MOM/Lanczos-AWE算法快速求解良导体柱的RCS宽带与宽角响应

考虑导体柱的电磁散射 ,由于一般实际导体为良导体 ,若利用表面阻抗的边界条件 ,则良导体柱的电场积分方程 (EFIE)为第二类Fredholm积分方程 ;将矩量法 (MOM )应用到该积分方程时 ,该积分方程转化为第二类Fredholm矩阵方程。本文提出了一种求解第二类Fredholm矩阵方程的Lanczos AWE递归迭代快速算法 ,首先采用Lanczos技术快速求解在某一给定频率或角度时第二类Fredholm矩阵方程 ,得到在该频率或角度时良导体的表面电流分布 ;然后采用渐近波形估计 (AWE)技术求取所考虑的频段内任意频率或角度范围内任意角度时良导体的表面电流分布。根据表面电流分布预测了任意形状良导体柱的单站雷达散射截面 (RCS)的宽带与宽角响应。计算结果表明Lanczos AWE技术可大大加快MOM法的计算速度。     

基于可达辐射能的目标表面辐射传递系数计算方法

为了便于在红外成像仿真中对目标表面温度场进行计算,提出了一种基于可达辐射能的目标表面辐射传递系数计算方法。分别用公式法、蒙特卡洛法和可达辐射能计算法计算了两两垂直表面和两两平行表面模型间的辐射传递系数,并进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该可达辐射能计算方法在确保计算精度满足要求的同时,在计算效率上相对于公式法和蒙特卡洛法都有较大提高。     

渐变型声指向耦合器中声场的计算

提出一种新的计算波导中场分布的方法。该方法基于有限元法(FEM)，但采用人工透射边界，称之为有限元—人工透射边界法。并用渐变型声指向耦合器中表面声波导二维声场的计算实例说明该方法的实用性。     

高斯展开法计算各向异性介质中的声场分布

声场分布一般使用Fresnel积分或瑞利表面积分来计算.由于这类积分的强烈振荡性,直接数值积分,即通常的广义点源叠加方法(GPSS),计算比较复杂.Wen和Breazeale将声源分布函数表示成一组高斯函数之和,从而场积分简化为一组高斯束函数叠加,避开了复杂的数值积分.Spies等将此方法推广应用到圆形活塞换能器在横向各向同性固体中的声场分布的计算.本文在Spies等人的研究基础上提出了一种计算任意分布矩形活塞换能器在各向异性(横向各向同性)介质中声场分布的方法,突破了以往对于换能器必须是圆形轴对称的限制.这种方法较GPSS更为简单且有效.     

计算辐射积分的简化方法

本文叙述了一种与口径场法(AFM)或感应电流法(ICM)有关的计算反射体天线辐射积分的简化方法。这种方法包含了相位函数的线性近似以及将近似误差计入幅度函数,然后将积分改写为一慢变函数乘以相位指数。该慢变函数对径向利用多项式展开,对切向则利用三角函数展开,其展开系数由口径上(与实际分布)对应的点决定。对应点则按类似二维积分的方式选取。     

带罩天线的口径积分-表面积分分析技术的改进

研究了带罩天线电磁辐射特性分析的口径积分-表面积分法，在罩外表面电磁流积分过程中，引入Gordon公式将罩面单元上的均匀相位分布修正为更贴近实际的线性分布，通过具体算例对改进方法的有效性进行了验证，计算结果表明，改进方法显著提高了带罩天线辐射方向图的计算效率和精度。     

漫射界面矩形扁平空间的混响时间计算

所谓矩形扁平空间就是指高度远小于宽度和长度的长方体空间,也可以称作二维空间。虽然高度比较小,但是其相对于声波波长来说仍然比较大。这样的空间内的声场一般不是完全的扩散声场或者自由声场,传统的处理声场的理论,例如赛宾公式,并不能很好地处理这种情况。对于完全漫射界面,一种可行的处理方法是采用辐射度算法。将计算机图形学中的辐射度算法加以改进,提出改进的声学辐射度算法,并且用这一算法计算一个矩形扁平空间的混响时间(RT)和早期衰减时间(EDT)。此外还分析了声源位置、接收点位置、界面吸声和空气吸声的影响。     

基于模式匹配法圆环FSS单元的快速分析

主要研究了用模式匹配法计算有限厚度圆环频率选择表面单元的传输系数,根据Helmholtz方程以及边界条件得到规则扩展域上的一组积分方程,将未知等效流表达为边界上的基函数.根据波导截面上的边界条件得到波导单元内部场和规则扩展域上场的耦合积分表达式,再应用矩量法求解矩阵方程.通过与时域有限差分法(CST仿真软件)计算结果对比验证了此算法的高效性和准确性.     

