一种基于STFT的跳频参数估计新方法

针对STFT在进行跳频信号参数估计时,时间分辨率和频率分辨率存在固有矛盾这一问题,通过分析窗函数对跳频信号STFT变换后时频谱图的影响,提出了一种基于STFT的跳频参数估计方法。该方法直接利用窗函数参数提取跳频参数,避免了时频谱图对参数估计精度的影响。通过不断改变窗函数起始时刻及窗函数宽度,寻找时频聚集性最好的时频谱图,确定目标窗函数参数。仿真结果表明,该方法实现了跳频参数的有效估计。     

自适应时频同步压缩算法研究

提高时频分辨率对多分量非平稳信号的分析与重建具有至关重要的作用。传统的时频分析方法由于窗口固定,分析频率变化较快的信号时存在时频聚集性不高的问题,无法自适应分辨多分量信号。该文针对频率快速变化信号,利用信号的局部信息特征,提出一种自适应的时频同步压缩变换算法。该方法有效提升了已有同步压缩变换时频分辨率,特别适用于频率接近且快速变换的多分量信号。同时,利用可分性条件,该文提出利用局部瑞利熵值对自适应窗口参数进行估计。最后,通过对合成信号和实测信号分析,证明了所提方法的可行性,对分析和重建复杂非平稳信号具有重要意义。     

基于自项窗的WVD交叉项抑制技术

为了解决维格纳-维利分布(WVD)的交叉项干扰问题,提出一种覆盖自项支撑区的时频窗——自项窗,通过对信号的WVD进行加窗处理,得到改进的时频分布。首先分析了多分量信号WVD中自项和交叉项的不同特点,接着论述了自项窗法的原理及自项窗的构造方法,分析了改进的时频分布的性质,最后进行了仿真验证。结果表明,自项窗法能够有效消除WVD中的交叉项,并保留WVD良好的时频分辨率和能量聚集性,适合于非平稳信号的时频分析。     

基于先验估计的自适应Chirplet信号展开

该文提出一种新的时频表示方法--自适应线性调频小波(Chirplet)信号展开算法。算法基于信号本征空间,融参数的初值估计和精确估计于一体,利用匹配追踪算法将信号自适应地展开在高斯线性调频小波基函数集上。通过展开系数和基函数参数获得信号的时频分布,其时频聚集性、抗噪性和时频分辨率不仅优于一般的时频分布而且优于已有的自适应时频分布,可以更好地刻画信号的本质。应用数值仿真检验了算法的有效性和时频分布的优良性能。     

STFT在跳频信号分析中的应用

跳频信号分析一直是通信领域研究的热点，用时频分布来分析跳频信号是一种很有效的方法。时频分析有多种方法，其中小波变换时频分布对信号中夹杂的噪声非常敏感，维格纳威利分布虽然具有很好的时频聚集性，但分析多分量信号时存在严重的交叉干扰项。经典的STFT(Short Time Fourier Trans form)是一种很好的时频工具，本文对多种窗函数以及同一窗函数不同参数的STFT进行了Matlab仿真，仿真结果表明，选择合适的窗函数及其相关参数，会使STFT在跳频信号分析中取得令人满意的效果。     

基于熵调整模糊c-均值聚类的时频能量混合模型

本文提出了一种改进由时频不相交分量组成信号的双线性时频分布的分辨率和可读性的方法。用修正的Xie-Beni聚类有效性指标对熵调整模糊c-均值聚类算法进行拓展将模糊聚类与密度估计相结合,实现了信号时频分量的识别和建模;信号的时频能量混合模型给出了信号分量的数目及其在时频面上所占据的区域。这些信息可以用于分离信号分量,设计适合于每个分离分量的光滑核。仿真结果表明,对于由时频不相交分量组成的信号,本方法可以识别出其中的信号分量,并得到较优的时频分布。     

一种用于地震信号分析的二阶挤压小波变换算法

地震信号分析在地质岩性、储层、流体、沉积相带的检测,以及地层界面识别与储层分析、地震资料处理和解释等方面具有重要研究意义。针对现有时频分析算法在处理地震信号时,存在时频分辨率低、能量聚集性差等问题,该文以Ricker子波为数学模型,提出了一种新的2阶挤压小波变换算法(SWT2)。考虑到传统时频同步压缩变换中的瞬时频率估计对地震信号失效,利用改进的母小波对地震信号进行匹配,进而通过谱峰对齐对参考频率进行修正,从而提升时频能量聚集性和时频分辨率。仿真实验结果表明,提出的2阶挤压小波变换算法可以极大地提升地震信号的时频聚集性,精确地反映信号的时延和主频,对地层结构的刻画更加精确。     

