毫米波螺旋线行波管慢波系统高频损耗

基于夹持杆分层螺旋带模型和三维电磁场分析研究了毫米波螺旋线行波管慢波系统的导体和介质损耗。螺旋带模型中介质损耗考虑为纵向传播常数的虚部,给出螺旋带中电磁场的解析解,导体损耗由螺旋线和管壳表面的面电流不连续性获得。三维电磁场分析通过本征模法,求解单周期结构的品质因数和周期储能获得有限导电率导体和夹持杆陶瓷损耗角带来的慢波系统高频损耗。结果表明,毫米波段螺旋线的导体损耗和夹持杆的介质损耗远大于管壳导体损耗,介质损耗与陶瓷损耗角呈线性关系,对高频损耗的影响不可忽略。     

螺旋线慢波结构损耗特性研究

本文采用了与其他作者不同的理论模型和计算方法,对螺旋线慢波结构损耗准确的理论分析,考虑了介质夹持杆,管壳和螺旋线金属电导率对损耗的影响。在ＨＰ８５１０矢量网络分析仪上对两种结构的损耗进行了测量,并对螺旋线与能量耦合器之间的阻抗失配引起的误差进行了修正。理论结果与测量结果有较好的一致性。     

螺旋线慢波结构散热性能的理论研究

建立了二维研究模型和一维近似模型,通过不同的方法对螺旋线慢波结构进行理论热分析。得到慢波结构中螺旋线、夹持杆和管壳温度差的表达式。对特定的结构进行热分析,比较了各种方法得到结果的一致性。该项理论研究对改善螺旋线行波管散热性能具有重要的意义。     

新型高导热螺旋线慢波结构的设计和仿真分析

该文从理论上通过对螺旋线慢波结构的热状态进行分析,首次提出以椭圆管壳结构来代替传统的圆管壳结构,然后利用ANSYS软件对椭圆管壳螺旋线慢波结构作了三维热分析并利用微波工作室CST分析了其高频特性。仿真结果表明,椭圆管壳螺旋线慢波结构的导热能力明显强于传统的圆壳结构,且夹持杆数目越多,导热能力越强。同时还发现椭圆管壳慢波结构在保证足够大耦合阻抗前提下,其工作带宽相对圆壳更宽。     

任意行波管慢波结构中导体和介质损耗的三维有限元分析

该文给出一种用于精确计算任意行波管慢波结构中介质和导体损耗的3维有限元分析方法。给出一种新型的慢波结构指定频率本征分析方法。不像传统的指定相移本征分析方法在慢波结构有耗有限元仿真中必须求解一个非线性的广义本征问题,指定频率本征分析方法仅仅需要求解一个线性的广义本征问题,而且慢波结构的导体和介质损耗可以不需要任何的后处理而精确地得出。通过仿真实际的慢波结构,验证了指定频率本征分析方法可以精确地计算出慢波结构的导体和介质损耗。     

新型大功率毫米波螺旋线行波管高频系统研究

该文探讨了CVD金刚石材料在宽带毫米波螺旋线行波管中的应用,研究了两类非杆状新型CVD金刚石夹持的螺旋线高频结构,利用MAFIA分析了它们的色散特性、耦合阻抗和衰减常数,与传统的矩形BeO夹持杆和矩形CVD夹持杆高频结构进行了对比,最后将这两类新型高频结构替代国内某毫米波行波管(26-40GHz)中的矩形BeO夹持杆螺旋线高频结构,利用宽带大功率行波管CAD集成环境中的注波互作用模块分析了其大信号工作特性。结果表明,分立CVD金刚石夹持高频系统兼顾了超宽带和大功率,同时由于金刚石直接和螺旋线及金属翼片大面积接触,该结构还具有极好的散热能力,是一种有重要应用前景的高频结构。     

