超宽带脉冲波形的收发特性分析

采用时域电场积分方程和互易原理相结合的方法,探讨了已知接收信号的情况下,脉冲发送信号的波形,并研究了视距和非视距两种传播路径对脉冲收发信号的影响.在分析中,脉冲波形和天线几何形状可以任意.分别以蝴蝶形天线和超宽带槽式天线为例,并将计算结果与已知接收脉冲信号进行了比较.它们之间良好的一致性说明了所提方法的正确性和有效性.     

一种超宽带天线的辐射特性分析

超宽带系统一般采用超宽带短脉冲信号,因而其天线系统也必须为宽带的。给出了一种新型的超宽带天线,该天线为置于镜像面上且具有离散指数电阻加载的单偶极子。通过时域有限差分法分析了电阻加载对天线辐射性能和波形的影响。计算结果表明,通过选择一定的电阻加载形式,可以消除由于天线未端阻抗不匹配而引起的二次反射,使天线具有较好的辐射波形和一定的带宽,从而能够满足实际超宽带系统的需要。     

超宽带天线辐射信号失真分析

超宽带信号在辐射过程中存在信号失真,会导致系统性能的下降.以电偶极子天线、线天线和椭圆超宽带天线为研究对象,从理论上分析了信号失真的原因,进一步从传输函数的角度预测了辐射信号的波形,仿真结果证明了结果的正确性;指出了仅依靠辐射信号波形选择基准信号的不足,分析了同一个天线的保真度随信号变化的原因.     

用于超短脉冲辐射和接收的新型平面集成天线辐射元

研制出一种用于超宽带短脉冲辐射和接收的新型平面集成超宽带（UWB）天线辐射元，该天线辐射元采用共面波导到槽线的宽带过滤方式馈电，超短脉冲辐射和接收的实验结果显示了其高保真宽带及高增益、高效率的特性。     

基于GaAs光电导开关的超宽带微波源

报道了用飞秒激光脉冲触发GaAs光电导开关产生超短电磁脉冲辐射超宽带电磁波的实验结果,分析了超短电脉冲串经宽带天线的辐射特性.在接收端获得了上升时间200ps、脉冲宽度500ps、重复频率82MHz的超短电脉冲串和经宽带天线辐射的超宽带电磁波波形,其电磁波频谱覆盖4.7MHz～14GHz.     

两种宽缝超宽带天线的脉冲波形保真度比较

设计了两种小型宽缝结构超宽带天线,一种采用接地CPW馈电方式,另一种采用带状线馈电方式。结果表明这两种天线都有较宽的阻抗带宽。分析了两种天线的特性参数,并比较两种天线的增益和辐射特性,给出两种天线在远区场的脉冲波形比较,并得出不同天线结构对脉冲波形的保真度的影响,这对实际超宽带脉冲天线的设计与应用意义重大。     

采用矢量网络分析的超宽带脉冲传播特性测量方法

介绍了一种采用矢量网络分析对超宽带脉冲传播特性进行测量的方法。首先通过测 量,得到收发天线之间环路的频域响应;然后设计合适的激励脉冲波形,通过傅里叶变换至 频域,经过一系列算法处理,得到接收信号的频域函数;最后经过傅里叶逆变换,恢复出超 宽带信号时域波形。研究了这种方法的基本流程,解决了实际应用中存在的一些问题,并在 此基础上构建了测试系统。对超宽带信号的直线传播和反射进行了测试,测试结果验证了该 方法的有效性及其优势。     

TEM喇叭天线设计与实验

设计了一种带有机玻璃天线罩的地平板结构横电磁波(TEM)喇叭接收天线,通过对馈入结构和辐射特性的理论分析初步确定关键结构尺寸,然后利用CST建立天线真实模型,完成相关结构参数的仿真优化,实现了快脉冲的较小馈入反射,时频特性良好。最后的天线测试结果表明,该TEM喇叭天线输入阻抗56 Ω,有效高度0.024 m,传递函数在3 GHz以内保持稳定,具备较好的时域保真度和馈入反射特性,适于作为超宽带接收天线。     

