloch waves and total waves was deduced. Improvements of image contrast and visibility of the imperfection in crystalline materials both in thin and thick regions of ultra-high voltages were realized by using the multi-beam imaging (MBI) method. In MBI of very thick crystals, it was noted that most of the inelastically scattered electrons which appeared in the background of the diffraction patterns contribute to the image contrast by the successive elastic scattering after inelastic scattering. It was noted that the improvement of maximum usable thickness at high voltage is highly dependent on the contribution of inelastically scattered electrons. The calculated flux flows of total electrons of various materials in various orientations were calculated for not only ultra-high voltages but low voltages such as 100 kV. It was suggested that the intensity distribution of such flux flow will be recorded by the ultra HREM in the near future and will become useful to identify types of atoms, such as the interface consisting of different kinds of atoms.     

Intracenter excited state of copper in Cu-compensated InP

In studies of the spectra of the photoconductivity of impurity of the samples of Cu-compensated InP, a resonant transition from one state of copper to another with the maximum of optical energy of excitation of 0.31 eV is found. The temperature dependence of the intensity’s maximum of the intracenter transition in the range from 90 to 450 K is obtained. It is established that the thermal energy of excitation is 0.42 eV.     

电力基建信息化移动管控的研究与应用

从国家电网公司电力基建管控过程入手,介绍了电力基建信息化移动管控的意义,重点阐述了电力基建信息化过程管控的核心内容,进一步描述了利用信息化移动管控系统对电力基建过程管控的具体实现方法和应用,并对其产生的社会及经济效益进行了分析,最后对电力基建信息化移动管控的发展前景进行了展望。     

物联网的由来与发展趋势

近来,物联网成为炙手可热的名词,许多人预言物联网将彻底改变人们的生活方式,带动万亿级的产业发展,成为信息化发展的新的推动力量。但是究竟什么是物联网,它离我们还有多远,仍是众说纷纭,见仁见智。本文试图通过分析物联网和互联网的关系,从人类现代信息化发展的历史角度,用结构化模型的方式,对物联网的概念给予辨析,并提出物联网的未来演进路径。     

Magnetoelectric effect in double-layer ferromagnetic-piezoelectric disk resonators

The magnetoelectric (ME) effect in double-layer composite disk resonators containing mechanically joined layers of magnetostrictive nickel and piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate is experimentally studied. A resonant growth of the efficiency of the ME interaction is discovered at the frequencies of the flexural and radial modes of mechanic vibrations of the resonator. Frequencies of the flexural and radial vibrations of double-layer ME resonators are calculated. The possibilities of controlling the efficiency of the ME interaction by means of selecting the thicknesses of the structure layers and the orientation of the external permanent magnetic field are demonstrated. The sensitivity of the sensors of low-frequency magnetic fields based on ME resonators is estimated.