表面具有形变反射面天线方向图的计算

大型反射面天线由于比较庞大、容易受外力的影响发生形变,因此计算表面具有形变反射面天线的方向图就变得尤为重要。反射面表面发生形变后,对辐射积分的处理会变得比较复杂,文中利用表面雅可比变换,对辐射积分进行处理,使得辐射积分的数学表示变得相对简单,将计算结果与GRASP仿真结果作了对比,结果基本一致,验证了方法的正确性。     

腔基微带天线的矢量有限元--边界积分方法分析

该文将矢量有限元——边界积分(Edge-Based FE-BI)混合方法用于腔基微带贴片线的辐射特性分析。分别计算了在无阻抗负载和加有阻抗负载两种情况下的输入阻抗，以此验证了该混合方法的正确性；然后计算了贴片天线表面缝隙部分的场分布，验证微带天线分析模型——传输线模型的合理性；最后计算了E面、H面方向图以及相应的交叉极化方向图。     

Calculation of the acoustic radiation field at the surface of a finite cylinder by the method of weighted residuals

In the design of sonar systems it is desirable to compute the acoustic radiation field at the transducer surface, upon which all the significant radiation properties (radiation impedance, beam patterns, etc.) depend. Like other practical array geometries of interest, the finite cylinder does not belong to the class of separable coordinate surfaces of the Helmholtz equation, and consequently, the acoustic field for this geometry cannot be determined analytically. In this paper the surface field is computed numerically from the interior Helmholtz integral equation by the method of weighted residuals. Since the pressure fields over the three surfaces of the finite cylinder must coincide along the locii of intersection between the cylindrical surface and the end caps, the interior Helmholtz integral equation must he constrained to meet this requirement. The matrix representation of this equation which is not self-adjoint is solved by the method of least squares. This enables the constraints to be introduced via Lagrange multipliers. The procedure is used to calculate the surface pressure and radiation impedance of the finite cylinder for a range of axis ratios (diameter/length) and frequencies of interest in sonar applications. Calculations of the radiation resistance and the directivity index determined in this manner are shown to differ from those previously evaluated from the far-field solution. The weighted-residual methods considered are shown to have excellent convergence properties which make them more versatile than alternative numerical methods for solving the problem.     

A hybrid symmetric FEM/MOM formulation applied to scattering byinhomogeneous bodies of revolution

A new symmetric formulation of the hybrid finite element method (HFEM) is described which combines elements of the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) for the exterior region along with the finite element solution for the interior region. The formulation is applied to scattering by inhomogeneous bodies of revolution. To avoid spurious modes in the interior region a combination of vector and nodal based finite elements are used. Integral equations in the exterior region are used to enforce the Sommerfeld radiation condition by matching both the tangential electric and magnetic fields between interior and exterior regions. Results from this symmetric formulation as well as formulations based solely on the EFIE or MFIE are compared to exact series solutions and integral equation solutions for a number of examples. The behaviors of the symmetric, EFIE, and MFIE solutions are examined at potential resonant frequencies of the interior and exterior regions, demonstrating the advantage of this symmetric formulation     

Reconstruction of Equivalent Currents Distribution Over Arbitrary Three-Dimensional Surfaces Based on Integral Equation Algorithms

A technique for the determination of the equivalent currents distribution from a known radiated field is described. This Inverse Radiation Problem is solved through an Integral Equation algorithm that allows the characterization of antennas of complex geometry both for near field to far field (NF-FF) transformation purposes as well as for diagnostic tasks. The algorithm is based on the representation of the radiating structure by means of a set of equivalent currents over a three-dimensional (3D) surface that can be fitted to the arbitrary geometry of the antenna. The innovative formulation uses an integral equation involving the electric field due to the currents tangential components to the represented antenna 3D surface. For that purpose, both the magnetic and electric equivalent currents are considered in the integral equations. Regularization techniques are also introduced to improve the convergence of the proposed iterative solution. The paper concludes with several results related to the practical verification of the Equivalence Principle and the characterization of a horn antenna.     

