一种MIMO时变信道下的低反馈量有限反馈预编码方法

本文提出了一种新颖的适用于MIMO时变信道环境的有限反馈预编码方法.该方法利用子空间跟踪算法自适应跟踪时变信道的发射预编码矩阵,同时结合Jacobi迭代算法有效降低了有限反馈预编码的反馈量.通过计算机仿真,该方法在ARI时变信道模型,以及更实际的Jake's时变信道模型下的跟踪性能得到很好的验证.在更低的反馈量下,该方法可以获得比传统的存在反馈延时的Grassmannian预编码方法更好的系统容量性能,而且该方法在相同的反馈量下,无论是收敛性能还是误码率性能都明显优于将Jacobi迭代算法直接应用于时变信道跟踪的预编码方法.     

短波COFDM空、时、频系统迭代检测算法

短波信道是一个复杂的时变信道,多径效应、本振频偏、多普勒频移和时变衰落都为OFDM技术的应用造成了很大困难.本文设计的COFDM短波多天线接收系统,分别采用了多天线接收,串行级联卷积码(SCCC)编码,OFDM调制,可以分别达到空间、时间和频率上面的分集,从而改善了系统的性能.采用基于期望最大化(EM)算法与MAP译码算法相结合的迭代频偏、信道跟踪和信号检测算法.可以有效地克服短波时变信道的影响.计算机仿真结果表明,本文算法随着迭代次数的增多系统性能得到优化,而且,多天线系统比单天线系统有更好频偏、信道跟踪和信号检测性能.     

OFDM系统中ICI消除方法分析

多径时变信道产生的多普勒频展会引起OFDM系统中的子载波间干扰(ICI),从而影响系统的误码率性能。针对无线移动通信环境,通过对多径时变信道的频率响应分析,从而进一步分析了子载波间干扰的原理。并对相邻数据取反自消除算法、SSC-ASIZ算法和扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法这三种抑制ICI的方法进行了比较分析,由仿真结果表明,SSC-ASIZ算法的系统误码率性能优于其他两个系统。     

MIMO-OFDM时变信道修正KALMAN跟踪

研究了在多输入多输出正交频分复用系统(MIMO-OFDM)中，时变信道的跟踪。在实际的通信系统中，接收端并不知道基站与移动台的相对运动速度，就不能得知时变信道多普勒频移的值，也就不知道时变信道构成的状态矢量的转移系数。普通的KALMAN跟踪算法，只能在假定的状态转移系数下对时变信道进行跟踪。本文提出的修正KALMAN滤波，能够同时跟踪时变信道以及时变信道构成的状态矢量的转移系数。     

基于QMCPF-IMM的强机动目标跟踪算法研究

为了提高雷达对机动目标的跟踪精度,通过融合拟蒙特卡罗思想,提出了一种适用于非线性非高斯系统的拟蒙特卡罗粒子滤波交互式多模型算法。该算法利用拟蒙特卡罗采样,克服传统算法采样粒子间隙过大、粒子层叠问题,增加交互式多模型对机动目标跟踪时的有效粒子数;通过区间估计理论,解决拟蒙特卡罗支撑区间难以计算问题,并结合核密度估计重采样,保证采样粒子的低等差异性。仿真结果表明：与交互式多模粒子滤波算法相比,改进算法可在保证滤波实时性的同时,提高跟踪精度。     

基于总体最小二乘准则的OFDM系统时变信道估计

信道估计的准确程度直接影响正交频分复用系统的性能。为了提高时变信道估计算法的精度,基于总体最小二乘准则( TLS)提出了一种时变信道的估计方法。该方法用线性模型对时变信道进行建模,不仅考虑了信道噪声,同时也兼顾了模型误差。该方法能较好地跟踪信道的变化,显著消除模型误差。仿真结果表明所提算法的均方误差介于最小二乘算法与最小均方误差算法之间,在不同归一化多普勒频移下,该算法具有较好的稳健性。     

改进的LMS半盲自适应信道均衡技术

提出了一种改进的LMS算法，使基于该算法的半盲自适应信道均衡器适用于时变信道中OFDM系统。在DVB-T信道和WSSUS信道中对该算法进行仿真，结果表明该LMS算法对选择性衰落信道和移动信道都具有很好的跟踪性能。     

快速时变信道中几种自适应信道估计算法的比较研究

主要研究了MIMO-OFDM系统中快速时变信道的信道估计问题,将3种自适应信道估计算法: RLS,QRD-RLS,IQRD-RLS,应用于快速时变信道进行比较研究,并对其进行计算机仿真。仿真结果表明,3种算法性能相似,其中,QRD-RLS和IQRD-RLS算法的收敛速度要快于RLS算法,对于实时系统而言,这两种算法的效率更高。因此,QRD-RLS和IQRD-RIS算法更适合于快速时变信道。     

