激光对潜通信系统探测信号动态范围自适应调节

文中讨论了激光对潜通信光信道各种介质对冲激光能量传递的影响,给出了能量方程和信道介质对脉冲激光能量传递的衰减值范围。研究了光电倍增管的增益变化特性,据此设计出了一种实用的激光探测信号动态范围自适应调节系统,该系统自动调节范围可达10^4,能满足激光对潜通信系统在不同天气、不同海况及不同海域等条件下的应用。     

机载激光测深光电倍增管变增益探测方法

对机载激光探测海水深度的大动态范围信号,提出了使用光电倍增管变增益探测方法来压缩其动态范围。给出了GDB333,GDB49,R1333光电倍增管增益控制特性,压缩信号动态范围达2.5×104倍,满足了机载激光测深系统的要求。使用光电倍增管变增益探测方法探测到的海底回波,也在文中进行了报道。     

机载激光测深系统中回波信号大动态范围的偏振压缩

采用偏振检测方法 ,对机载激光测深实验系统接收到的大动态范围的水下目标反射的激光回波信号的压缩进行了实验研究。结果表明 ,偏振检测方法能压缩激光回波信号的动态范围至少达一个数量级 ,对水下的激光后向散射有较强的抑制作用 ;对探测水下目标反射的激光回波信号的影响不大。     

浑浊水体激光后向散射特性仿真与实验研究

由于水体的吸收和散射作用,光束能量在传播的过程中会产生衰减,激光脉冲会被展宽,制约着水下激光雷达的探测范围和探测精度。文中以浑浊水体环境下水下弱小目标探测为应用背景,建立了水下光子传播的蒙特卡洛仿真模型,模拟了不同衰减系数和散射率的水体后向散射回波信号,并对相应的水体后向散射回波信号变化趋势进行了分析。仿真结果表明：随水体衰减系数的增加,近场水体激光回波信号接收光子数逐渐增多;随水体散射率的增加,回波信号光子消亡速度逐渐降低。开展了不同浊度下的激光雷达回波信号的测试实验,实验结果表明：随水体衰减系数的增加,水体激光后向散射回波幅度逐渐增高,脉冲宽度逐渐展宽。在进行浑浊水体水下弱小目标探测时,随水体衰减系数的增加,应通过逐渐减小激光器能量或接收系统增益来增强水体回波与目标回波之间的差异,以此提高浑浊水体水下弱小目标探测的信噪比。实验验证了理论与仿真结果,为浑浊水体环境下水下弱小目标激光探测系统在不同水质下的激光能量选取、接收系统增益设计等提供理论支撑。     

大动态能量自适应蓝/绿激光探测方法

针对水下无线光通信链路中近距功率饱和与远距功率不足导致的光信号采集失效的难题,提出一种大动态能量自适应蓝/绿激光探测方法。该方法在水下无线光通信系统中加入由电控液晶光阀、可调增益光电倍增管及FPGA板卡组成的增益可控探测模块,该模块在链路功率和探测器增益两个维度对通信链路形成闭环调控,以保证光电倍增管始终工作在最优状态,从而实现水下远距离、高速、大动态范围无线光通信。     

水下激光距离选通成像系统的模型与极限探测性能研究

为了改善现有水下激光距离选通成像建模方法在收发时序和器件特性方面的不足,提出了一种改进的系统模型。该模型以一维(1D)方波信号为研究对象,通过计算该信号的输出信噪比来评价成像系统的性能。模型考虑了水下激光脉冲的时域展宽和增强型电荷耦合装置(ICCD)的增益噪声特性以对现有模型的不足进行改进。通过模拟计算与实际水下激光距离选通成像系统所采集的图像相对比的方法验证了模型正确性,又通过对系统在不同水质下极限探测距离的仿真计算表明距离选通技术对人形暗目标的探测、识别和认清距离达到了9,7.5和7个衰减长度,从而证明了距离选通技术能够有效探测劣质水况下的中小目标。     

大动态范围激光雷达时刻鉴别电路设计

在激光雷达系统中,受限于被测目标距离及反射特性的变化,回波信号的峰值动态范围大,导致由恒比定时鉴别电路确定的回波到达时刻波动较大,产生的行走误差影响了系统的测距精度和测量范围。设计了一种带自适应增益控制的恒比定时鉴别电路,基于回波信号水平快速自动调节放大电路的增益,可适应较大动态范围下的目标测量。实验结果表明,采用自动增益与恒比鉴别电路相结合的方法设计的激光雷达时刻鉴别电路,可以基于回波信号水平在25ns的时间范围内实现放大电路增益的自适应调节;当输入信号上升时间为3ns、电压动态范围为29dB时,利用增益的自动控制可以将回波信号的动态范围降低至9dB,将回波时刻鉴别误差控制在0.42ns内,有效减小了测距系统的行走误差。     