电子器件

0309376翼片加载螺旋线慢波结构的螺旋带模型[刊]/张勇//强激光与粒子束.—2002,14(6).—887～891(K)翼片加载螺旋线慢波结构广泛应用于大功率、宽频带行波管中,建立了翼片加载螺旋线慢波结构的螺旋带模型,得到了实用的色散方程、耦合阻抗和衰减常数的表达式。利用导出的方程对实际行波管螺旋慢波结构进行计算,井与测量结果和导电面模型进行了比较,计算结果与测量结果具有良好的一致性。分析了不同管壳半径对色散特性的影响。参8     

翼片加载螺旋线慢波结构的特性

本文根据实际的翼片加载螺旋线慢波结构提出了一种理论分析模型,即螺旋线与金属管壳之间的空间全部由介质所填充,沿管壳内壁布满无穷多个、无限薄的翼片。利用电磁场分区匹配方法求解了空间电磁场分布,从而导出了色散方程、耦合阻抗和衰减常数的计算公式。本文还对任意形状截面为S的电磁波传输系统作了讨论,引出了储能相等的原则。它可将任意形状的杆等效成楔形杆,并利用ε_(e∫f)-1=a(ε_r-1)公式求出ε_(e∫f)。这种介质处理方法,由于无任何附加条件,对任意形状、任意特性的介质杆所支撑的慢波结构均可适用。实测数据与计算结果相一致。     

CST MWS软件模拟三维螺旋线慢波结构

本文介绍了用CST MWS软件的周期边界条件计算行波管螺旋线慢波结构的色散和耦合阻抗等冷测特性的方法,用采取螺旋带模型的理论分析计算结果和实验测试值加以验证,取得了比较一致的结果;并应用这种MWS的模拟方法和螺旋带模型的计算方法分析了具有扇形和T形夹持杆慢波结构的冷测特性,结果表明,相速和耦合阻抗都随着扇形角度的增大而减小,随着T形窄端宽度的增加而减小,随着T形窄端高度的增加而增大.     

26.5-40GHz 高效率宽带毫米波行波管高频系统仿真设计

优化高频系统慢波结构参数,分析了慢波结构的材料及T 型夹持杆对高频损耗的影响,设计了一种未加载翼片结构的双渐变螺线26.5-40GHz 40W 宽带行波管,试验测试宽频带内电子效率超过12%,采用4 级降压收集极后总效率大于37%。     

一种具有新型分立介质支撑的翼片加载螺旋带慢 波结构的研究

本文研究了一种具有新型分立介质支撑的翼片加载螺旋带慢波系统,该种慢波系统具有较高的功率容量和较宽的带宽.通过用切比雪夫多项式来展开螺旋带上的面电流,用真空层来模拟螺旋带的厚度,用均匀分层介质来等效新型分立介质支撑,考虑到过渡连接金属块的影响,用场论的方法得到了非常实用的色散方程和耦合阻抗的表达式,同时进行了HFSS模拟,发现用场论的方法所得出的结果与用HFSS模拟的结果吻合良好.本文的结果对这种新型慢波结构的设计具有指导意义.     

A Simple Equivalent Circuit Analysis of the Dielectric Loss in a Helical Slow-Wave Structure of a Traveling-Wave Tube

The electromagnetic field analysis of a helical slow-wave structure (SWS) is carried out based on a tape-helix model incorporating the effects of space-harmonic propagating modes and the surface current on the helix over the actual metallic area of the tape. Using this analysis, closed-form expressions are derived for the shunt capacitance per unit length and the shunt conductance per unit length of the transmission-line equivalent circuit of the structure. The analysis is interpreted for the circuit attenuation constant contributed by the loss of the dielectric helix-support rods. The analysis is accurate, amenable to easy computation, and validated against published results. The analysis is subsequently used for investigating the dielectric loss in an SWS due to the backward-wave ($-$1) space-harmonic mode of propagation.      

Analysis of the Dispersion Characteristic and Interaction Impedance of a Tape Helix Slow Wave Structure with Novel Supporting Mode

In order to enhance the power capability of the helix travelling wave tube, a novel tape helix slow wave structure (SWS), which is supported by helically arrayed radial dielectric-support posts, is developed. Each dielectric post can be easily brazed with the tape helix and the metal envelope by means of a special soldering. This kind of supporting mode can protect the dielectric supporting posts from being broken by the thermal stress in the case of high temperature. A hybrid model is set up in consideration of the influences of both the radial thickness of the tape helix and these discrete dielectric-support posts. The dispersion equation and interaction impedance of the helical SWS are obtained. The calculated results using this hybrid model presented in the paper show good agreements with the HFSS simulation results. All the results presented here can provide a good basis for designing the novel tape helix SWS.     