Single integral equation for electromagnetic scattering bythree-dimensional homogeneous dielectric objects

A single integral equation formulation for electromagnetic scattering by three-dimensional (3-D) homogeneous dielectric objects is developed. In this formulation, a single effective electric current on the surface S of a dielectric object is used to generate the scattered fields in the interior region. The equivalent electric and magnetic currents for the exterior region are obtained by enforcing the continuity of the tangential fields across S. A single integral equation for the effective electric current is obtained by enforcing the vanishing of the total field due to the exterior equivalent currents inside S. The single integral equation is solved by the method of moments. Numerical results for a dielectric sphere obtained with this method are in good agreement with the exact results. Furthermore, the convergence speed of the iterative solution of the matrix equation in this formulation is significantly greater than that of the coupled integral equations formulation     

Rigorous combined mode-matching integral equation analysis of hornantennas with arbitrary cross section

A combined rigorous method is presented for the analysis of horn antennas with arbitrary cross section and general outer surface. The horn taper is described by the mode-matching (MM) method where the cross-section eigenvalue problem is solved by a two-dimensional (2-D) finite element (FE) technique. For the exterior horn surface including the radiating aperture, the application of the Kirchhoff-Huygens principle yields two expressions for the admittance matrix which are based on the electric (EFIE) and the magnetic (MFIE) field integral equation, respectively. The equations are solved numerically by the method of moments (MoM). For the preferred EFIE formulation, the eigenvectors of the last waveguide taper section and RWG functions for triangular patches are utilized as basis-functions for the magnetic or electric surface current densities, respectively. The presented method is verified by available reference values or measurements for a waveguide radiator with a peripheral choke, a conical and a rectangular horn. Its flexibility is demonstrated at the example of a conical ridged waveguide horn     

ANALYSIS OF THE SCATTERING OF RIVET ON AIRCRAFT

This letter investigates the scattering characteristic of the rivets on aircraft.The electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE)is used with the moment to calculate the current distribution on the surface of the rivet.With the application of Gaussian integral corresponding triangular cell,the time to fill the Z matrix is greatly reduced.Finally,the RCS of a type of rivet on aircraft is analyzed.     

Green's function for arbitrarily shaped dielectric bodies of revolution

In this paper, a solution is developed to calculate the electric field at one point in space due to an electric dipole exciting an arbitrarily shaped dielectric body of revolution (BOR). Specifically, the electric field is determined from the solution of coupled surface integral equations (SIE) for the induced surface electric and magnetic currents on the dielectric body excited by an elementary electric current dipole source. Both the interior and exterior fields to the dielectric BOR may be accurately evaluated via this approach. For a highly lossy dielectric body, the numerical Green's function is also obtainable from an approximate integral equation (AIE) based on a surface boundary condition. If this equation is solved by the method of moments, significant numerical efficiency over SIE is realized. Numerical results obtained by both SIE and AIE approaches agree with the exact solution for the special case of a dielectric sphere. With this numerical Green's function, the complicated radiation and scattering problems in the presence of an arbitrarily shaped dielectric BOR are readily solvable by the method of moments.     

单面鳍线的正则解

本文建立了分析鳍线的新方法－奇异积分方程解的正则化方法。这里，我们采用了积分化程序，而场的唯一性由奇异积分方程的解在导电片边缘的正则化条件确定。计算结果表明：本文方法以导致更快的级数收敛速率，与目前国内外公认的最好方法谱域法相比，精度提高而且所耗计算时间大大减少，与已有的奇异积分方程法相比，精度明显提高，所耗计算机时间减少了，同时公式更为简洁，概念更加清楚。     

Physical and analytical properties of a stabilized electric field integral equation

The physical and analytical properties of a stabilized form of the electric field integral equation are discussed for closed and open perfectly conducting geometries. It is demonstrated that the modified equation provides a well-conditioned formulation for smooth geometries in both the high- and low-frequency limits; an instability remains near the edges of open geometries, requiring future consideration. The surface Helmholtz decomposition is used to illustrate the mechanism of the stabilization procedure, and the relevance of this mechanism to the numerical discretization of the equation is outlined.     

Integral equation solution for analyzing scattering fromone-dimensional periodic coated strips

A set of integral equations based on the surface/surface formulation are developed for analyzing electromagnetic scattering by one-dimensional periodic structures. To compare the accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the formulation, the electric field integral equation (EFIE), magnetic field integral equation (MFIE), and combined field integral equation (CFIE) are developed for analyzing the same structure for different excitations. Due to the periodicity of the structure, the integral equations are formulated in the spectral domain using the Fourier transform of the integrodifferential operators. The generalized-biconjugate-gradient-fast Fourier transform method with subdomain basis functions is used to solve the matrix equation