一种适应信道的WiMAX分级调度架构

针对无线信道中与时间和位置相关性错误,文章简要介绍了IEEE 802.16d协议[1]的QoS服务模型,在对WiMAX的QoS机制和调度策略进行了深入的研究后,提出了一种新的MAC层分级分组调度架构.该架构主要由调度控制器、流量监控和两级分组调度组成,并给出了关键调度的算法模型.对算法的仿真表明,这个调度架构能够有效地区分对待实时业务、非实时业务和BE业务,满足不同类型业务的QoS需求,解决了无线信道特殊性带来的调度问题.     

IEEE 802.16d MAC层QoS调度架构的实现

文章简要介绍了IEEE802.16演进的历史,详细分析了802.16d协议中MAC层的QoS调度架构及其相关的MAC层机制,提出了一种新颖的QoS调度架构,并对其调度策略进行了深入的研究,给出了算法模型。这个调度架构能够区分不同的调度业务类型,并在其中引入了补偿模型,解决了无线信道产生的与时间和位置相关的错误所带来的问题。     

基于IEEE802．11b无线局域网支持QoS的盲检测算法

这里提出了一种基于IEEE802.11b无线局域网(WLANs)的MAC层的终端盲检测算法.和以往的算法相比,该算法通过对连接接入点AP(Access Point)的所有活动终端进行盲检测,可以非常有效的增加每个AP点所支持的语音通信终端数量,从而增加了信道的带宽,提高语音服务质量QoS.而且算法只执行在接入点的点协调功能上(PCF),因此不需要对当前的IEEE802.11MAC层的协议做任何修改.仿真结果表明了本算法对WLANs语音服务质量的有效支持.     

基于网络编码与空时编码的协作MAC协议

针对无线ad hoc网络中协作造成的中继效率低以及不同QoS需求难以满足等问题,提出了一种联合网络编码和空时编码的协作MAC协议(NSTCMAC)。NSTCMAC将网络编码与空时编码技术相结合,设计出区分业务类型的协作MAC协议传输机制,以满足不同业务类型的QoS需求;进一步通过马尔科夫链模型分析了区分业务类型的协作机制及性能。仿真结果表明,相比传统的DCF、COOPMAC以及CD-MAC协议,NSTCMAC协议能更好地保证不同的QoS需求,并能有效地解决协作造成的中继效率低的问题。     

业务流机制--EPON的QoS解决方案

EPON是一种非常被看好的带宽综合业务接入网络.但是,如何使EPON支持不同业务的QoS一直是EPON的一大技术难题.参考DOCSIS1.1协议中的业务流机制,提出了解决EPON支持不同业务QoS的方案.     

IEEE802．16d MAG层QoS调度架构的实现

文章简要介绍了IEEE802．16演进的历史，详细分析了802．16d协议中MAC层的QoS调度架构及其相关的MAC层机制，提出了一种新颖的QoS调度架构，并对其调度策略进行了深入的研究，给出了算法模型。这个调度架构能够区分不同的调度业务类型，并在其中引入了补偿模型，解农了无线信道产生的与时间和位置相关的错误所带来的问题。     

802.16宽带无线接入系统的QoS保证和调度策略

IEEE 802.16 (以下简称802.16)宽带无线接入标准最突出的特点就是在其MAC层引入了完整的QoS机制,可以为用户提供电信级的QoS支持,这在宽带无线接入网发展里程中具有重要的意义.本文详细描述了标准MAC层的QoS结构及相关的MAC层机制,并对其QoS机制中的调度策略进行了研究.     

