吸波涂层目标散射特性的复射线分析

将复射线理论推广到媒质有耗的情形,可以建立起损耗媒质中的复射线方法并用来分析吸波涂层目标的散射特性。该方法具有计算简便、物理概念明确、适用范围较广等特点。本文以涂层金属平板为例所进行的目标雷达截面分析结果表明,理论计算与实验结果能够很好地吻合。     

不同吸波涂层对三维复杂目标的RCS影响的分析

利用有限元-快速多极子算法(FEM-FMM)分析了三维复杂目标涂有不同吸波涂层的雷达散射截面(RCS).以圆锥体为例,详细计算分析了涂敷有耗各向同性、正单轴各向异性、负单轴各向异性和纳米吸波材料4种典型吸波材料对目标电磁散射特性的影响,并首次讨论了每种吸波材料随不同涂层厚度对RCS的影响,得到了最佳隐身效果的吸波材料和涂层厚度的组合.结果表明,涂敷最佳吸波材料目标的后向RCS比目标没有吸波涂层时可以降低16.6dB.     

一种电大尺寸涂覆目标RCS 的算法

从Stratton-Chu 积分方程入手,推导出一种光滑凸体金属表面涂覆雷达吸波材料（RAM）的物理光学后向RCS计算公式,同时考虑边缘绕射的贡献,介质劈与金属劈的电磁散射特性是不同的,须通过等效电磁流法(EEC)来求解介质边缘散射加以修正。通过对涂覆平板、涂覆柱锥组合体及某导弹目标RCS 的计算,再与实测值和矩量法结果对比,它们均相吻合,从而验证了算法的有效性和准确性。本算法特别适合大尺寸目标RCS 计算。     

用复射线展开法分析目标的雷达截面

本文根据复射线分析和场的高斯波束展开,提出了一种计算复杂目标电磁散射特性的简便方法。由于复射线法不受目标形状的限制,因此该方法可用于任意形状的目标。本文以矩形进气道为例,进行了雷达截面分析计算,并将计算值与测试值比较,结果表明这种方法是可行的。     

Far-field measurements and maximum entropy analysis of lossymaterial on a conducting plate

The relationships between Fourier techniques and maximum entropy techniques for the case of scattering measurements from metal-plate-backed lossy dielectric material are described. A set of experimental measurements were made in the frequency and aspect-angle domains on square panels of a multilayer radar absorbing material (RAM) backed by a conducting plate (approximately 30×30 cm). The minimum scattered signal was observed in the 9-12-GHz band. Experiments were performed over a band of frequencies from 2 to 18 GHz. Analysis techniques are described for transformations to the time and Doppler (cross-range) domains. Interpretations of the results with respect to the penetration of the radar signal into the RAM and scattering from the edge discontinuity of the plate are given and discussed     

用MEI—FD方法分析Chiral媒质的电磁散射问题

本文应用不变性测试分程和有限差分方法分析Ｃｈｉｒａｌ媒质的电磁散射问题。应用该方法时，要在所讨论的区域内建立起一组有关电场和磁场的耦合差分方程，并且要在截断边界上应用不变性测试方程建立起有关边界点系数的方程。文中给出了一些非均匀、有耗且具有电大尺寸任意横截面Ｃｈｉｒａｌ柱的雷达散射截面的数值结果     

复杂涂敷目标的RCS计算

提出了一种计算复杂涂敷目标散射场的一般方法。将带有尾翼的弹体目标分成几个散射中心 ,在每个散射中心上 ,运用物理光学积分和几何绕射理论对其RCS进行分析和计算 ,并将计算结果与无涂敷金属表面目标的RCS进行对比分析 ,结果与预期估计情况吻合较好 ,表明该方法不仅计算简单 ,而且结果也较为精确     

材料参数测量误差对吸波材料优化设计结果的影响

根据吸波材料电磁反射系数的传输线理论进行优化设计是微波吸收材料研究的重点,微波吸收材料的吸波效果与其电磁参数(介电常数与磁导率)和材料厚度密切相关,电磁参数测量的准确性与微波吸收材料厚度制作的精确性,对微波吸收效果有很大的影响。通过理论计算分析,探讨了电磁参数测量误差对微波吸收材料优化设计结果的影响,并讨论了微波吸收体厚度制作误差对微波吸收材料吸波效果理论计算值对优化值偏离的影响。     