基于脉冲形成网络的超宽带脉冲产生与设计

分析了超宽带天线对冲击脉冲波形的要求.利用阶跃恢复二极管和微带传输线.通过延迟的方法设计并制作了超宽带双极脉冲发生器.根据超宽带脉冲发生器产生的脉冲参数,通过理论分析和时域有限差分法(FDTD)仿真,给出了一种微带脉冲形成网络的设计方法,并利用该方法成功地产生了纳秒级宽度的双极性超宽带窄脉冲信号.测量结果表明:经过脉冲形成网络产生的信号具有良好的波形,且拖尾振荡小,有利于提高天线的辐射效率.     

超宽带信道的频率色散特性对脉冲波形的影响

采用幂形式衰减模型和建立的抛物线型非线性相位模型分别研究了超宽带脉冲信号在频域中发生的幅度失真和相位失真,分析了超宽带信道的频率色散特性对脉冲信号波形产生的影响。仿真结果表明,传播信道中物体的边缘折射产生的频率依赖特性较强,引起的脉冲幅度失真较大;收发天线较小的非线性相位响应,也会导致较大的波形畸变。因此,在实际的超宽带信道建模时应根据实际环境考虑超宽带信道的频率色散特性。     

MIMO-OFDM系统同步器的硬件结构设计

由于在MIMO-OFDM系统中有多个发射和接收天线，并且每个接收天线都能接收到所有发射天线的信号，当各个收发天线之问的子信道延迟不同时，在每个接收天线端的帧同步检测就会受到其他天线发射同步信号的干扰。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种MIMO-OFDM系统的帧同步的设计方法及相应同步器的硬件结构设计。该同步单元可以实现时域和频域的同步，其中时域的同步是通过一组ZCZ码的匹配滤波器实现的，而频域的同步是通过同步帧的训练符号实现的。并且在Altera＇s公司的FPGA开发板上实现了同步器的硬件设计。     

Considerations for source pulses and antennas in UWB radio systems

This paper addresses two vital design considerations in ultrawide-band radio systems. One is that radiated power density spectrum shaping must comply with certain emission limit mask for coexistence with other electronic systems. Another is that the design of source pulses and transmitting/receiving antennas should be optimal for the performance of overall systems. The design of source pulses and transmitting/receiving antennas under the two considerations is discussed. First, the characteristics of transmitting/receiving antenna systems are described by a system transfer function. Then, the design of source pulses and transmitting antennas are studied based on the considerations for emission limits. Finally, the design of transmitting and receiving antennas are investigated in terms of pulse fidelity and system transmission efficiency. In the studies, thin wire dipoles with narrow bandwidths and planar dipoles with broad bandwidths are exemplified.     

Time domain sensors for radiated impulsive measurements

Discussion of various sensors and radiators commonly used for time domain antenna measurements is presented. The sensors and radiators discussed here are passive and analog devices which convert the electromagnetic quantity of interest to a voltage or current at their terminal ports. Moreover they are primary standards in the sense that their transfer functions can be calculated from their geometries and are flat (constant) across a wide frequency range. One of the major requirements for these sensors and radiators is that the electromagnetic far field, transmitted or received, is a replica or high fidelity derivative of the original pulse. Note that the transmitting transfer function of an antenna is proportional to the time derivative of the receiving transfer function of the same antenna, which follows from the reciprocity theorem. For electric field strength measurements, linear antennas loaded nonuniformly and continuously with resistance, or with both resistance and capacitance are discussed. Also, a conical antenna and an asymptotic conical antenna are discussed from the standpoint of improved characteristics. For an improved directivity, various types of transverse electromagnetic (TEM) horns are considered, e.g., a conducting TEM horn, and a resistively loaded TEM horn.     

