迭代更新导向矢量的稳健波束形成算法

稳健的Capon波束形成器(RCB)可以克服常规波束形成对导向矢量误差的敏感性,但其性能受导向矢量误差范围估计值的影响.为此,提出了一种不需要给定误差范围的稳健波束形成方法,利用导向矢量误差中与假想导向矢量正交的分量,将双约束RCB算法的优化问题转换为几个迭代的二次锥规划问题,逐次更新导向矢量以获得最优权,计算机仿真验证了方法的有效性.     

基于谱分析的稳健自适应波束形成算法

针对在导向矢量存在误差情况下,自适应波束形成算法性能下降问题,提出一种基于谱分析的稳健自适应波束形成(SA-RAB)算法。算法利用空域与频域的对称性,根据真实导向矢量与理想导向矢量之间的误差,运用谱分析(SA)技术确定波束主瓣宽度,最后利用二阶锥规划(SOCP)技术在主瓣宽度内形成平顶响应,并在副瓣区域内进行干扰抑制。仿真结果表明:该算法可有效地抑制干扰,并输出理想的信号干扰噪声比(SINR),且提高了波束形成针对导向矢量误差的稳健性,验证了算法的有效性和优越性。     

基于改进不确定集的稳健波束形成算法

基于不确定集约束的稳健MVDR波束形成算法在一定程度上依赖于期望信号导向矢量误差的先验知识,且当导向矢量失配较严重时干扰抑制性能也有所下降。为此,提出了一种基于投影变换的改进算法。该方法将约束方向矢量向信号干扰子空间投影,并作为新的约束方向矢量,从而等效于减小了期望信号导向矢量误差。这样,误差不确定参数只需设置为一较小的实数即可在任意导向矢量失配时获得最优的输出性能。计算机仿真结果证明了所提波束形成器具有较强的稳健性能。     

改进的稳健Capon 波束形成算法性能分析

常规Capon 波束形成算法能够使波束在期望信号方向形成高增益,在干扰方向形成零陷,针对该算法在期望信号导向矢量失配的情况下,出现性能下降的问题,研究了期望信号导向矢量在不确定集约束下的求解。通过分析稳健Capon波束形成算法的特点,推导出了期望信号导向矢量在球形不确定集约束下的权矢量近似闭式解,并采用图像法,找到给定条件下的最优约束参数。在指向误差和相位误差存在情况下,对算法进行了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了算法在误差存在情况下的稳健性。     

一种联合修正的稳健Capon波束形成算法

指出了水平定向天线阵波束形成的主要难点,没有固定相位中心和受交叉极化来波的影响。阵列受随机性误差使得导向矢量存在较大失配,从而导致传统Capon算法性能下降甚至失效。在阵列误差模型下,给出了基于协方差矩阵与导向矢量联合修正的稳健Capon波束形成算法。该算法首先基于收缩得到一个增强的协方差矩阵,然后通过最大化Capon输出功率实现对导向矢量的修正,同时增加二次型约束防止修正的导向矢量接近于干扰导向矢量上。该算法可转化为二次约束二阶规划问题,并通过凸优化进行求解。仿真结果表明,该算法对天线阵模型中误差矩阵具有一定的稳健性,且较其他稳健算法具有较好的性能。     

一种空域-极化域联合稳健自适应波束形成算法

为有效提高阵列对来波方向误差和极化参数误差的鲁棒性,提出一种空域-极化域联合稳健自适应波束形成算法,首先在每个干扰信号来波方向-极化角区间上重构干扰噪声协方差矩阵,然后在期望信号来波方向-极化角区间上估计其导向矢量,设计空域-极化域联合稳健波束加权。通过仿真实验可发现,所提算法对由来波方向角度误差和极化参数误差所引起的导向矢量失配具有很好的鲁棒性。     

导向矢量和协方差矩阵联合迭代估计的稳健波束形成算法

针对自适应波束形成器在目标导向矢量存在约束偏差时性能急剧下降的问题,该文提出一种目标导向矢量和干扰噪声协方差矩阵联合迭代估计的稳健波束形成算法。该算法首先采用稀疏重构的方法得到目标导向矢量的初始值,并通过从采样协方差矩阵中剔除目标信号估计值完成干扰加噪声协方差矩阵的初始化;然后在建立导向矢量误差优化模型的基础上,采用凸优化方法对目标导向矢量和干扰加噪声协方差矩阵联合迭代求解。最后利用目标导向矢量和干扰加噪声协方差矩阵的稳态估计值获得自适应权矢量。仿真结果表明该算法提高了波束形成器在目标导向矢量约束偏差时的输出信干噪比。     

一种稳健的稀疏Capon波束形成算法

常规Capon波束形成算法具有相对较高的旁瓣增益,且在期望信号导向矢量存在失配时,阵列输出性能下降甚至失效。为解决这一问题,引入了稀疏约束Capon波束形成算法,该算法降低了旁瓣,对期望信号来向不确定具有一定稳健性,但在幅相误差、期望信号指向偏差等多种误差同时存在的情况下其性能下降。本文在稀疏约束Capon波束形成算法基础上,给出了一种稳健的稀疏Capon波束形成算法。该算法主要是在最差性能最优化的情况下,在稀疏Capon上增加了一个导向矢量存在偏差的约束条件。通过计算机仿真,验证了新算法在多种误差环境下的有效性与优越性。     

