复杂电磁环境下基于信号时频图像的调制识别

为解决调制识别研究中较少考虑到不同信号的特征之间联系性的问题,搭建了卷积神经网络(CNN)来提取信号的彩色时频图对应的特征,并利用时频变换的分析方法,将一维信号处理成彩色时频图,通过卷积神经网络架构提取图像特征;同时为了提升算法在低信噪比下的分类识别准确率,对时频图像的纹理特征进行了特征提取,将提取到的纹理特征与卷积神经网络中提取到的特征进行特征融合。仿真实验结果表明,采用的时频卷积神经网络(TF–CNN)和TF–Resnet网络框架能够达到高精确度信号自动调制识别分类的目的。     

一种新的雷达目标HRRP识别方法

针对雷达目标回波的非平稳特性，推导了S变换及其快速实现算法，利用电磁场时域有限差分算法仿真了3种军用飞机的宽带散射信号，采用S变换对飞机目标的雷达回波进行时频分析，提取时频分布图的矩特征作为目标特征矢量，利用改进径向基函数神经网络对特征矢量进行训练和学习，最后对3种飞机作了分类识别，取得了很好的识别效果。     

基于时频能量谱特征的跳频电台个体识别

针对于跳频电台的细微特征分类识别问题,提出基于跳频信号时频能量谱的细微特征提取算法。首先,利用跳频信号在时频域的稀疏特性,通过稀疏重构方法得到跳频信号时频能量谱;然后,在不同尺度条件下对时频能量谱进行分割,分别提取时频能量谱瑞利熵、多重分形维数和差分盒维数三种特征;最后,通过支持向量机分类器对提取特征集进行训练、分类和识别,实现跳频电台个体识别。利用四部电台的跳频信号,验证对比了本文算法与另外两种算法的识别性能。实验结果表明,本文方法所提取的细微特征集具有较强的分辨能力,避免了由单一特征的相似性而引起的误判问题,能够在少量训练样本条件下,保持较高的识别正确率。      

基于Deeplabv3网络的飞机目标微动信号分离

针对空中飞机目标的微多普勒效应提出一种基于时频图与深度神经网络分离直升机、螺旋桨和喷气式三类飞机旋转部件和机身的方法。本文从飞机目标时频图像素差异着手,根据深度学习语义分割网络提取飞机目标时频掩膜图,将掩膜图与飞机目标多分量时频矩阵进行乘法拟合,实现三类飞机目标多分量信号分离。通过建立的仿真数据集进行多组实验,结果表明对飞机目标多分量信号,深度学习语义分割网络提取时频掩膜的方法能够很好地分离机身和旋转部件信号,并起到抑制杂波的效果。     

一种基于飞机目标CFD图的目标特征提取算法研究

随着雷达目标微多普勒现象的发现,目标的微动特性在雷达自动目标识别中逐渐受到了广泛的关注。微动目标回波中包含了精细的目标微多普勒特征信息,因此,可以从其中推断出目标特有的独立特征。而基于目标微动回波时频图的特征更是因为其信息量充足的特点,成为了一种新兴有效的目标分类特征。文中主要研究了飞机目标的韵律频率图(Cadence Frequency Diagram,CFD)特征分类算法,详细叙述了算法的具体步骤。仿真分析了CFD特征在飞机目标分类中的特点和优势,并且研究了相关参数对CFD特征的影响。     

一种基于STFT的跳频参数估计新方法

针对STFT在进行跳频信号参数估计时,时间分辨率和频率分辨率存在固有矛盾这一问题,通过分析窗函数对跳频信号STFT变换后时频谱图的影响,提出了一种基于STFT的跳频参数估计方法。该方法直接利用窗函数参数提取跳频参数,避免了时频谱图对参数估计精度的影响。通过不断改变窗函数起始时刻及窗函数宽度,寻找时频聚集性最好的时频谱图,确定目标窗函数参数。仿真结果表明,该方法实现了跳频参数的有效估计。     

弹道导弹目标回波信号建模与雷达特征分析

介绍了弹道导弹运动目标特征提取和雷达识别的研究概况,针对锥顶不动、进动角固定的匀速进动锥形弹头目标,对其典型运动进行建模,给出了回波的解析表达式,利用数值解的方法,对回波信号进行了频谱分析和时频分析,提取了频谱调制特征和微RCS特征,使用Wigner-Ville分布峰值检测法,提取了回波信号的微多普勒特征,给出了使用雷达微动特征识别弹道导弹弹头的途径.最后给出了回波信号时频分布、微多普勒、多普勒谱和微RCS的仿真结果,证明了理论分析的正确性.     

雷达目标一维距离像识别中的最优因式分析子空间法

该文提出一种基于因式分析子空间进行特征提取的雷达目标识别方法.通过对目标训练样本集进行因式分析,在最大似然估计准则和最小错误分类率准则下建立最优因式分析子空间,利用因式分析子空间能够增强同类目标特征之间的相关性,提高同类目标特征的聚集度,从而改善目标识别性能.对三类飞机目标的仿真实验结果表明了方法的有效性.     