Novel method of UWB antenna optimization for specified input signal forms by means of genetic algorithm

A novel optimization procedure for the design of antennas for ultrawideband (UWB) wireless communication systems is presented. The optimization is based on the time-domain characteristics of the antenna. The optimization procedure was applied to a simplified version of the volcano smoke antenna proposed by Kraus. However, any other type of UWB antenna can be treated with the same technique. Our optimization procedure aims at finding an antenna not only with low VSWR but also a low-dispersion one which will ensure high correlation between the time-domain transmitting antenna input signal and the receiving antenna output signal. In pulse communications systems, usually an input signal form suited to a particular purpose is used. Hence, we strive to design the best antenna for a given input signal form. The optimization technique adopted here makes use of genetic algorithm (GA) search concepts. The electromagnetic analysis of the antenna is done by means of a finite-difference time-domain method using the commercially available CST Microwave Studio software.     

RESSAC: a new airborne FM/CW radar ocean wave spectrometer

The RESSAC radar system, used from aircraft platforms for measuring directional spectra of ocean waves in the gravity domain (wavelengths from 30 to 400 m), is presented. The instrument consists of a C-band (5.35-GHz) FM/CW radar system. The transmitting and receiving antennas look toward the surface at a low incidence angle (≈14° for the center of the antenna beam) and rotate around a vertical axis. When the data are processed, the known antenna gain pattern is removed from the recorded signal, making it possible to estimate the sea surface slope variance, which in turn is used to determine the tilt modulation transfer function, without the need of any external wind measurement. Fully normalized spectra obtained from RESSAC are compared to other data sets     

Antenna pulsewidth distortion paradox explained

A paradox of why there can be no pulsewidth distortion for an antenna array which is receiving or transmitting a wide-bandwidth chirp waveform is presented and explained. When a very narrow pulse is received at an off-boresite angle by an antenna array using phase steering, the pulse becomes distorted, that is, dispersed. The pulsewidth spreading is equal to the difference in the times of arrival of the pulse at the opposite ends of the antenna. However, if a wideband chirp waveform instead is incident on the antenna, no dispersion can be made to occur if the antenna is resteered toward the signal source during the time the chirp waveform is being received. The steering prevents frequency scanning of the antenna beam because of the changing carrier frequency of the linear FM chirp waveform. This represents a paradox because the dispersion still exists over the antenna. The author explains why the chirp signal is received undistorted at the output of the antenna in spite of the dispersion     

大规模MIMO系统中收发联合阈值天线选择算法

在大规模多输入多输出(massive MIMO)系统中使用天线选择算法可提高能效和系统吞吐量,然而适用于传统MIMO系统的天线选择算法具有高复杂度,很难用于massive MIMO系统。为优化天线选择算法,以算法复杂度和系统容量为优化目标,提出了收发联合阈值天线选择算法。该算法在发射端使用最大范数双向天线选择算法进行天线选择,在接收端使用分组maxvol算法并通过仿真实验结果的预设阈值进行天线选择。仿真实验表明,收发联合阈值天线选择算法在降低复杂度的同时可以提高系统容量,与递增天线选择算法相比,系统容量最多可提高52.2 bit/s/Hz。提出的天线选择算法可以满足不同天线相关度和信噪比的传输环境。     

A microstrip patch antenna as a standard transmitting and receivingantenna

The possibility of using a microstrip patch antenna as a standard transmitting or receiving antenna is discussed. The intrinsic properties of the substrate used for the antenna are determined by careful impedance measurements. Experimental results indicate that the transmitting characteristics of a microstrip antenna can be theoretically determined from its geometry. The microstrip patch antenna discussed is physically small (20-cm² for 450 MHz) and can be well matched to a 50-Ω power delivery system (SWR=1.17)     

Estimating the coordinates of a moving target from the doppler data measured by forward-scatter radar systems

The feasibility of the estimation of a target’s coordinates solely from the Doppler data measured by forward-scatter radar systems (RSs) is analyzed. It is shown that the coordinates’ ambiguity is inherent in a bistatic RS with one transmitting antenna and one receiving antenna. This ambiguity is eliminated in a system with one transmitting antenna and two receiving antennas located close to each other. Algorithms for determining the target’s coordinates in this system are proposed. The accuracy of estimating the target’s coordinates is evaluated and compared to that obtained with a bistatic RS that measures the Doppler frequency and a signal’s direction of arrival.