光纤无线融合网络(FiWi)能效改善综述

光纤无线宽带接入网架构(Fiber Wireless Broadband Access Network,FiWi)能随时随地为终端用户提供高质量的宽带接入服务.然而,由于大量智能设备的互联和指数级数据业务的增长,Fi-Wi接入网也面临着高能耗的潜在挑战.针对融合FiWi接入网中无线反复重传、业务共存转发以及跨域资源整合所引发的高能耗问题,从高效频带分配、协作计算卸载以及网络虚拟化等方面介绍了国内外研究现状并进行了展望,以期在满足服务质量约束时进一步降低FiWi接入网中的能耗.     

无线-光纤混合宽带接入网络路由技术分析

无线-光纤混合宽带接入网(WOBAN)是一种新型的具有竞争力和广泛前景的混合接入网络,其集成了EPON光纤接入网高速、宽带的优点和WMN无线网络灵活、便利的长处。但需要注意的是,无线-光纤混合宽带接入网对于光域互联路由技术提出了较高的要求。基于以上,本文从无线-光纤混合宽带接入网络概述入手,探讨了其路由技术。     

光无线混合宽带接入网的现状和发展

简要介绍了光无线混合宽带接入网(HOWBAN)的网络结构和主要优点,综述了其网络部署、路由机制和生存性问题的研究进展,并指出该领域存在的问题和今后的发展趋势.     

面向成本最优的FiWi网络中ONU-BS部署策略

光和无线(Fiber-Wireless, FiWi)混合网络可以有效解决随时随地接受高速业务的网络接入问题。作为FiWi网络的关键节点,ONU数目和位置很大程度上决定了网络的成本和性能。为降低FiWi网络的建设成本,提升网络性能,该文基于EPON-WIMAX混合组网的FiWi网络,提出一种ONU部署策略,基于改进的遗传算法优化ONU部署,在使ONU数量最少的基础上,保证一定程度上的负载均衡。仿真结果表明该文算法能够避免过早收敛导致的局部最优,得到全局最优、数目最少的ONU部署方案,并实现较好的负载均衡。     

对中国发展宽带接入及光纤的思考

宽带接入发展趋势正从传统的铜线接入向。有线铜退光进,无线宽带移动化,有线无线相互补充。实现无缝接入。的目标演进。光纤宽带是固网宽带接入发展的必然选择。光接入面临多重挑战,需要综合考虑建设与运营维护、无源光网络光线路终端容量设置、光纤宽带对无源光网络（PON）光网络单元的要求、光纤宽带设备的管理、综合业务承载能力、多业务承载对业务控制层的影响等问题。     

光纤无线混合宽带接入网络节能关键技术研究

为减少光纤无线混合宽带接入网络(FiWi)中的能源消耗,在研究了FiWi网络中主要的接入技术及其网络架构的基础上,就FiWi节能技术所涉及的相关标准、MAC层休眠控制机制、网络层节能路由以及新型网络编码实现节能等关键技术进行了深入研究和展望。     

光无线混合接入网中风险感知节能路由算法

研究了光无线混合接入网中具有抗毁能力的节能路由问题,结合光网络单元(ONU)休眠控制和风险备用路由表维护机制,提出一种有效的可靠绿色路由算法。该算法为每个无线路由器维护一个风险表,以记录网络中路径是否可用以及ONU活跃与否的状态信息,通过鼓励选择ONU活跃的可用路径来传输数据,可降低全网丢包率和能耗。仿真结果表明:该算法能够在稳定丢包率的同时更好地节省能量。     

带有卸载时延感知的边缘云增强FiWi网络节能机制

边缘云增强光无线融合网络中,存在传统节能机制与卸载业务不匹配的问题。该文提出一种带有负载转移的光网络单元卸载协同休眠机制。通过分析当前光网络单元负载,结合无线域多跳传输时延和目标光网络单元的报告帧发送时刻,进而确定休眠和目的光网络单元完成负载转移。然后光网络单元协同考虑边缘服务器的回传数据到达时刻和无线域控制帧的发送时刻,选取最合适的休眠时长以减少控制开销。仿真结果表明,所提机制在有效降低网络能耗的同时能保证卸载业务的时延性能。     