一种802.16MAC层的分级带宽调度策略

IEEE 802.16的MAC层是面向连接的,不同类型的业务具有不同的服务质量（QoS）参数,从而为不同的用户应用提供相应的QoS保障。实现QoS保障的关键之一就在于MAC层的带宽调度,能否采用一种有效的MAC层带宽调度策略是十分重要的。文章提出一种分级带宽调度策略,通过这种策略对带宽的分配,可以得出一个适用于无线网络的802.16MAC层的带宽调度架构,可以对不同的业务提供QoS保证。     

宽带CDMA IP网中实现区分服务的QoS结构

3G CDMA网提供高速无线IP服务,其业务主要包括数据、语音互式多媒体。为了能保证这些异构业务的QoS,并提供业务区分,将有线IP网的分区服务（DIFFSERV）QoS模型引入3G CDMA网络。针对无线网络的终端移动性、高丢失率、更低的网络带宽等特点,对原有的DIFFSERV结构进行了修改,给出了基于DIFFSERV的无线QoS结构,并简单描述了实现协议。还给出了有效带宽的录入控制策略和资源预留策略来实现QoS。通过仿真,研究了各种策略的性能。     

宽带无线IP系统中基于区分服务的QoS实现策略

讨论了在宽带无线IP系统中实现QoS的问题。提出了一个基于区分服务(DiffServ)的QoS框架,并针对无线链路上的高误码率、窄带宽、性能变化剧烈、用户移动性等特点,对DiffServ进行了加强,并提供了一种针对业务类型的用户接入控制机制。仿真结果显示了该QoS框架的性能。     

A Novel Random Backoff Algorithm to Enhance the Performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF

The Probability Distribution of Slot Selection (PDoSS) of IEEE 802.11 DCF is extremely uneven, which makes the packet collision probability very high. In this paper, we propose a novel RWBO+BEB backoff algorithm for 802.11 DCF to make the PDoSS even and thus decrease the packet collision probability. A Markov model is built for analyzing RWBO+BEB's PDoSS and saturation throughput. The model's correctness is validated by simulation. The performance of RWBO+BEB is also evaluated by simulation in terms of PDoSS, saturation throughput, packet collision probability and packet delay. The simulation results indicate that RWBO+BEB can decrease the packet collision probability to a large extent, utilize the channel more efficiently, and make the packet delay jitter much lower comparing to 802.11 DCF. Moreover, we analyze the relation of saturation throughput and packet collision probability to walking probability (p_d) and contention windows (w), respectively. The analysis indicates that RWBO+BEB has a remarkable feature: its saturation throughput keeps high, and packet collision probability keeps very low (which under 0.1) in a large range of p_d and w, this allows us to configure p_d and w more flexibly. Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET 2005), the Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China (KJ050503), the Research Grants by the Science & Tech. Commission of Chongqing (8817) and the National Science Foundation of China (90304004). Li Yun was born in 1974. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. His research interests are in MAC protocol improvement and QoS in wireless ad hoc networks. Long Ke-Ping was born in 1968. He received his Ph.D. from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China in 1999. He is a professor Ph.D. supervisor in special research Centre for Optical Internet and Wireless Information Networks (COIWIN) at ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications. He was an IEEE member. He has over 120 research publications and 4 patents application. His research interests include: Optical Burst switching, modeling of optical networking, IP QoS mechanisms (Diffserv and Intserv, MPLS), WDM/SDH/ATM networks survivability, TCP/IP enhancements in wireless networks, and Mobile IP. Zhao Wei-liang was born in 1962 and received his Ph.D. degree from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China in 2001. He is a professor and a post-doctoral fellow in Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications of China. His current interest lies in wireless communications.     

A backoff algorithm based on self-adaptive contention window update factor for IEEE 802.11 DCF

The binary exponential backoff (BEB) mechanism is applied to the packet retransmission in lots of wireless network protocols including IEEE 802.11 and 802.15.4. In distributed dynamic network environments, the fixed contention window (CW) updating factor of BEB mechanism can’t adapt to the variety of network size properly, resulting in serious collisions. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a backoff algorithm based on self-adaptive contention window update factor for IEEE 802.11 DCF. In WLANs, this proposed backoff algorithm can greatly enhance the throughput by setting the optimal CW updating factor according to the theoretical analysis. When the number of active nodes varies, an intelligent scheme can adaptively adjust the CW updating factor to achieve the maximal throughput during run time. As a result, it effectively reduces the number of collisions, improves the channel utilization and retains the advantages of the binary exponential back-off algorithm, such as simplicity and zero cost. In IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) protocol, the numerical analysis of physical layer parameters show that the new backoff algorithm performance is much better than BEB, MIMD and MMS algorithm.     