优化算法在手征媒质中的应用研究

由于手征媒质的手征参数可调性,使它成为一种新型的吸波材料,在减缩目标雷达散射截面方面有巨大的应用前景.文中运用传输线法分析了金属衬底上涂敷手征媒质的反射特性,计算了手征参数对手征媒质反射特性的影响;然后基于非均匀有理B样条建模,采用物理光学法比较了目标涂敷常规吸波材料与手征媒质时的雷达散射截面,结果说明了手征媒质减小反射电磁波的效果更好;最后运用粒子群算法和模拟退火算法在给定的范围内优化手征参数,并计算了在此参数下目标的散射截面.     

部分涂敷目标的RCS仿真计算

涂敷雷达吸波材料(RAM)是目前最为常用的一种减缩雷达散射截面(RCS)的方法,可以在全角度下减小雷达目标的RCS值.采用非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)参数曲面模拟目标外形,运用物理光学法计算电大尺寸部分涂敷目标的RCS.结果显示,在目标一定的部位上而不是在所有部件上涂敷吸波材料,在一定的观察点上仍然能起到减小RCS的作用,既满足了角度范围的需要又节省了RAM的使用费用.     

基于EBG结构吸波材料在螺旋天线阵中的应用

研究了基于EBG结构的超薄吸波材料在螺旋天线阵RCS缩减中的应用。通过采取在EBG贴片之间加载集总电阻的方式实现吸波材料,并将螺旋天线阵金属底面用EBG吸波材料代替,以期实现了天线阵工作频带内RCS减缩的目标。实验结果表明,在EBGRAM的吸收频段内该吸波材料能有效缩减螺旋天线阵的RCS,同时保持天线单元辐射性能,仅前向增益有所下降。     

Analysis of an infinite phased array of dipole elements with RAMcoating on ground plane and covered with layered radome

An analysis of an infinite array of dipole elements over a radar absorbing material (RAM) coated ground plane and covered with a radome is presented. The radiation impedance of the dipole element is obtained when the array is in transmitting mode, and a scattering analysis is carried out when the array is excited by an incoming plane wave and the dipole elements are terminated in loads. The electric field Green's function in terms of Floquet mode expansion due to a periodic δ-function horizontal dipole source is derived to satisfy the layered boundary conditions. The method of moments is used to solve the current distribution on the dipole. Numerical calculation of the radiation impedance of a dipole array covered with a radome has been verified with results from waveguide simulator measurements. Numerical examples are given to show the effect of the RAM coated ground plane on the radiation impedance and the scattering characteristics     

Multidomain pseudospectral time-domain simulations of scattering by objects buried in lossy media

A multidomain pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) method with a newly developed well-posed PML is introduced as an accurate and flexible tool for the modeling of electromagnetic scattering by 2-D objects buried in an inhomogeneous lossy medium. Compared with the previous single-domain Fourier PSTD method, this approach allows for an accurate treatment of curved geometries with subdomains, curvilinear mapping, and high-order Chebyshev polynomials. The effectiveness of the algorithm is confirmed by an excellent agreement between the numerical results and analytical solutions for perfectly conducting as well as permeable dielectric cylinders. The algorithm has been applied to model various ground-penetrating radar (GPR) applications involving curved objects in a lossy half space with an undulating surface. This multidomain PSTD algorithm is potentially a very useful tool for simulating antennas near complex objects and inhomogeneous media.     

