粉体制备对0-3型复合材料压电性能的影响

以氧氯化锆、二氧化钛、醋酸铅为原料,用固相合成法制备出锆钛酸铅粉体。部分粉体经压片后烧结成陶瓷片,再经机械粉碎成粉;将两种粉体分别以一定比例与聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)进行复合,所得材料经极化后可得复合压电材料。材料的压电性能测试表明:使用直接合成的陶瓷粉体制备的复合材料的性能远优于用陶瓷片粉碎后所得的复合材料。     

现代电子技术中的压电复合减震材料技术

首次将压电陶瓷粉体应用于减震沥青，提高了原有材料的减震性能．为压电陶瓷的应用开辟了一个新的领域。     

微波-水热法合成PZT粉体的研究

叙述了微波-水热法在制备电子陶瓷粉体中的应用,设计制造出基本满足使用要求的微波-水热反应釜,设计出微波-水热法制PZT压电陶瓷粉体的实验方案。制备了结晶完好、粒径分布均匀、平均粒径为2 ?m的PZT压电陶瓷粉体。     

低声阻抗0—3型PZT/PT/PVDF压电复合材料的研制

压电陶瓷材料的高声阻抗制约着其在水听器和超声成像方面的应用。为了对压电陶瓷材料的声阻抗和声速进行调节,本研究以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)及钛酸铅(PT)和锆钛酸铅(PZT)压电陶瓷粉体为原料,经过流延、热压等工艺制得了4种含有不同量PT及PZT的0—3型PZT/PT/PVDF压电复合材料。研究了所制压电复合材料的声学、压电和介电性能。结果表明:所制压电复合材料的声阻抗均小于140 MPa.s/m,最优压电应变常数d33达43 pC/N,相对介电常数为185～210,介质损耗约为2×10–2。     

铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷性能的研究

为制备具有良好压电特性的环境友好型无铅压电陶瓷,采用固相合成法合成了铌酸钾钠(KNN)无铅压电陶瓷粉体,以常压烧结法烧结了陶瓷,研究了不同粉体的烧结特性,并研究了陶瓷粉体的成分、烧结温度、极化电压对陶瓷压电性能的影响.利用XRD测定了陶瓷粉体的晶相组成,并用SEM观察了所烧结陶瓷的微观结构.XRD结果表明用固相法合成了KNN无铅压电粉体,实验表明钾的含量降低了陶瓷粉体的烧结性,钾钠含量约为1:1时具有较大的压电性,极化电压为2 000 V/mm有较好的极化效果.     

压电俘能器研究现状及新发展

压电俘能器以其微型、环保、自供能的特点在微电子设备应用领域得到广泛关注。从压电俘能器常用的压电材料出发,简单总结了目前应用最广泛的压电陶瓷PZT、压电复合材料PVDF、1-3型压电纤维复合材料的性能和制备方法;阐述了压电俘能器的结构设计,在此基础上从提高压电能量俘获的效率和功率的角度重点介绍了接口电路的类型和俘获能量的效果,总结了压电俘能技术未来的研究趋势和方向。     

1-3型压电复合材料设计分析

1-3复合材料作为敏感元件已经被广为研究,但作为一种激励元件的研究极为有限。利用有限元原理研究一种1-3型压电复合材料。这种材料中,PZT-5H压电陶瓷作为单元支梁,聚合物作为这种压电陶瓷周围的填充基体。通过改变PZT-5H在这种材料中的体积比率,再经过谐响应分析,可以得到一种具有最高的机电耦合特性的结构。为了简化有限元建模的复杂程度和缩短计算时间,将这种1-3型复合材料等价为单一相的材料,并加以验证。这种新型的1-3型压电复合材料作为前沿技术可以用在半导体封装领域键合机的换能器上。     

多元纳米压敏陶瓷粉体的sol-gel合成与表征

为了避免单体纳米粉体的易团聚、难以分散混合均匀的缺点,为了避免化学共沉淀方法中微量添加剂易流失、成分难以精确控制的缺点,本文设计采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备多元纳米压敏陶瓷粉体材料。通过用溶胶-凝胶方法制备多元纳米压敏陶瓷粉体的研究和对多元纳米压敏陶瓷粉体的表征,得到以下主要结果:用金属醇盐和无机盐为原料,经过醇解和水解反应,形成溶胶,经过胶凝以及热分解制备多元纳米压敏陶瓷粉体的工艺技术路线是可行的。通过工艺控制可以得到粒子形状为近似球形,粒度分布范围窄,成分均匀分布、平均粒径为20 nm的多元纳米压敏陶瓷粉体。与传统方法制备的多元微米压敏陶瓷粉体相比较,多元纳米压敏陶瓷粉体的比表面积为334 m2/g,是多元微米压敏粉体比表面积的37.4倍。     