一种低噪声微弱信号调理电路设计

水下主动声纳探测系统是通过发射换能器发射主动声信号,水听器检测回波信号完成目标探测和方位估计等任务。由于水听器输出信号微弱,易被复杂的海洋环境噪声干扰不能直接用于后续采集电路,要求信号调理电路具有高增益并且自噪声远低于水听器输出信号。而且主动声呐工作在近距离时,水听器接收到的混响信号远高于目标的回波信号,水听器接收到的信号动态范围大。本文提出的一种低噪声微弱信号调理电路,是一种低噪声、高增益、大动态范围、高一致性的信号调理电路。     

水下无线光通信系统中可变增益放大器的实现

为了减小水下无线光通信系统中接收信号的动态范围,采用可变增益放大器,论述了基于数字模拟转换器和数字电位器实现可控增益的两种方法,并对基于数字电位器实现的方法进行了仿真实验.结果表明,该方法能有效压缩信号的动态范围,并使其趋于稳定.     

基于光电倍增管的自动增益控制技术研究

为了压缩水下无线光通信系统中接收光信号的动态范围、提高有效通信距离,从自动增益控制技术的基础理论入手,利用光电倍增管增益可随工作电压改变的特性,设计出基于光电倍增管实现的自动增益控制电路,其数字控制部分以单片机为核心,并在空气中模拟水下实验。结果表明,该电路可以对接收光信号实现40dB的压缩,提高了水下无线光通信的有效范围。     

被动调Q腔内单共振光参变振荡器和Cr4+:YAG激光器

分析了以Cr4+:YAG作为饱和吸收体和激光增益介质的被动Q开关Cr4+:YAG激光器腔内抽运的Cr4+:YAG激光器和单共振光学参变振荡器(SRO)的特性.建立了描述这类激光器和单共振光学参变振荡器的动力学特性的速率方程.结果表明,适当条件下作为激光增益介质的Cr4+:YAG同时具有对二阶非线性作用过程产生的处于Cr4+:YAG激光增益谱范围内的SRO信号波的放大作用.分析中考虑了Cr4+:YAG较高激发态和激光上能级之间的弛豫时间约为100ns的中间能级对Cr4+:YAG饱和吸收体和激光器以及ICSRO的影响.     

A 0.18 μm CMOS linear-in-dB AGC post-amplifier for optical communications

This paper presents a fully integrated 10GBase-LX4 Ethernet receiver front-end automatic gain control amplifier realized in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. Based on a very compact and reliable inductorless design, the proposed differential post-amplifier, comprises three main digitally programmable gain stages, a DC offset cancellation network and an automatic gain feedback control loop. Experimental results demonstrate a −3 dB cut-off frequency above 2.3 GHz over a −3 to 33 dB linear-in-dB controlled gain range with a sensitivity of 2.0 mV_p-p with a BER of 10⁻¹² at 2.5 Gb/s. For the aforementioned standard, 3.125 Gb/s, an input dynamic range above 50 dB is achieved, from 2.5 mV_p-p to 800 mV_p-p, indicating a BER of 10⁻¹². The chip core area is 0.3 × 0.3 mm² and it consumes 58 mW with a single supply voltage of 1.8 V.     

A Highly Sensitive Multi-element HgCdTe e-APD Detector for IPDA Lidar Applications

An HgCdTe electron avalanche photodiode (e-APD) detector has been developed for lidar receivers, one application of which is integrated path differential absorption lidar measurements of such atmospheric trace gases as CO₂ and CH₄. The HgCdTe APD has a wide, visible to mid-wave-infrared, spectral response, high dynamic range, substantially improved sensitivity, and an expected improvement in operational lifetime. A demonstration sensor-chip assembly consisting of a 4.3 μm cutoff HgCdTe 4 × 4 APD detector array with 80 μm pitch pixels and a custom complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor readout integrated circuit was developed. For one typical array the APD gain was 654 at 12 V with corresponding gain normalized dark currents ranging from 1.2 fA to 3.2 fA. The 4 × 4 detector system was characterized at 77 K with a 1.55 μm wavelength, 1 μs wide, laser pulse. The measured unit gain detector photon conversion efficiency was 91.1%. At 11 V bias the mean measured APD gain at 77 K was 307.8 with σ/mean uniformity of 1.23%. The average, noise-bandwidth normalized, system noise-equivalent power (NEP) was 1.04 fW/Hz^1/2 with a σ/mean of 3.8%. The measured, electronics-limited, bandwidth of 6.8 MHz was more than adequate for 1 μs pulse detection. The system had an NEP (3 MHz) of 0.4 fW/Hz^1/2 at 12 V APD bias and a linear dynamic range close to 1000. A gain-independent quantum-limited SNR of 80% of full theoretical was indicative of a gain-independent excess noise factor very close to 1.0 and the expected APD mode quantum efficiency.     

