大功率LED排式热管散热器的开发及性能研究

开发了一种应用于大功率LED散热的排式热管散热器。在大空间自然对流冷却环境中,分别在0°、30°、60°、90°放置条件下对其启动性能、均温特性、散热性能进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:散热器启动性能良好,启动时间约为67min;在输入功率为30～70W的范围内,热源表面中心点温度不超过75℃;各倾角下散热器均具有较低的总热阻及扩散热阻,0°放置时总热阻最小。基于试验所得结果,通过计算LED结温论证了排式热管散热器在各倾角条件下均可满足热输出70W以下大功率LED散热的需求。     

平板散热器快速设计法

电子设备的大功率半导体器件需要装在面积足够大的金属板上进行散热,以免器件因结温超过最大允许值而烧坏。本文介绍的设计方法只需通过简单计算和查表,即可求出所需平板散热器的面积。像导体的电阻对于流过它的电流具有限制作用一样,介质的热阻对于流过它的热量也具有限制作用。热阻是以℃/W为单位来计量的,热阻愈大则导热性能愈差。半导体器件在工作中产生的热量是从半导体结开始,通过器件外壳和散热器传送到周围环境的。在此传热路径中,它要经过三种热阻:一是半导体     

大功率LED冷却用平板热管散热器的实验研究

对一种新型平板热管散热器冷却大功率LED芯片阵列进行实验研究。在自然对流冷却条件下,分析了平板热管散热器的启动特性、均温特性以及通电电流、倾角对其传热性能的影响。利用热电转换方法得到LED芯片的结温变化。实验结果表明:平板热管散热器的总热阻在0.3053～0.3425℃/W间,且散热器整体温度分布均匀合理,具有很强的散热能力;LED结温在47.9～59.0℃间,远低于110℃。     

大功率LED针翅式散热器散热性能数值模拟

发光二极管(LED)作为新一代光源,得到广泛应用.然而在工作过程中,大部分的电能会转变为热能,使LED的结温升高,可靠性降低.为了使LED芯片产生的热量能够及时有效地散发出去,通常采用翅片散热方法对其进行散热.采用数值模拟的方法对大功率LED针翅式散热器的散热性能进行了研究.为了验证模型的准确性,利用K型热电偶和安捷伦数据采集仪对散热器进行了实验测试.实验结果表明,该数值模型方程能够很好地模拟散热器的散热性能.此外,研究了大功率LED针翅式散热器的几何参数(翅片高度、半径、排数、列数)对LED散热性能(结温、对流换热系数和热阻)的影响,并且对翅片结构进行了优化分析.     

用于大功率LED冷却的热管散热器的实验研究

提出了一种将大功率发光二极管(LED)散热和热管传热相结合的用于大功率LED冷却的热管散热器新概念,并对设计出的热管散热器的传热性能和整体的均温性进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,热管散热器的热阻在0.21～2.6 K/W,且整个散热器具有均匀的温度分布.与当前的LED散热器相比,这种结构的热管散热器具有散热效率高、结构紧凑、热阻小、重量轻、成本低等特点,可以满足未来大功率LED散热的要求.     

并行多通道大功率LED回路热管散热器

为解决大功率LED散热问题,构造了一种一体化并 行多通道大功率LED回路热管散热器。利用水作为工质,在不同加热功率、不同倾斜角以及 不同充液比条件下对该新结构热管散热器的热性 能进行了研究。结果表明,这种新结构热管散热器不仅能使散热器上下底板处于均温状态, 而且当芯片加 热功率达到200W时,芯片加热面中心最高温度不超过71.8℃;倾斜角度对热管换热性能影响不大;在一 定加热功率范围内,新结构热管散热器的热阻随加热功率的增大而减小,当芯片加热功率达 到240W时, 热阻最小,最小可达0.19K/W。构造的一体化并行多通道大功率LED 回路热管散热器具有很好的传热性能,并提高了承载高热流密度的能力。     

半导体制冷的大功率LED模组散热模拟

基于热电制冷原理,对采用半导体制冷器制冷的50W大功率LED模组系统散热进行模拟,研究了大功率LED结温(Tj)、半导体制冷器工作状态(冷热端温差ΔT)、散热器热阻(Θh-a)间的关系。模拟结果表明,采用半导体制冷的LED模组系统,存在一个Θh-a的最大限制值,只有Θh-a小于这一限制值时制冷器才能降低LED结温;随着所设计的制冷器ΔT增加,其制冷效率下降,而所要求的散热器散热强度先降低后升高;当Θh-a为定值时,制冷器的ΔT有一个最佳范围;使用多级半导体制冷来给LED模组系统散热更具有价值。     

大功率LED照明装置微热管散热方案分析

设计了一种新型的带有百叶窗的平板式大功率发光二极管(LED)照明装置。该装置采用高导热系数的铝基板作为多颗大功率LED的散热电路板,用0.4mm的铝片作为散热翅片,结合沟槽式微热管构成集发光与散热一体化的输入功率为21W的照明模组,该模组可根据照明亮度要求重构成不同功率的照明装置。对功率为144W的照明装置进行了理论分析与实验研究。根据理论计算,每个照明模组的发热量约为18W,每个照明模组的传热量约为47W;模拟结果表明,在环境温度为30℃,自然对流换热系数为10W/(m2·K)时,LED芯片最高结温Ta=75℃,而实验测得Ta=75.7℃。     

应用于大功率LED器件的回路热管散热研究

为解决大功率LED的散热问题,提出一种应用于大功率LED散热的微型回路热管,研究了充液率和倾斜角度对热管冷却大功率LED的启动性能、结温和热阻等特性的影响.研究结果表明:热管的最佳充液率为60％,系统的总热阻为7.5 K/W,此时对应的热管的热阻为1.6 K/W;热管的启动时间约为6.5 min,LED的结点温度被控制在42℃以下,很好地满足了大功率LED的结温稳定性要求.     

两种热电分离式基板导热性能的对比研究

基于热电分离式设计理念，开发出FR4/Cu与FR4/AlN两种高导热散热基板，并利用SMT工艺将13Ｗ的Osram S2W型LED灯珠分别与上述两种散热基板焊接后组装成LED模组，利用半导体制冷温控台恒定散热基板底部温度后，使用结温测试仪对LED的结温进行了测试，同时借助直流电源和积分球分别对LED的总功率和光功率进行了测量后得到了模组的热功率值。最后根据LED结温测试结果与热功率值计算得出了模组的热阻值，并在此基础上对两种基板的散热性能进行了对比研究。结果表明，FR4/AlN基板的散热性能较之FR4/Cu基板稍逊，当使用FR4/Cu基板散热时，LED的结温和热阻分别是49.72 ℃ 、2.21℃ /Ｗ，当使用FR4/AlN基板散热时LED的结温和热阻分别是51.32 ℃、2.32℃/Ｗ。     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.     

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.     

High-quality single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons and their optical properties

Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons is achieved by a modified thermal evaporation method, in which two-step-thermal-evaporation is used to control CdSe sources＇ evaporation. The synthesized CdSe nanoribbons are usually several micrometers in width, 50 nm in thickness, and tens to several hundred micrometers in length. Studies have shown that high-quality CdSe nanoribbons with regular shapes can be obtained by this method. Room-temperature photolumines-cence indicates that the lasing emission at 710 nm has been observed under optical pumping （266 nm） at power densities of 25-153 kW/cm^2. The full width half maximum （FWHM） of the lasing mode is 0.67 nm     

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