背腔式微带贴片天线的近场分布和交叉极化方向图的数值计算

采用矢量有限元——边界积分混合方法针对带有背腔结构的微带贴片天线进行了数值计算：首先计算了E面、H面方向图，用于验证该混合方法的正确性；接着计算了在第一谐振频点f1=1．96724G、第二谐振频点f2=2．85G处天线表面缝隙处的电场分布，同时讨论了天线的交叉极化方向图在两个谐振点的变化；最后分别针对在失谐状态下、电介质的不同损耗正切角、加有探针负载等情况，计算了相应的交叉极化方向图，讨论了其变化。     

缝耦合微带双贴片天线阻抗和辐射特性

本文提出了将阵列单元由单贴片改成缝耦合双贴片的形式。利用并矢Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数和谱域矩量法分析了单贴片及缝耦合双贴片天线的输入阻抗。考虑了阵列天线的馈电网络中不均匀性的影响，根据解积分方程所得出的微带天线贴片表面电流分布。计算出其方向图特性，结果表明，缝耦合双贴片两单元微带阵列天线的阻抗频带提高到普通两单元微带阵列天线频带的２．５倍，文中实验数据与理论计算结果吻合甚好。     

用离散复镜像方法计算任意形状微带贴片的散射

采用离散复镜像方法(DCIM)计算微带结构的空间域格林函数，提高了计算阻抗矩阵的速度。采用三角矢量面元(RWG)基函数，模拟电流分布。由于三角形可以模拟任意形状的贴片，本文的方法可以准确地计算任意形状贴片的散射。数值结果证实了本文方法的有效性。     

一种新型宽带双极化低剖面复合式阵列天线

提出了一种利用多种形式的辐射贴片阵元组成的复合式阵列天线。阵元采用了多种形式的馈电方法。部分阵元和馈电微带线直接连接馈电,其他阵元和馈电微带线采用电磁耦合进行馈电。通过优化辐射贴片的形状、对应的馈电方法、辐射贴片连接端的阻抗调节块、阵列单元之间的阻抗调节段,在宽频带内不但获得了良好的阻抗特性,也实现了期望的赋形辐射方向图。测试结果表明,该阵列天线高度小于中心频率的0.06个波长,相对阻抗带宽(驻波比小于1.45)和辐射带宽分别超过23%和17%。     

使用混合单元的微带反射阵列天线

混合使用了两种形式微带贴片单元在Ku波段实现了反射阵列天线,一种形式为不同大小贴片,另外一种形式为带不同长度延迟线的贴片。通过使用两种形式的贴片,优化了贴片单元的反射方向图,使其最大反射方向始终朝向阵列最大辐射方向,从而保证了阵列的效率。仿真与实测结果表明,所设计的口径约为13.5波长的反射阵列天线在5.5%的带宽内,实现了效率大于48%的设计。     

一种宽频带高增益圆形贴片天线

本文提出了一种新型的宽频带、高增益贴片天线,这种天线在频带内拥有良好的方向图特性。天线的频带范围 从1GHZ 到3.5GHZ,这个天线的尺寸是 0.9?0?0.9?0?0.14?0 ,阻抗带宽达到了111%（驻波比小于2）。设计的贴片天线 采用耦合馈电形式,天线在频带范围内方向图对称,没有出现裂瓣,最高增益达到10.5dBi,交叉极化在-20dB 以下。     

高阻抗表面天线反射基板设计

研究了利用高阻抗表面改善偶极子天线的辐射性能。在确定合适的高阻抗表面单元数后,分析高阻抗表面反射板与天线间的距离对天线方向图和增益的影响,并提出改善天线驻波和增益的匹配方法:当高阻抗反射板与天线之间距离合适时,通过加载两个对称的贴片可以有效地改善高阻抗反射板与天线阻抗的失配问题。结果表明:高阻抗表面作为天线反射基板可以减小天线系统整体剖面轮廓,利于实现设备小型化。     