带有卸载压缩激励的云增强FiWi网络节能机制

针对云增强型光纤-无线(FiWi)网络能耗以及卸载的通信开销过大问题,该文提出一种自适应卸载压缩节能机制(ESAOC),针对不同类型的业务属性和最大的容忍时延,结合光网络单元的负载变化和无线网状网的流量情况,通过统计的方式获得不同优先级卸载数据的平均到达率,再结合各个节点的压缩时延,动态调整业务的卸载压缩比,以降低卸载的通信开销;同时,建立排队模型分析卸载业务在MEC服务器的排队时延,协同调度无线侧中继节点,进而对光网络单元和终端设备进行协同休眠调度,最大化休眠时长,提高系统能源效率。结果表明,所提方法在有效降低整个网络能耗的同时能够保证卸载业务的时延性能。     

带有上行数据帧聚合的光无线融合接入网络节能机制

光无线融合接入网存在光网络单元利用率低,数据传输过程中控制开销较大的问题。该文提出一种带有上行数据帧聚合的节能机制,建立M/G/1模型分析数据帧在无线域节点及光域节点的队列时延,结合不同优先级业务的最大容忍时延,推导各优先级聚合帧在不同网络状态下的最佳长度,进而根据所得到的最佳帧长对光域节点进行休眠调度,在保障业务时延的前提下,尽可能地延长节点休眠时间长度,提高网络能量效率。仿真结果表明,所提方法在有效降低整个网络能耗的同时能够保证业务的时延性能。     

Green survivability in Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) broadband access network

Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) broadband access network is a promising “last mile” access technology, because it integrates wireless and optical access technologies in terms of their respective merits, such as high capacity and stable transmission from optical access technology, and easy deployment and flexibility from wireless access technology. Since FiWi is expected to carry a large amount of traffic, numerous traffic flows may be interrupted by the failure of network components. Thus, survivability in FiWi is a key issue aiming at reliable and robust service. However, the redundant deployment of backup resource required for survivability usually causes huge energy consumption, which aggravates the global warming and accelerates the incoming of energy crisis. Thus, the energy-saving issue should be considered when it comes to survivability design. In this paper, we focus on the green survivability in FiWi, which is an innovative concept and remains untouched in the previous works to our best knowledge. We first review and discuss some challenging issues about survivability and energy-saving in FiWi, and then we propose some instructive solutions for its green survivability design. Therefore, our work in this paper will provide the technical references and research motivations for the energy-efficient and survivable FiWi development in the future.     

Joint wireless and optical resources allocation for availability-guaranteed service in survivable fiber-wireless access network

The fiber-wireless (FIWi) access network not only leverages the technical merits of wireless and optical access networks, but also provides a potential opportunity for the design of survivable access networks. Previous works have studied the survivability of FiWi access network against network component failure by means of backup fiber deployment and wireless rerouting. However, most of these works put less attention on the connection availability and ignore the joint allocation of wireless and optical resources, which plays an important role in improving the global network performance gain. In this paper, we consider a notable failure scenario in FiWi access network but less mentioned in previous works, i.e., single shared-risk link group failure. We first propose a model for FiWi network to estimate the connection availability of service demand. Then, a novel resource allocation approach is proposed to provide the availability-guaranteed service. Under the requirements of bandwidth and connection availability, we deal with the optimal allocation of joint wireless and optical resources with the objective of minimum resource consumption. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can reduce the resource consumption significantly compared to the resource allocation without considering connection availability.     