基于时频图像和高次频谱特征的雷达信号识别

针对低信噪比下雷达信号识别准确率较低的问题,提出了一种基于时频图像和高次频谱特征联合的雷达信号识别算法。该算法首先对信号采用Choi-Williams分布(Choi-Williams distribution,CWD)变换获取时频图像,接着对时频图预处理并用灰度共生矩阵(gray level co-occurrence matrix,GLCM)提取纹理特征;然后利用对称Holder系数提取信号的高次频谱特征;再将纹理特征和高次频谱特征构成一组联合特征向量,最后通过支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)实现雷达信号的分类识别。通过对8种典型雷达信号进行实验,结果表明本算法在信噪比为-8 dB时,不同信号的识别准确率能达到90%以上。     

基于多普勒频谱特性的雷达目标分类识别研究

目标特征提取是雷达目标识别过程中至关重要的一步，而所提取的特征是否稳定有效则直接决定了提取特征的质量。本文中的炸点、风轮机与气象杂波目标都具有多普勒频谱展宽的特点。在回波预处理过程中提取目标回波频谱，在此基础上，提取目标相对RCS、频谱熵值与频谱标准差三类特征，最后以支持向量机(SVM)对三类目标实现分类识别。基于实测数据的分类识别结果表明，本文中的三类特征对各类目标的分类都具有有效性。     

A signal-dependent time-frequency representation: optimal kerneldesign

A new time-frequency distribution (TFD) that adapts to each signal and so offers a good performance for a large class of signals is introduced. The design of the signal-dependent TFD is formulated in Cohen's class as an optimization problem and results in a special linear program. Given a signal to be analyzed, the solution to the linear program yields the optimal kernel and, hence, the optimal time-frequency mapping for that signal. A fast algorithm has been developed for solving the linear program, allowing the computation of the signal-dependent TFD with a time complexity on the same order as a fixed-kernel distribution. Besides this computational efficiency, an attractive feature of the optimization-based approach is the ease with which the formulation can be customized to incorporate application-specific knowledge into the design process     

Modernized method of estimating the parameters of LFM signals based on the time-frequency distribution correction and the use of the Hough transformation

The method has been modernized for obtaining the parameter estimation of the fine structure of LFM signals (linear-frequency-modulated signals) at small values of the signal-to-noise ratio. The development of this method was based on the analysis of the signal time-frequency distribution (TFD) and the Hough transform. The specific feature of this method is correction of the time-frequency parameters in the TFD image considered and the use of the principle of detecting the straight line by the Hough transform that allows us to obtain estimates of parameters of LFM signals from the radio signal received within a shorter time interval at small signal-to-noise ratios. The results of simulation modeling demonstrate the capabilities of the method proposed.     

基于瞬态极化时频分布及奇异值特征提取的雷达目标识别

本文介绍了瞬态极化时频分布的概念,并给出了瞬态极化Wigner-Ville分布及伪Wigner-Ville分布的定义,用以刻画雷达目标回波在时频域上的极化特性.然后,由回波的瞬态极化伪Wigner-Ville分布各分量的奇异值组成特征矢量,以BP神经网络作为分类器进行了目标识别实验.实验结果表明,与传统的对目标极化回波的两个分量分别作时频分析的处理方法相比,文中方法具有更好的目标识别性能.     

Analysis and synthesis of multicomponent signals using positivetime-frequency distributions

A new approach to the analysis and reconstruction of multicomponent nonstationary signals from their time-frequency distribution (TFD) is presented. Specifically, we consider a TFD based on the recently introduced minimum cross entropy principle (MCE). This positive TFD is cross-terms free and, hence, has an advantage over the family of bilinear distributions. Based on the MCE-TFD, a new algorithm for reconstructing the phase and amplitude parameters of each component of the signal is developed. To evaluate the accuracy of the algorithm. Monte Carlo simulations are presented and compared with the corresponding Cramer-Rao bound. It is shown that the new algorithm is superior to presently available methods in both efficiency and performance. It is concluded that together with the MCE-TFD representation, the proposed approach provides a powerful tool for analysis of nonstationary multicomponent signals embedded in additive Gaussian noise     

Spatial averaging of time-frequency distributions for signalrecovery in uniform linear arrays

This paper presents a new approach based on spatial time-frequency averaging for separating signals received by a uniform linear antenna array. In this approach, spatial averaging of the time-frequency distributions (TFDs) of the sensor data is performed at multiple time-frequency points. This averaging restores the diagonal structure of the source TFD matrix necessary for source separation. With spatial averaging, cross-terms move from their off-diagonal positions in the source TFD matrix to become part of the matrix diagonal entries. It is shown that the proposed approach yields improved performance over the case when no spatial averaging is performed. Further, we demonstrate that in the context of source separation, the spatially averaged Wigner-Ville distribution outperforms the combined spatial-time-frequency averaged distributions, such as the one obtained by using the Choi-Williams (1989) distribution. Simulation examples involving the separation of two sources with close AM and FM modulations are presented     

一种新的二次时频分布和几种主要二次时频分布的比较研究

本文提出一种新的Cohen类时频分布并对几种主要Cohen类时频分布进行了实验比较研究。结果表明,基于指数分布(ED)和锥形核分布(CKD)的复合核分布(ECKD)具有更强的抑制交叉干扰性质,同时几乎不会使ED或CKD的时频分辨力降低。     

A NEW QUADRATIC TIME-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONAND A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEVERAL POPULARQUADRATIC TIME-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

A new quadratic time-frequency distribution (TFD) with a compound kernel is proposed and a comparative study of several popular quadratic TFD is carried out. It is shown that the new TFD with compound kernel has stronger ability than the exponential distribution (ED) and the cone-shaped kernel distribution (CKD) in reducing cross terms, meanwhile almost not decreasing the time-frequency resolution of ED or CKD.     

一种基于Radon变换的时频分析方法

针对CW脉冲和线性调频(LFM)信号,利用Radon变换沿直线积分的特性,将其与时频分布(TFD)结合在一起,抑制多频率分量信号各个分量之间的交叉项干扰,提高时频分布的时频二维分辨力。通过仿真数据验证算法具有良好的时频分辨能力以及抑制交叉项干扰能力。