An efficient formulation to determine the scatteringcharacteristics of a conducting body with thin magnetic coatings

Two new and efficient surface integral equations, derived from corresponding volume integral equations, are developed to calculate the scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waveform from an arbitrarily shaped conducting body coated with thin lossy magnetic film. Their numerical solutions by the method of moments (MM) for two-dimensional structures with full or partial coatings are presented. It is shown that the radar cross-section of a conducting body can be significantly reduced by coating it with a lossy magnetic film. To verify the validity and accuracy of the proposed formulation, another method based on the expansion of cylindrical harmonic functions with real arguments is also developed to calculate the scattering of a plane EM wave from an electrically large coated circular cylinder. The same problem was also solved by the proposed formulation, and excellent agreement between the two approaches was achieved. In addition, numerical results of the scattering from a rectangular coated cylinder is shown to be consistent with that obtained by a modified finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method     

多涂覆目标的RCS可视化计算

涂覆雷达吸波材料技术(RAM)是隐身技术中重要的技术之一,在现代隐身武器设计中得到广泛应用.GRECO方法使用Phong光照模型获取法矢等几何参数,只能处理目标表面单一涂覆的情况.使用索引法即用像素的颜色表示索引序号的方法,就可以处理目标表面不同部位有不同涂覆参数的多种涂覆情况.计算结果与相关文献进行比较,结果令人满意.     

阻抗劈的UTD公式(TM情形)

本文给出了TM平面波被一照射面为阻抗表面的导体劈绕射的一致性几何绕射公式.利用该公式,我们计算了涂覆有耗介质的矩形平板的后向雷达散射截面,计算结果与测量值吻合较好.     

Full-Waveform Inversion of Crosshole Radar Data Based on 2-D Finite-Difference Time-Domain Solutions of Maxwell's Equations

Crosshole radar techniques are important tools for a wide range of geoscientific and engineering investigations. Unfortunately, the resolution of crosshole radar images may be limited by inadequacies of the ray tomographic methods that are commonly used in inverting the data. Since ray methods are based on high-frequency approximations and only account for a small fraction of the information contained in the radar traces, they are restricted to resolving relatively large-scale features. As a consequence, the true potential of crosshole radar techniques has yet to be realized. To address this issue, we introduce a full-waveform inversion scheme that is based on a finite-difference time-domain solution of Maxwell's equations. We benchmark our new scheme on synthetic crosshole data generated from suites of increasingly complex models. The full-waveform tomographic images accurately reconstruct the following: (1) the locations, sizes, and electrical properties of isolated subwavelength objects embedded in homogeneous media; (2) the locations and sizes of adjacent subwavelength objects embedded in homogeneous media; (3) abrupt media boundaries and average and stochastic electrical property variations of heterogeneous layered models; and (4) the locations, sizes, and electrical conductivities of water-filled tunnels and closely spaced subwavelength pipes embedded in heterogeneous layered models. The new scheme is shown to be remarkably robust to the presence of uncorrelated noise in the radar data. Several limitations of the full-waveform tomographic inversion are also identified. For typical crosshole acquisition geometries and parameters, small resistive bodies and small closely spaced dielectric objects may be difficult to resolve. Furthermore, electrical property contrasts may be underestimated. Nevertheless, the full-waveform inversions usually provide substantially better results than those supplied by traditional ray methods.     

涂层目标散射的双站物理光学公式及其散射矩阵

本文从物理光学基本假设与阻抗边界条件出发，建立了涂覆雷达吸波材料（ＲＡＭ）的任意三维光滑凸型导电物体散射的基本双站公式。公式是从Ｆｒｅｓｎｅｌ反射系统及阻抗边界条件推导的。本文同时得到了涂层物体表面入射场及其同几何结构导体表面入射场之间的关系与电、磁流比系数关系。文末给出了用基本双站公式计算电大物体双站散射矩阵与双站散射截面的计算方法与计算实例。     

Method based on physical optics for the computation of the radar cross section including diffraction and double effects of metallic and absorbing bodies modeled with parametric surfaces

A method to compute the monostatic radar cross section (RCS) of complex bodies modeled by nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surfaces is presented. The bodies can be covered by any kind of radar absorbing material (RAM) with electric and/or magnetic losses. Physical optics (PO) is used to obtain the scattered field of each surface. Fresnel coefficients are included in the stationary phase method (SPM) in order to take into account the effect of the RAM material. The contribution of diffraction by edges and double effects is also considered, improving the results of the PO approach. The diffraction is computed by the equivalent current method (ECM). A combination of geometrical optics (GO) with PO and ECM is used for the double reflection and double interaction between edges and surfaces respectively. Some simple cases are shown to validate the proposed method. The reliability of the method to analyzing the effect of covering a realistic target with RAM is also illustrated.