基于不确定集的稳健Capon波束形成算法性能分析

该文针对常规Capon波束形成易受期望信号导向矢量失配影响,研究了基于导向矢量误差不确定集的稳健Capon自适应波束形成算法。推导出期望信号导向矢量属于球形不确定集时的自适应权矢量近似闭式解,并由此进行性能评估,得到目标功率估计和输出信号干扰噪声比的近似表达式,从而明确了各种因素对性能的影响关系。计算机仿真结果证明了该文分析的合理性。     

基于导向矢量估计的鲁棒自适应波束形成算法

针对在导向矢量存在误差情况下自适应波束形成算法性能严重下降的问题,提出一种基于导向矢量估计的鲁棒自适应波束形成(Steering Vector Estimation Based Robust Adaptive Beamforming,SVE-RAB)算法.算法用导向矢量不确定范围估计真实导向矢量,利用范数约束通过二阶锥规划技术提高波束形成的鲁棒性.算法可在导向矢量存在误差的情况下,对期望信号保持最大增益并有效抑制干扰,且有效提高了波束形成输出的信干噪比(Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio,SINR).仿真结果验证了算法的有效性和优越性.     

A robust adaptive beamformer for microphone arrays with a blockingmatrix using constrained adaptive filters

This paper proposes a new robust adaptive beamformer applicable to microphone arrays. The proposed beamformer is a generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) with a new adaptive blocking matrix using coefficient-constrained adaptive filters (CCAFs) and a multiple-input canceller with norm-constrained adaptive filters (NCAFs). The CCAFs minimize leakage of the target-signal into the interference path of the GSC. Each coefficient of the CCAFs is constrained to avoid mistracking. The input signal to all the CCAFs is the output of a fixed beamformer. In the multiple-input canceller, the NCAFs prevent undesirable target-signal cancellation when the target-signal minimization at the blocking matrix is incomplete. The proposed beamformer is shown to be robust to target-direction errors as large as 200 with almost no degradation in interference-reduction performance, and it can be implemented with several microphones. The maximum allowable target-direction error can be specified by the user. Simulated anechoic experiments demonstrate that the proposed beamformer cancels interference by over 30 dB. Simulation with real acoustic data captured in a room with 0.3-s reverberation time shows that the noise is suppressed by 19 dB. In subjective evaluation, the proposed beamformer obtains 3.8 on a five-point mean opinion score scale, which is 1.0 point higher than the conventional robust beamformer     

Robust Adaptive Beamformers Based on Worst-Case Optimization and Constraints on Magnitude Response

In this paper, novel robust adaptive beamformers are proposed with constraints on array magnitude response. With the transformation from the array output power and the magnitude response to linear functions of the autocorrelation sequence of the array weight, the optimization of an adaptive beamformer, which is often described as a quadratic optimization problem in conventional beamforming methods, is then reformulated as a linear programming (LP) problem. Unlike conventional robust beamformers, the proposed method is able to flexibly control the robust response region with specified beamwidth and response ripple. In practice, an array has many imperfections besides steering direction error. In order to make the adaptive beamformer robust against all kinds of imperfections, worst-case optimization is exploited to reconstruct the robust beamformer. By minimizing array output power with the existence of the worst-case array imperfections, the robust beamforming can be expressed as a second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem. The resultant beamformer possesses superior robustness against arbitrary array imperfections. With the proposed methods, a large robust response region and a high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) enhancement can be achieved readily. Simple implementation, flexible performance control, as well as significant SINR enhancement, support the practicability of the proposed methods.     

A User Parameter-Free Robust Adaptive Beamformer Based on General Linear Combination in Tandem with Steering Vector Estimation

If there is a mismatch between the assumed steering vector (SV) and the real value, the performance of adaptive beamforming methods is degraded. When the signal SV is known exactly but the sample size is small, the performance degradation can also occur. The second kind of degradation is mainly due to the mismatch between the sample covariance matrix and the real one. Almost all existing robust adaptive beamformers are proposed to improve the robustness against these two types of mismatch. Indeed, most of them are user parameter dependent, and the user parameter-free robust beamformers are scarce. As one of the shrinkage methods, the general linear combination (GLC) based beamformer is a good user parameter-free robust beamformer. However, it is only suitable for the scenarios with low sample size and/or small SV mismatch. In this paper, we propose a new robust beamformer, and it is based on general linear combination in tandem with SV estimation (GLCSVE). The proposed approach is superior to GLC in two aspects. One is that the GLCSVE beamformer performs well not only with small but also with large sample size. The other is that the GLCSVE can effectively deal with a large range of SV mismatch. Moreover, the proposed GLCSVE approach is a user parameter-free robust beamformer, and is more suitable for application than the parameter dependent approaches. The idea of our method can also be used to enhance other shrinkage based beamformers.     