1-3型压电复合材料及其应用

1-3型压电复合材料是一种新型的结构压电材料,它具有普通压电材料(如单晶、陶瓷或聚合物)无法同时实现的强机电耦合和低声阻抗特性。对1-3型压电复合材料的性能、制作工艺、有关的理论及应用作了简述。     

3-2型压电复合材料参数对厚度振动模的影响

3-2型压电复合材料在水声换能器应用中主要工作于厚度振动模态。应用切割填充法制备了四种3-2型压电复合材料,并通过改变复合材料中压电陶瓷的体积分数,实验测得了四种3-2型压电复合材料厚度谐振频率随体积分数增加而升高的速率,并分析了不同压电陶瓷与环氧树脂对样品厚度谐振频率变化率的影响。同时分析了复合材料反对称体振动模与厚度振动模的耦合,并提出了避免这种耦合的方法。     

Ultra-Damping Composites Enhanced by Yolk–Shell Piezoelectric Damping Mechanism

High-performance damping materials are significant toward reducing vibration and maintaining stability for industrial applications. Herein, a yolk–shell piezoelectric damping mechanism is reported, which can enhance mechanical energy dissipation and improve damping capability. With the addition of yolk–shell particles and carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive network, damping properties of various resin matrices are enhanced with the energy dissipation path of mechanical to electrical to heat energy. Particularly, the peak loss factor of epoxy composites reaches 1.91 and tan δ area increases by 25.72% at 20 °C. The results prove the general applicability of yolk–shell piezoelectric damping mechanism. Besides, the novel damping materials also exhibit excellent flexibility, stretchability, and resilience, offering a promising application toward damping coating, indicating broad scope of application in transportation and sophisticated electronics, etc.     

Optimization and implementation of multimode piezoelectric shuntdamping systems

Piezoelectric transducer (PZT) patches can be attached to a structure in order to reduce vibration. The PZT patches essentially convert vibrational mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy can be dissipated via an electrical impedance. Currently, impedance designs require experimental tuning of resistive circuit elements to provide optimal performance. A systematic method is presented for determining the resistance values by minimizing the H₂ norm of the damped system. After the design process, shunt circuits are normally implemented using discrete resistors, virtual inductors and Riordian gyrators. The difficulty in constructing the shunt circuits and achieving reasonable performance has been an ongoing and unaddressed problem in shunt damping. A new approach to implementing piezoelectric shunt circuits is presented. A synthetic impedance, consisting of a voltage controlled current source and a digital signal processor system, is used to synthesize the terminal impedance of a shunt network. A two-mode shunt circuit is designed and implemented for an experimental simply supported beam. The second and third structural modes of the beam are reduced in magnitude by 22 and 18 dB     

T型压电变摩擦阻尼器性能试验与分析

结合压电陶瓷驱动器和T型金属摩擦阻尼器的特点，提出了T型压电变摩擦阻尼器及其三种阻尼力模型。其次，设计并制作了最大阻尼力450N、阻尼力可调倍数2．5～3倍的T型压电变摩擦阻尼器模型，并进行了可调阻尼力性能实验，得到了输入电压分别为常电压、位移和速度相关形变电压的阻尼力滞回曲线，试验结果与理论分析较吻合。     

防静电工作表面：发展和历史（五）

提供静电放电能力的另一个材料途径是在塑料材料中混入导电填充物。早在二战时期，德国潜艇使用导电炭填充橡胶覆盖其通气管来躲避雷达探测。导电炭黑改变了橡胶的特性，可以有效地对付当时最先进的500MHz频率探测。导电填充物的使用也应用到静电放电应用中。控制静电的进一步努力在20世纪50年代后期和60年代初被报道，     

Performance Enhancement of Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator via Doping and Rational 3D Structure Design For Self‐Powered Mechanosensational System

With the rapid development of the Internet of things (IoT), flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) have attracted extensive attention for harvesting environmental mechanical energy to power electronics and nanosystems. Herein, porous piezoelectric fillers with samarium/titanium‐doped BiFeO₃ (BFO) are prepared by a freeze‐drying method, and then silicone rubber is filled into the microvoids of the piezoelectric ceramics, forming a unique structure based on silicone rubber matrix with uniformly distributed piezoelectric ceramic. When subjected to external force stimulation, compared with conventional piezocomposite films found on undoped BFO without a porous structure, the PENG possesses higher stress transfer ability and thus boosts output performance. The notable enhancement in the stress transfer ability and piezoelectric potential is proven by COMSOL simulations. The PENG can exhibit a maximum open‐circuit voltage (V_oc) of 16 V and short‐circuit current (I_sc) of 2.8 µA, which is 5.3 and 5.6 times higher than those of conventional piezocomposite films, respectively. The PENG can be used as a triggering signal to control the operation of fire extinguishers and household appliances. This work not only expands the application scope of lead‐free piezoelectric ceramic for energy harvesting, but also provides a novel solution for self‐powered mechanosensation and shows great potential application in IoT.     