基于直接判决和导频跟踪的OFDM系统快时变信道估计

提出了一种基于直接判决的OFDM系统的快时变信道估计方法。采用了直接判决算法进行信道估计，并从中选择有效的估计结果，联合导频信号进行信道跟踪。将基于训练序列的信道估计结果作为直接判决算法的初始值，利用传输信号直接判决的统计特性进行了信道估计，并利用改进的导频算法进一步地跟踪信道在时间上的变化。Simulink仿真结果表明，该估计算法适用于时变信道，比基于导频的信道估计方法和基于训练序列的信道估计方法效果都要好。     

基于EM算法的改进OFDM时变信道估计

针对正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中的信道时变,基于时变信道的分段线性近似模型,提出一种改进的OFDM时变信道估计方案。该方案通过采用期望最大化（EM）迭代算法来提高符号平均信道脉冲响应的估计精度,从而提高时变信道估计的性能;此外,在迭代过程中进行带状子载波间干扰抑制,不仅进一步提高了时变信道估计的性能,而且降低了实现复杂度。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法以较低的复杂度代价有效提高了时变信道OFDM系统的性能。     

基于序贯蒙特卡罗滤波的MIMO快时变信道跟踪

高数据传输速率以及终端的高速移动,导致无线通信信道具有时间选择性与频率选择性两个特征.本文主要研究了基于训练序列的多输入多输出（MIMO）时变频率选择性衰落信道的估计与跟踪问题.首先,根据时变无线信道的动态性,将信道冲击响应近似看作一个低阶的自回归矢量过程（AR）,以便于进行时变信道的跟踪.接着在此模型的基础上,利用序贯蒙特卡罗滤波对MIMO通信系统中的双选择性信道进行了跟踪;跟踪过程中需要与信号检测交替进行,即在状态变量的预测和新息修正的中间要进行一次码元的检测,所采用的方法是极大似然序列检测,最后与扩展卡尔曼滤波作了比较.仿真结果表明,在信道噪声是非高斯的情形下,序贯蒙特卡罗滤波的跟踪性能更优越于扩展卡尔曼滤波.     

Numeric Variable Forgetting Factor RLS Algorithm for Second-Order Volterra Filtering

Nonlinear adaptive filtering techniques for system identification (based on the Volterra model) are widely used for the identification of nonlinearities in many applications. In this correspondence, the improved tracking capability of a numeric variable forgetting factor recursive least squares (NVFF-RLS) algorithm is presented for first-order and second-order time-varying Volterra systems under a nonstationary environment. The nonlinear system tracking problem is converted into a state estimation problem of the time-variant system. The time-varying Volterra kernels are governed by the first-order Gauss–Markov stochastic difference equation, upon which the state-space representation of this system is built. In comparison to the conventional fixed forgetting factor recursive least squares algorithm, the NVFF-RLS algorithm provides better channel estimation as well as channel tracking performance in terms of the minimum mean square error (MMSE) for first-order and second-order Volterra systems. The NVFF-RLS algorithm is adapted to the time-varying signals by using the updating prediction error criterion, which accounts for the nonstationarity of the signal. The demonstrated simulation results manifest that the proposed method has good adaptability in the time-varying environment, and it also reduces the computational complexity.     

Fast Time-Varying Dispersive Channel Estimation and Equalization for an 8-PSK Cellular System

In this paper, a novel channel-estimation scheme for an 8-PSK enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) system with fast time-varying and frequency-selective fading channels is presented. Via a mathematical derivation and simulation results, the channel impulse response (CIR) of the fast fading channel is modeled as a linear function of time during a radio burst in the EDGE system. Therefore, a least-squares-based method is proposed along with the modified burst structure for time-varying channel estimation. Given that the pilot-symbol blocks are located at the front and the end of the data block, the LS-based method is able to estimate the parameters of the time-varying CIR accurately using a linear interpolation. The proposed time-varying estimation algorithm does not cause an error floor that existed in the adaptive algorithms due to a nonideal channel tracking. Besides, the time-varying CIR in the EDGE system is not in its minimum-phase form, as is required for low-complexity reduced-state equalization methods. In order to maintain a good system performance, a Cholesky-decomposition method is introduced in front of the reduced-state equalizer to transform the time-varying CIR into its minimum-phase equivalent form. Via simulation results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm is very well suited for the time-varying channel estimation and equalization, and a good bit-error-rate performance is achieved even at high Doppler frequencies up to 300 Hz with a low complexity.     