一种改进的迭代型鲁棒波束形成算法

为有效克服模型失配误差对自适应波束形成器的影响,该文提出了一种改进的迭代型鲁棒波束形成算法.该算法以导向矢量在期望信号来波方向区间宽度内、外的积分关系式构造新的终止条件,克服了迭代对角加载算法对终止条件参数鲁棒性不强的问题,从而进一步提高了波束形成器的输出信干噪比.仿真实验表明,提出的算法可以有效克服不同类型的模型失配误差带来的影响,能够处理较大范围的方向失配误差,且对算法中的来波方向区间宽度这一关键参数设置具有较强的鲁棒性.     

迭代对角加载采样矩阵求逆鲁棒自适应波束形成

为有效克服导向矢量大失配误差对自适应波束形成器的影响,该文提出了一种迭代对角加载采样矩阵求逆鲁棒自适应波束形成算法。该算法对传统对角加载算法进行了迭代运算,基于Capon波束形成器的最优权矢量与假定导向矢量的基本关系,将每一步得到的权矢量,对应反解出一个比导向矢量假定值更为准确的导向矢量,并替代假定值,最终逼近真实的期望信号导向矢量。提出的方法在迭代过程中只需一步递推,无需对导向矢量建立不确定集,避免了在每步迭代中运用拉格朗日数值法或凸优化法,且明显提高了波束形成器的输出信干噪比。仿真结果验证了算法的正确性和有效性。     

A Novel Adaptive Beamformer Based on Semidefinite Programming (SDP) With Magnitude Response Constraints

A novel robust adaptive beamformer, formulated as a semidefinite programming (SDP) problem, is proposed in this paper. With new constraints on the magnitude response, the beamwidth and response ripple of the robust response region can be well controlled. Moreover, only a small part of these inequality constraints on the magnitude response are active during optimization so that few degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the adaptive beamformer are consumed. Consequently, the resultant beamformer has significant improvement on signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). An important problem in the proposed beamformer is how to generate the array weight vector from the optimal semidefinite matrix. In this paper, a method utilizing the extended spectral factorization method is proposed to solve this problem. Simple implementation, flexible performance control as well as significant SINR enhancement support the practicability of the proposed method.     

相位响应固定幅度响应约束的稳健波束形成方法

传统的幅度约束波束形成器是一个非凸问题,需将原始模型化为线性规划进行间接求解。该文针对均匀线阵提出一种相位响应固定幅度响应约束(PFMC)的稳健波束形成方法。利用权矢量逆序列对应的传递函数与阵列响应函数只差一个相位因子这一性质,将阵列响应的相位设置为固定的线性相位,仅对阵列响应的实数幅度进行约束,从而得到一个凸的代价函数,最优权矢量可以利用内点法求出。同时考虑到协方差矩阵误差,利用最坏(WC)情况性能最优原理提出PFMC-WC算法改善PFMC的性能。与传统幅度约束波束形成器相比,减少了约束个数并省掉了恢复权矢量过程,从而降低了计算量。此外,由于相位响应得到保证,该文算法相对于传统算法具有更好的性能。仿真实验验证了该文算法的有效性。     

脉冲噪声环境中鲁棒的自适应波束形成方法

本文提出一种脉冲噪声环境中的自适应波束形成方法.方法假定噪声服从对称 α 稳定(S α S:Symmetric α -stable)分布,首先定义分数低阶阵列响应,然后根据最小方差无畸变响应波束形成器(MVDR)提出分数低阶最小方差无畸变响应波束形成器(FrMVDR).理论上证明了当阶数小于噪声特征指数的一半时,分数低阶阵列输出功率有界.计算机仿真实验证明了本文提出的FrMVDR波束形成器在高斯噪声和非高斯脉冲噪声环境中性能都优于MVDR和其他有关的基于分数低阶矩的波束形成器,是一种鲁棒的自适应波束形成器.     

An optimal robust adaptive beamforming in the presence of unknown mutual coupling

Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing - An optimal robust adaptive beamformer in the presence of unknown mutual coupling is proposed. In this proposed beamformer, envelopes of the received...     

宽带子阵域特征空间稳健对角减载波束形成

针对宽带子阵域自适应波束形成器在实际使用中稳健性下降、对弱信号的检测能力受信噪比限制的问题,提出了一种宽带子阵域特征空间稳健对角减载自适应波束形成方法.首先提出利用子阵域特征空间投影法修正导引向量并得到球形不确定集的估计,再利用RCB（Robust Capon Beamformer）算法得到约束条件下的最优权值.另一方面,利用子阵域互谱密度矩阵的最小特征值作为子阵域非相关噪声功率的估计并进行对角减载,以最优权值对减载矩阵波束形成得到子带波束输出,对每个窄子带重复上述处理,再将结果非相干叠加即可得到本文方法的最终结果.理论及实验分析表明方法能提高自适应波束形成器的稳健性及输出信噪比.