On low-frequency electric power generation with PZT ceramics

Piezoelectric materials have long been used as sensors and actuators, however their use as electrical generators is less established. A piezoelectric power generator has great potential for some remote applications such as in vivo sensors, embedded MEMS devices, and distributed networking. Such materials are capable of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, but developing piezoelectric generators is challenging because of their poor source characteristics (high voltage, low current, high impedance) and relatively low power output. In the past these challenges have limited the development and application of piezoelectric generators, but the recent advent of extremely low power electrical and mechanical devices (e.g., MEMS) make such generators attractive. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of piezoelectric power generation that is verified with simulation and experimental results. Several important considerations in designing such generators are explored, including parameter identification, load matching, form factors, efficiency, longevity, energy conversion and energy storage. Finally, an application of this analysis is presented where electrical energy is generated inside a prototype Total Knee Replacement (TKR) implant.     

Photopiezoelectric induction of resonant acoustic waves in semi-insulating gallium arsenide single crystals

The effect of resonant acoustic wave excitation in semi-insulating gallium-arsenide single crystals is investigated by means of light pulses. The peak amplitude of excited elastic oscillations is observed in a temperature range, where small values of the internal friction and electrical conductivity of the semiconductor take place simultaneously. The effect is related to the inverse piezoelectric conversion of the bulk-photovoltage energy into the mechanical deformation of the semiconductor crystal. The results of the investigations can be used for designing semiconductor photodetectors with high modulation-frequency selectivity.     

Hierarchically Interconnected Piezoceramic Textile with a Balanced Performance in Piezoelectricity,Flexibility, Toughness,and Air Permeability

Softening of piezoelectric materials facilitates the development of flexible wearables and energy harvesting devices. However, as one of the most competitive candidates, piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composites inevitably exhibit reduced power-generation capability and weak mechanical strength due to the mismatch of strength and permittivity between the two phases inside. Herein a flexible, air-permeable, and high-performance piezoceramic textile composite with a mechanically reinforced hierarchical porous structure is introduced. Based on a template-assisted sol-gel method, a three-order hierarchical ceramic textile is constructed by intertwining submillimeter-scale multi-ply ceramic fibers that are further formed by twisting micrometer-scale one-ply ceramic fibrils. Theoretical analysis indicates that large mechanical stress can be easily induced in the multi-order hierarchical structure, which greatly benefits the electrical output. Fabricated samples generate an open-circuit voltage of 128 V, a short-circuit current of 120 µA, and an instantaneous power density of 0.75 mW cm⁻², much higher than the previously reported works. The developed multi-order and 3D-interconnected piezoceramic textile shows satisfactory piezoelectricity (d₃₃ of 190 pm V⁻¹), air permeability (45.1 mm s⁻¹), flexibility (Young's modulus of 0.35 GPa), and toughness (0.125 MJ m⁻³), collectively. The design strategy of obtaining balanced properties promotes the practicality of smart/functional materials in wearables and flexible electronics.     

High‐Temperature BiScO3‐PbTiO3 Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester

Conventionally, effective mechanical vibration energy harvesting is based on (Pb,Zr)TiO₃ (PZT) ceramics, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymers or PVDF/PZT or other piezoelectric composite materials, and their working temperature is normally limited to room temperature (R‐T) or below 150 °C. Here, bismuth scandium lead titanate (BiScO₃‐PbTiO₃, abbreviated as BSPT) ceramic is reported which has a high Curie temperature point around 450 °C and its application for high‐temperature (H‐T) vibration energy harvesting. Experimental results show that it exhibits an excellent H‐T piezoelectricity, converting mechanical vibration energy into electric power effectively in a wide temperature range from R‐T till 250 °C. This research shows the BSPT piezoelectric energy harvester having the potential application for self‐power source of wireless sensor network system in high temperature circumstance.     

碳黑用量对硅橡胶压阻材料性能的影响

以高导电纳米碳黑为导电填料,甲基乙烯基硅橡胶为基材,制备出了硅橡胶压阻材料,并对其电性能和力学性能进行了表征。研究了碳黑用量对硅橡胶压阻材料电性能、压缩应力松弛性能以及电阻蠕变性能的影响。结果表明,碳黑用量对硅橡胶压阻材料的性能影响很大。当碳黑用量为质量分数14%~16%时,所制得的硅橡胶压阻材料性能优良,在反复加载20次的过程中,其压阻曲线的重复性很好,这为其下一步的器件化提供了可能。