A novel fair random access scheme with throughput optimization using fuzzy controller for wireless systems

Good backoff algorithms should be able to achieve high channel throughput while maintaining fairness among active nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel backoff algorithm to improve the fairness of random access channels, while maximizing channel throughput. The mechanism of the proposed backoff algorithm uses backoff delay (retransmission delay) and channel‐offered traffic to dynamically control the backoff interval, so that each active node increases its backoff interval in the case of collision by a factor which exponentially decreases as the backoff delay increases, and decreases its backoff interval in the case of successful transmission by a factor which exponentially decreases as the backoff delay of previous retransmission attempts increases. Also, the backoff interval is controlled according to the channel offered, traffic using a fuzzy controller to maximize channel throughput. Furthermore, the operation of the proposed backoff algorithm does not depend on knowledge of the number of active nodes. A computer simulation is developed using MATLAB to evaluate the performance of the proposed backoff algorithm and compare it with the binary exponential backoff (BEB) scheme, which is widely used owing to its high channel throughput, while its fairness is relatively poor. It is shown that the proposed backoff algorithm significantly outperforms the BEB scheme in terms of improving the performance of fairness, and converges to the ideal performance as the minimum backoff interval increases, while achieving high channel throughput. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于多门限预留机制的自适应带宽分配算法

针对异构无线网络融合环境提出了一种基于多门限预留机制的自适应带宽分配算法,从而为多业务提供QoS保证。该算法采用多宿主传输机制,通过预设各个网络中不同业务的带宽分配门限,并基于各个网络中不同业务和用户的带宽分配矩阵,根据业务k支持的传输速率等级需求和网络状态的变化,将自适应带宽分配问题转化为一个动态优化问题并采用迭代方法来求解,在得到各个网络中不同业务和用户优化的带宽分配矩阵的同时,在带宽预留门限和网络容量的约束条件下实现网络实时吞吐量的最大化,以提高整个异构网络带宽的利用效率。数值仿真结果显示,所提算法能够支持满足QoS需求的传输速率等级,减小了新用户接入异构网络的阻塞概率,提高了平均用户接入率并将网络吞吐量最大提高40%。     

Enhanced binary exponential backoff algorithm for fair channel access in the ieee 802.11 medium access control protocol

The medium access control protocol determines system throughput in wireless mobile ad hoc networks following the ieee 802.11 standard. Under this standard, asynchronous data transmissions have a defined distributed coordination function that allows stations to contend for channel usage in a distributed manner via the carrier sensing multiple access with collision avoidance protocol. In distributed coordination function, a slotted binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm resolves collisions of packets transmitted simultaneously by different stations. The BEB algorithm prevents packet collisions during simultaneous access by randomizing moments at stations attempting to access the wireless channels. However, this randomization does not eliminate packet collisions entirely, leading to reduced system throughput and increased packet delay and drop. In addition, the BEB algorithm results in unfair channel access among stations. In this paper, we propose an enhanced binary exponential backoff algorithm to improve channel access fairness by adjusting the manner of increasing or decreasing the contention window based on the number of the successfully sent frames. We propose several configurations and use the NS2 simulator to analyze network performance. The enhanced binary exponential backoff algorithm improves channel access fairness, significantly increases network throughput capacity, and reduces packet delay and drop. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新的紫外光自组织通信网络MAC层避退算法

紫外光自组织通信网络是把紫外光与自组织网络相结合的,能够利用自组织网络的多跳特性来克服紫外光距离有限性的通信网络。为了使紫外光自组织通信网络中各个节点能够对有限的信道资源进行充分与公平的利用,需要对网络协议栈中的第二层——媒介接入控制层上的传统算法进行优化。本文以媒质接入控制层(MAC,Media Access Control)传统上采用的二进制指数退避算法为基础,以提高公平性为目的,提出了依据退避计数器值的随机选取是否合理,继而采取相应的奖励惩罚机制的新算法。研究结果表明:新算法提高了无线紫外光自组织通信网络中各节点接入信道的公平性,并在信道吞吐量和信道接入公平性之间达到了一个较好的折衷。     