A Simple and Accurate Analysis of Conductivity Loss in Millimeter-Wave Helical Slow-Wave Structures

Electromagnetic field analysis of a helix slow-wave structure was carried out and a closed form expression was derived for the inductance per unit length of the transmission-line equivalent circuit of the structure, taking into account the actual helix tape dimensions and surface current on the helix over the actual metallic area of the tape. The expression of the inductance per unit length, thus obtained, was used for estimating the increment in the inductance per unit length caused due to penetration of the magnetic flux into the conducting surfaces following Wheeler’s incremental inductance rule, which was subsequently interpreted for the attenuation constant of the propagating structure. The analysis was computationally simple and accurate, and accrues the accuracy of 3D electromagnetic analysis by allowing the use of dispersion characteristics obtainable from any standard electromagnetic modeling. The approach was benchmarked against measurement for two practical structures, and excellent agreement was observed. The analysis was subsequently applied to demonstrate the effects of conductivity on the attenuation constant of a typical broadband millimeter-wave helical slow-wave structure with respect to helix materials and copper plating on the helix, surface finish of the helix, dielectric loading effect and effect of high temperature operation – a comparative study of various such aspects are covered.     

Analysis of a U-shaped vane-loaded helical slow-wave structure for wideband travelling-wave tubes

The dispersion equation and interaction impedance of a U-shaped vane-loaded helical slow-wave structure (SWS) is obtained by considering the azimuthal space harmonic in the non-vane region and the helical tape thickness, using the field theory matching method in the azimuthal field discontinuity. The theoretical calculation by electromagnetic analysis is consistent with the simulation result by MAFIA, which can explain some physical essence of the SWS. In the helical SWS, negative dispersion is reported to reduce the second harmonic content of a wideband travelling-wave tube at the low-frequency end of the band. When the SWS is assembled, the support rods are easily located in the groove of the vane. The solution provides a new instruction method for other types of vane-loaded helical SWS.     

Investigation into the Effect of Dielectric Loss on RF Characteristics of Helical SWS

A general theory has been developed to account for the effect of the dielectric loss of discrete rods on the performance characteristics of an actual helical slow wave structure (SWS). The effect of the lossy dielectric rods has been studied on various propagation parameters, namely, phase propagation constant, interaction impedance and attenuation constant at different operating frequency. It is clearly shown that the influence of dielectric loss on RF characteristics is much larger at the millimeter frequency band than that at the microwave frequency band, especially on interaction impedance and attenuation constant. The general theory developed here has been further confirmed by comparing the results with those obtained elsewhere for some special cases.     

Sensitivity analysis of TWT's small signal gain based on the effectof rod shape and dimensions

An extensive study aiming at analyzing the effect of rod shapes and dimensions on the gain of helix traveling wave tubes (TWTs) is performed. The evaluation of tube small-signal gain is obtained by making use of a rigorous field analysis which takes into account the helix tape model and the dielectric inhomogeneous loading conditions. Computing time to perform the analysis is extremely low compared with the time required in the case of a full wave, three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic simulator. The accuracy of the simulation approach has been extensively verified in a previous paper. A novel expression for the attenuation constant has been introduced in the model to improve the quality of results. The proposed study allows a better understanding of tube behavior before fabrication highlighting the contribution of the shape, the mechanical tolerances and the ϵ_r variation of the rods to the small-signal gain     

纵向导电翼片屏蔽螺旋线结构的色散计算

本文采用螺旋带模型,综合考虑了介质、纵向导电翼片屏蔽筒及导丝尺寸对结构色散的影响。导出了设计公式,与实测结果相当符合。 当R/S1.1,S/1.5时,相速理论值的误差在5％以下。提供了通用设计计算曲线,可供工程设计之用。