Auxiliary graph based protection for survivable Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) access network considering different levels of failures

Survivability is one of the key issues in Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) access network because network component failures may cause huge data loss, especially when the failures in optical back-end. According to the failure severity, we categorize the failures in optical back-end into two levels, that is, Optical-Network-Unit (ONU)-level failure and segment-level failure. In this paper, instead of the expensive fiber duplication approach traditionally, we propose a novel protection approach for FiWi against ONU-level failure by assigning each ONU several alternate ONUs in the same segment and against the segment-level failure by deploying backup fibers among different segments. On one hand, we optimize the assignment of alternate ONUs, aiming to maximize the amount of protected traffic and minimize the number of wireless hops. On the other hand, we optimize the deployment of backup fibers, aiming to maximize the amount of protected traffic and minimize the length of backup fibers. We mathematically formulate these two objectives as Maximum Protection and Minimum Hops Number (MPMHN) problem and the Maximum Protection and Minimum backup Fibers Length (MPMFL) problem, respectively. An efficient algorithm called Auxiliary Graph based Protection (AGP) is proposed to solve the MPMHN and MPMFL problems. In the simulation, we investigate the performance of AGP in various scenarios and demonstrate the cost-efficiency of the proposed protection approach.     

QoS‐aware cross‐domain collaborative energy‐saving mechanism for FiWi virtual networks

The fiber‐wireless (FiWi) access network is a very promising solution for next‐generation access networks. Because of the different protocols between its subnets, it is hard to globally optimize the operation of FiWi networks. Network virtualization technology is applied to FiWi networks to realize the coexistence of heterogeneous networks and centralized control of network resource. The existing virtual resource management methods always be designed to optimize virtual network (VN) request acceptance rate and survivability, but seldom consider energy consumption and varied requirements of quality of service (QoS) satisfaction, which is a hot and important topic in the industrial field. Therefore, this paper focuses on the QoS‐aware cross‐domain collaborative energy saving mechanism for FiWi virtual networks. First, the virtual network embedding (VNE) model, energy consumption model, and VNE profit model of FiWi networks are established. Then, a QoS‐aware in‐region VN embedding mechanism is proposed to guarantee service quality of different services. After that, an underlying resource updating mechanism based on energy efficiency awareness is designed to realize low‐load ONU and wireless routers co‐sleep in FiWi networks. Finally, a QoS‐aware re‐embedding mechanism is presented to allocate proper resource to the VNs affected by the sleeping mechanism. Especially for video VNs, a re‐embedding scheme which adopts traffic splitting and multipath route is introduced to meet resource limitation and low latency. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can reduce FiWi network's energy consumption, improve VNE profit, and ensure high embedding accepting rate and strict delay demand of high‐priority VNs.     

无源光接入网中反射式ONU的研究

对光纤到户(FTTH)网络来说,一个低成本高效的灵活接入方案是非常重要的.在波分复用-无源光网络(WDM-PON)中,用户端的收发器件以及波长分配方案是系统的关键.单纤双向单波长方案可以大大简化网络结构,降低用户的接入成本,但这种结构存在很严重的瑞利反向散射的串扰.文章分析了各种不同ONU端光源的实现方式,并分析了若干种抑制瑞利反向散射串扰影响的技术.     

FTTH网络互通性与运维管理

FTTH网络在我国以及全球都已进入规模部署、广泛应用的阶段，其中局端设备和用户端设备的互通性对于降低组网成本、方便系统管理具有重要意义。本文介绍了目前FTTH网络中异厂商设备互通性的进展，并针对FTTH网络规模部署后运维管理系统架构进行探讨，提出了在FTTH网络中应使用双模管理架构，并详细分析了网络中各种设备的管理方案。     

电信运营商宽带接入汇聚网络规划

宽带接入业务和宽带增值业务的发展对电信运营商现有的宽带接入网络提出了新的要求。本文通过对运营商宽带接入网络的现状和宽带业务的发展进行分析研究,提出了在电信运营的宽带接入网络中建设以VPLS为关键技术的3层宽带接入汇聚网络的方案,并对宽带接入汇聚网络进行了具体的规划。     

有线电视双向网接入技术选择

EPON技术因其高带宽、无源分配、易维护、支持多业务等优势,近年来正在成为宽带接入的主要技术之一,也非常适合于有线电视网络开展双向数据业务。在接入技术方面有EoC、LAN,部分广电有线电视网络已经进行了基于Cable Modem方式的HFC双向网改造,那么如何选择宽带接入方式呢？对HFC、EPON以及几种接入技术做技术分析、投入成本分析以及网络现状分析,以此选择适合有线电视网宽带接入的技术方式。