低副瓣相控阵面天线波束扫描及互耦特性分析

讨论了有源相控阵面天线的波束扫描特性,用矩量法（ＭＭ）计算出互阻抗,激励电流及相应的辐射波瓣,提出了用互阻抗矩阵对天线进行去耦的方法,并用此方法进行实验,得出面天线的立体方向图和主磁面方向图,实验结果表明上控阵天线波束扫描角小于４５°时,这种去耦方法是有效的,为实现超低副瓣相控阵面天线奠定了理论基础。该法还可以用于舰用共形阵天线的去耦。     

微波着陆系统仰角天线H面方向图的分析与设计

本文论述了微波着陆系统仰角天线的H面赋形方向图的形成方法．振子在带有台阶的平行板波导内激励起多种模式的电磁波，合理调整台阶的尺寸，这些模式的叠加能够得到天线的H面赋形方向图,用文中的方法设计了微波着陆系统仰角天线，其H面方向图达到了技术指标，验证了文中方法的有效性。     

EMI电源滤波器的插入损耗分析

在一般EMI滤波器的共模和差模等效电路的基础上,分析了源阻抗和负载阻抗对滤波器插入损耗的影响.提出了共模插入损耗和差模插入损耗的计算方法,推导了滤波器插入损耗与阻抗关系的表达式,并且对这一关系作了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了理论计算和分析的正确性.     

A hybrid finite element method for scattering and radiation bymicrostrip path antennas and arrays residing in a cavity

A hybrid numerical technique is presented for a characterization of the scattering and radiation properties of microstrip patch antennas and arrays residing in a cavity recessed in a ground plane. The technique combines the finite-element and boundary integral methods to formulate a system for the solution of the fields at the aperture and those inside the cavity via the biconjugate gradient method in conjunction with the fast Fourier transform (FFT). By virtue of the finite-element method, the proposed technique is applicable to patch antennas and arrays residing on or embedded in a layered dielectric substrate and is also capable of treating various feed configurations and impedance loads. Several numerical results are presented, demonstrating the validity, efficiency, and capability of the technique     

背腔式微带天线电磁散射分析的FEM/PO-PTD方法

将一种新的混合方法-FEM/PO-PTD方法，应用于分析计算背腔式微带天线的电磁散射特性。通过无穷大接地导体平面上矩形背腔式微带天线的RCS计算，验证了该方法的正确性。在此基础上，计算了两组有限尺寸金属载体上背腔式微带天线的RCS曲线，理论分析与计算结果表明，该混合方法具有计算机内存需求少、计算时间短等优点。     

A hybrid finite element-boundary integral method for the analysisof cavity-backed antennas of arbitrary shape

An edge-based hybrid finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) formulation using tetrahedral elements is described for scattering and radiation analysis of arbitrarily shaped cavity-backed patch antennas. By virtue of the finite element method (FEM), the cavity irregularities, the dielectric super/substrate inhomogeneities, and the diverse excitation schemes inside the cavity may be readily modeled when tetrahedral elements are used to discretize the cavity. On the aperture, the volume mesh reduces to a triangular grid allowing the modeling of nonrectangular patches. Without special handling of the boundary integral system, this formulation is typically applicable to cavity-backed antenna systems with moderate aperture size. To retain an O(N) memory requirement, storage of the full matrix due to the boundary integral equation is avoided by resorting to a structured triangular aperture grid and taking advantage of the integral's convolutional property. If necessary, this is achieved by overlaying a structured triangular grid on the unstructured triangular grid and relating the edge field coefficients between the two grids via two narrow banded transformation matrices. The combined linear system of equations is solved via the biconjugate gradient (BICG) method, and the FFT algorithm is incorporated to compute the matrix-vector product efficiently, with minimal storage requirements     

Radiation and scattering features of patch antennas with bianisotropic substrates

The analysis of patch antennas residing in cavities filled by general inhomogeneous and lossy bianisotropic substrates is presented. The theoretical study is based on a variational formulation associated with the boundary value problem under analysis, and a hybrid finite element-boundary integral method is employed to solve the electromagnetic field inside and outside cavities numerically. Initially, the general formulation presented is applied to some particular cases known in the literature. Then, the main scattering and radiation features of cavity backed patch antennas with chiral, anisotropic, and bianisotropic materials are presented. Particularly, it is shown that complex media allow for frequency control and for a reduced antenna size at a given operating frequency.     

Aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna with thick ground planein millimetre waves

The finite thickness of the ground plane is taken into account in the cavity model to analyse some aperture coupled microstrip patch antennas at millimetre-wave frequencies (60 GHz). The thickness has a strong effect on impedance matching at high frequencies owing to the ratio between the thickness and the wavelength, which increases with frequency. The calculated results are compared to those obtained by experiment for several antennas with different input impedances due to different slot lengths. Close agreement is found between the calculated and experimental results     

有限元法与矩量法结合分析背腔天线的辐射特性

采用有限元法与矩量法相结合分析有限导体面上背腔天线的辐射特性。计算中采用一种有效的积分方程及矢量权函数的形式来保证计算精度。在前处理中采用ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ中的实体造型技术,对目标可方便地进行离散的局部加密,计算机存储空间及计算量明显下降,使本文方法成为对背腔天线辐射总是中有效方法,文中计算了有限导体面上同轴腔及同轴馈电圆形腔的辐射特性,并与已发表的结果进行比较,验证了本文算法的有效性。     

Méthodes d’analyse et de synthèse de quelques “ microantennes” à large bande en mode quasi transversal électromagnétique

The transmission line model has been utilized to determine the input impedance, the bandwidth, the radiation patterns and the mutual impedance of several microstrip antennas such as the arbitrary shape patch antennas and the wideband flat dipole which is an hybrid radiating source. We suppose that the dominant mode of propagation is the quasiTem one having negligible variation of fields in the transverse direction. Nevertheless a general scattering problem of an arbitrary shaped tridimensional antenna solved by moments method and the finite difference approach applied to integral equations has explained the very large bandwidth microstrip antenna behaviour. The wideband flat dipole has been used in flat arrays, with more than several hundred of such elements, and in microstrip phased arrays with beam steering in a large angular sector.     

Radiation characteristics of cavity backed aperture antennas infinite ground plane using the hybrid FEM/MoM technique and geometricaltheory of diffraction

A technique using the hybrid finite element method (FEM)/method of moments (MoM) and geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) is presented to analyze the radiation characteristics of cavity fed aperture antennas in a finite ground plane. The cavity which excites the aperture is assumed to be fed by a cylindrical transmission line. The electromagnetic (EM) fields inside the cavity are obtained using finite element method (FEM). The EM fields and their normal derivatives required for FEM solution are obtained using: (1) the modal expansion in the feed region and (2) the MoM for the radiating aperture region (assuming an infinite ground plane). The finiteness of the ground plane is taken into account using GTD. The input admittance of open-ended circular, rectangular, and coaxial line radiating into free space through an infinite ground plane are computed and compared with earlier published results. Radiation characteristics of a coaxial cavity-fed circular aperture in a finite rectangular ground plane are verified with experimental results     

Phase shift bandwidth and scan range in microstrip arrays by the element frequency tuning

In this paper, the far-field phase shift properties of microstrip patch antennas are investigated. It is shown that, similar to reflectarrays, the resonant nature of microstrip patches can be used to change the phase of the radiated field. This phase change can be caused by the dimensional change of the microstrip patch, or by a reactive loading of its cavity such as an aperture on its ground plane. However, the available phase shift is limited by the antenna impedance bandwidth. The problem is initially investigated for conventional patch antennas, determining the available phase shift range. It is then studied for a wideband E-slot microstrip antenna, showing a considerably larger phase shift range. Then, a micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) based ground plane membrane, activated by an electrode from below, is proposed to adaptively generate and control the required phase shifts. It provides a low loss, continuously variable phase shifter that can be used at high frequencies for beam scanning in small arrays.     

Input impedance, radiation pattern, and radar cross section ofspiral antennas using FDTD

A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis of spiral antennas is performed to calculate input impedance, antenna gain, and scattering. A semicircular spiral mounted on a dielectric substrate was simulated for computing the input impedance versus frequency. The gain and scattering computations were performed on a square Archimedean spiral mounted in a ground plane with a cavity backing. Total-field FDTD calculations are used to compute the impedance and gain patterns, while a specially modified scattered-field approach for aperture antennas in infinite ground planes is used for the scattering results. Comparisons are made with published impedance measurements and gain and scattering calculations done with a finite element method. Good results were obtained for impedance, radiation, and scattering