一种用于移动自组织网的多址接入动态时延退避策略

在移动Ad Hoc网络中，信道接入公平性和吞吐率是MAC协议需解决的重要问题，而IEEE802．11等协议采用的二进制指数退避算法BEB难以满足公平性要求。本文提出了一种基于对节点竞争失败次数（无效RTS）进行计数的方法估计信道争用情况，动态地分配退避计数器初值，从而实现移动Ad Hoc网络的公平多址接入。研究表明，该接入方法能够有效地反映源节点特性，接入公平性好，同时在高负荷和低负荷的情况下，都能提高网络吞吐量，提供良好的QoS保障。     

Efficient Uplink Bandwidth Request with Delay Regulation for Real-Time Service in Mobile WiMAX Networks

The emerging broadband wireless access technology based on IEEE 802.16 is one of the most promising solutions to provide ubiquitous wireless access to the broadband service at low cost. This paper proposes an efficient uplink bandwidth request-allocation algorithm for real-time services in Mobile WiMAX networks based on IEEE 802.16e. In order to minimize bandwidth wastage without degrading quality of service (QoS), we introduce a notion of target delay and propose dual feedback architecture. The proposed algorithm calculates the amount of bandwidth request such that the delay is regulated around the desired level to minimize delay violation and delay jitter for real-time services. Also, it can increase utilization of wireless channel by making use of dual feedback, where the bandwidth request is adjusted based on the information about the backlogged amount of traffic in the queue and the rate mismatch between packet arrival and service rates. Due to the target delay and dual feedback, the proposed scheme can control delay and allocate bandwidth efficiently while satisfying QoS requirement. The stability of the proposed algorithm is analyzed from a control-theoretic viewpoint, and a simple design guideline is derived based on this analysis. By implementing the algorithm in OPNET simulator, its performance is evaluated in terms of queue regulation, optimal bandwidth allocation, delay controllability, and robustness to traffic characteristics.     

Analysis of adaptive bandwidth allocation in wireless networks with multilevel degradable quality of service

A wireless/mobile network supporting multilevel quality of service (QoS) is considered. In such a network, users or applications can tolerate a certain degree of QoS degradation. Bandwidth allocation to users can, therefore, be adjusted dynamically according to the underlying network condition so as to increase bandwidth utilization and service provider's revenue. However, arbitrary QoS degradation may be unsatisfactory or unacceptable to the users, hence resulting in their subsequent defection. Instead of only focusing on bandwidth utilization or blocking/dropping probability, two new user-perceived QoS metrics, degradation ratio and upgrade/degrade frequency, are proposed. A Markov model is then provided to derive these QoS metrics. Using this model, we evaluate the effects of adaptive bandwidth allocation on user-perceived QoS and show the existence of trade offs between system performance and user-perceived QoS. We also show how to exploit adaptive bandwidth allocation to increase system utilization (for the system administrator) with controlled QoS degradation (for the users). By considering various mobility patterns, the simulation results are shown to match our analytical results, demonstrating the applicability of our analytical model to more general cases.     

Ad hoc网络中一种生命周期约束的自适应退避算法

在IEEE 802.11标准定义的BEB退避算法基础上,提出一种生命周期约束的自适应退避算法LCAB,以生命周期代替最大重传次数作为分组丢弃的依据,并根据网络忙闲程度自适应地调整节点执行退避过程的权限,以最大化系统归一化有效吞吐量,适合于ad hoc网络中有严格时延要求的VoIP等实时性业务.构建Markov链模型分析LCAB算法性能,得到系统归一化有效吞吐量表达式.仿真结果表明,理论分析与仿真结果一致,且LCAB算法的归一化有效吞吐量优于BEB算法.