基于凸组合的同步长最大均方权值偏差自适应滤波算法

针对NLMS和PNLMS滤波器对时变信道跟踪能力差的缺点,提出了一种同步长凸组合最大均方权值偏差(MSD,mean square deviation)算法。该算法将同步长的NLMS和PNLMS 2种不同类型的自适应滤波器进行凸组合,以最大均方权值偏差为准则,使新的滤波器能够在外界信道特性(稀疏、非稀疏和模糊态)时变的情况下,保持良好的随动性能,并在收敛的各个阶段均保持快速且稳定的均方特性。理论推导和仿真实验表明:该算法与NLMS、PNLMS和IPNLMS算法相比,在稀疏和非稀疏状态时能够保持四者中最快的收敛速度,并且在模糊状态时算法性能优于其余三者。另外,该算法仍保持较好的稳态均方性能。     

Joint Data Detection and Channel Tracking for OFDM Systems With Phase Noise

This paper addresses the problem of data detection in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems operating under a time-varying multipath fading channel. Optimal detection in such a scenario is infeasible, which makes the introduction of approximations necessary. The typical joint data-channel estimators are decision directed, that is, assume perfect past data decisions. However, their performance is subject to error propagation phenomena. The variational Bayes method is employed here, which approximates the joint data and channel distribution as a separable one, greatly simplifying the problem. The data detection part of the resulting algorithm provides soft data estimates that are used for channel tracking. The channel itself is modeled as an autoregressive process allowing for a Kalman-like tracking algorithm. According to the developed algorithm, both data and channel estimates are exchanged and updated in an iterative manner. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by simulations. Furthermore, since OFDM is extremely sensitive to the presence of phase noise, the algorithm is extended to operate under severe phase noise conditions, with moderate performance degradation.      

时变多径MIMO信道中一种带自适应信道追踪的序列检测方法

该文针对时变多径MIMO信道,各MISO子系统首先分别采用混合MLSE(H-MLSE)处理,然后结合-幸存状态选择,提出了一种复杂度可控的、带自适应信道追踪的序列检测方法。与传统的MLSE算法相比,该方法具有3个显著特征:通过参数选择,可实现对算法复杂度的可控调节;通过嵌入的判决导向/LMS(DD/LMS)算法,对各幸存状态转移对应的幸存路径上的信道参数可实现接近零时延追踪;可部分采用并行处理技术来实现。对具有两条多径的2X4 MIMO时变信道通过数值仿真表明:当2时,该方法可获得满意的检测性能。     

MIMO-OFDM系统的低复杂度递推信道跟踪算法

该文针对时变多径信道下的MIMO-OFDM系统,基于变分贝叶斯原理,提出了一种新的联合信号检测和信道跟踪的低复杂度半盲贝叶斯迭代接收机。针对该接收机,基于递推变分期望最大化(RVBEM)算法,提出了一种RVBEM信道跟踪算法。由于RVBEM算法需要进行矩阵求逆,因此以该算法为基础推导得到了一种时频域联合递推的低复杂度信道跟踪(TF-LCRVBEM)算法。TF-LCRVBEM算法不仅完全避免了矩阵求逆运算,还通过合理的近似使得算法只具有线性复杂度。分析和仿真表明,在时变多径信道下,所提迭代接收机具有远优于传统接收机和接近理想接收机的性能。     

单载波频域均衡系统信道估计的粒子滤波方法

粒子滤波（Particle Filter, PF）是一种有效的参数估计方法。通过对单载波频域均衡（Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization, SC-FDE）系统数学模型和粒子滤波原理的分析,将时变信道建模成一阶AR过程,尝试把粒子滤波方法运用到单载波频域均衡系统基于UW的信道估计中去,并给出了算法详细步骤。然后,分别针对三种不同时变程度的信道进行了仿真,并在这三种信道下,分别与LS估计作了误码性能比较。结果表明,在时变条件下,基于粒子滤波的信道估计方法较之线性LS估计能获得良好的误码性能增益,且信道变化越缓慢,这种增益越明显。      

基于隐训练序列的信道估计与跟踪

提出了新的基于隐训练序列的频率选择性信道估计方法,利用训练序列与信息序列的不相关特性,在没有带宽损失的情况下估计出信道参数。文中对所提方法给予了证明,给出了信道估计算法,并提出了改进的自适应形式,可以用于跟踪时变信道。与以往的隐训练序列估计方法比较,文章中的算法具有更低的估计均方误差,不受接收端直流偏移的限制,且适用于时变信道。计算机仿真结果表明了该估计方法的有效性。     

Adaptive MLSE equalizers with parametric tracking for multipathfast-fading channels

We use the parametric channel identification algorithm proposed by Chen and Paulraj (see Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., p.710-14, 1997) and by Chen, Kim and Liang (see IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., p.1923-35, 1999) to adaptively track the fast-fading channels for the multichannel maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer using multiple antennas. Several commonly-used channel tracking schemes, decision-directed recursive least square (DD/RLS), per-survivor processing recursive least square (PSP/RLS) and other reduced-complexity MLSE algorithms are considered. An analytic lower bound for the multichannel MLSE equalizer with no channel mismatch in the time-varying specular multipath Rayleigh-fading channels is derived. Simulation results that illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms working with various channel tracking schemes are presented, and then these results are compared with the analytic bit error rate (BER) lower bound and with the conventional MLSE equalizers directly tracking the finite impulse response (FIR) channel tap coefficients. We found that the proposed algorithm always performs better than the conventional adaptive MLSE algorithm, no matter what channel tracking scheme is used. However, which is the best tracking scheme to use depends on the scenario of the system