A near-infrared methane detection system using a 1.654 µm wavelength-modulated diode laser

By adopting a distributed feedback laser (DFBL) centered at 1.654 µm, a near-infrared (NIR) methane (CH4) detection system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is experimentally demonstrated. A laser temperature control as well as wavelength modulation module is developed to control the laser’s operation temperature. The laser’s temperature fluctuation can be limited within the range of ?0.02—0.02 °C, and the laser’s emitting wavelength varies linearly with the temperature and injection current. An open reflective gas sensing probe is realized to double the absorption optical path length from 0.2 m to 0.4 m. Within the detection range of 0—0.01, gas detection experiments were conducted to derive the relation between harmonic amplitude and gas concentration. Based on the Allan deviation at an integral time of 1 s, the limit of detection (LoD) is decided to be 2.952×10-5 with a path length of 0.4 m, indicating a minimum detectable column density of ~1.2×10-5 m. Compared with our previously reported NIR CH4 detection system, this system exhibits some improvement in both optical and electrical structures, including the analogue temperature controller with less software consumption, simple and reliable open reflective sensing probe.     

全固态激光器的数字式光反馈控制驱动电源

介绍一种采用单片机控制的连续运转无制冷、数字式光反馈稳功率全固态激光器驱动电源,其输出光功率在10mW左右,系统包括恒流源、保护电路、脉宽调制、光电池检测放大电路和高速单片机控制系统等部分,基于光电池检测LD光功率输出的非线性控制曲线产生的误差变化,将特性曲线利用软件的窗口控制算法实现区域控制,进而有效地对LD工作电流进行PID稳态控制和光功率参数显示,结合硬件及软件,实现了激光二极管的可靠保护以及光功率稳定、准确输出及在稳光输出情况下,实现激光器的内外调制输出。     

A 20-Gb/s wideband AGC amplifier with 26-dB dynamic range in 0.18-μm SiGe BiCMOS

This paper presents a 20-Gb/s automatic gain control (AGC) amplifier in a 0.18-μm SiGe BiCMOS for high-speed applications. The proposed AGC amplifier compactly consists of a folded Gilbert variable-gain amplifier (VGA), a post amplifier (PA), a 50-Ω output buffer, and AGC loop including an open-loop peak detector (PD), a RC low-pass filter (LPF), and an error amplifier (EA). The AGC amplifier achieves the broadband characteristic by utilizing inductive peaking and capacitive degeneration as well as f_T-doubler techniques to overcome the large parasitic capacitances. The proposed AGC circuits together with a linear VGA exhibits a wide gain control range of 45 dB for the received signal strength indication (RSSI). The measured AGC amplifier achieves a maximum gain of 21 dB and a -3-dB bandwidth (BW) of 20.6 GHz, which can support up to 25.4-Gb/s data rate. For the pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) length 2³¹–1 with a bit-error rate (BER) of 10⁻¹² at 20 Gb/s, the measured input dynamic range is 26 dB (20–400mV_pp) and the peak-to-peak data jitter is less than 8 ps. The AGC amplifier consumes a power of 160 mW from a 3.3-V supply voltage and occupies an area of 850 μm × 850 μm.     

一种应用于高精度脉冲激光测距的自动增益控制方法

对高精度脉冲激光测距仪而言,引入自动增益控制技术可以在保证测距精度的前提下极大地扩展接收系统的动态范围。本文分析并讨论了激光测距仪回波接收系统中增益调整的手段,在此基础上给出了高精度测距条件下增益控制的范围,提出了一种根据实时测量的噪声和信号幅度动态调整接收系统增益的自动增益控制方法。实验结果表明,含有自动增益控制的回波接收系统可以自适应于回波功率的变化,在宽动态范围内保证高精度测距。     

校正半导体激光束像散的波像差方法

利用波像差方法研究半导体激光束的传输变换特性,推导出用于校正半导体激光束像散的柱面透镜的正确设计公式。     

气动CO2激光器小信号增益的实验研究

用放大法测量了分别在甲苯和乙醇两种液体燃烧驱动下气动CO2激光器的小信号增益系数。实验发现,用甲苯作为燃料时激光器的平均小信号增益系数可达0.62m-1,远远高于乙醇作燃料时的小信号增益系数。结合甲苯和乙醇分别与空气燃烧后产物组分的配比,对实验结果进行了分析,得出甲苯是燃烧驱动气动CO2激光器的一种比较理想的燃料。