一种基于多窗宽度STFT的PSWFs信号时频分析方法

固定窗宽度的短时傅里叶变换(Short Time Fourier Transform,STFT)时频分辨率是固定的,难以对频率时变的椭圆球面波函数(Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions,PSWFs)信号的时频分布特性进行全面分析.剖析了窗宽度对不同参数PSWFs信号STFT时频分布的影响,...     

基于Wigner分布时频遮隔的信号分解算法

综合特征值分解及Wigner分布时频遮隔提出了一种信号分解算法,并推广应用于其他交叉项抑制时频表示.对于由时频面上互不重叠分量合成的多分量信号,证明了信号分量可与各分量Wigner分布之和的逆Fourier变换的特征值分解相对应;通过阈值法可从抑制交叉项时频表示获得信号时频支撑区域,以此为模板遮隔Wigner分布可减少交叉项并保持自项聚集性,其逆Fourier变换的特征值分解就可实现多分量信号分解.仿真实例分析结果表明了该理论与算法的正确性和实用性.最后分析了算法性能并拓展了其实用范围.     

基于最优Bohman窗的改进S变换电能质量扰动特征精确快速提取方法

针对传统S变换存在时频分辨率低且计算量大的问题,该文提出一种基于最优Bohman窗的改进S变换。该方法通过直接控制窗长获得最优时频分辨率,同时只针对主要频率点进行时频分析,实现对各类扰动信号特征的精确快速提取。首先根据所提评价标准确定最优长度参数;其次将采样信号进行快速傅里叶变换得到FFT频谱,再通过基于极大值包络的动态测度快速算法确定主要频率点;然后根据主要频率点所处频段选择对应最优长度参数进行计算处理;最后根据模时频矩阵计算时频幅值向量完成时频特征提取。仿真分析和实验结果表明,所提方法相较于传统S变换具有更高的时频分辨率和更短的计算时间,适用于电能质量扰动信号特征的精确快速提取。     

SAR target detection based on the optimal fractional Gabor spectrum feature

In this paper, an algorithm based on fractional time-frequency spectrum feature is proposed to improve the accuracy of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target detection. By extending fractional Gabor transform (FrGT) into two dimensions, the fractional time-frequency spectrum feature of an image can be obtained. In the achievement process, we search for the optimal order and design the optimal window function to accomplish the two-dimensional optimal FrGT. Finally, the energy attenuation gradient (EAG) feature of the optimal time-frequency spectrum is extracted for high-frequency detection. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a good performance in SAR target detection and lays the foundation for recognition.     

基于Gabor变换的超声回波信号时频估计

 在无损检测中,超声回波往往是一个重叠较严重,含有噪声的多回波信号。根据Gabor变换时频分析的特点,该文提出一种基于Gabor变换的超声回波信号时频估计方法。该文建立回波信号与Gabor变换分析窗函数相似度(即距离)模型,通过模型相似度最小化问题转化为求解回波信号Gabor变换系数模的最大值来估计回波信号的传播时间(TOF)和中心频率(CF),最后推导它们的克拉美-罗界(CRLB)以评价算法的性能。Monte Carlo仿真和实验结果表明该文提出的算法,无论对低信噪比的单回波信号或重叠的多回波信号都能达到较高的精度,而且估计的均方误差在高信噪比时,达到CRLB,即使在低信噪比,也接近CRLB。     

Adaptive phase extraction: incorporating the Gabor transform in the matching pursuit algorithm

Short-time Fourier transform (STFT), Gabor transform (GT), wavelet transform (WT), and the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) are just some examples of time-frequency analysis methods which are frequently applied in biomedical signal analysis. However, all of these methods have their individual drawbacks. The STFT, GT, and WT have a time-frequency resolution that is determined by algorithm parameters and the WVD is contaminated by cross terms. In 1993, Mallat and Zhang introduced the matching pursuit (MP) algorithm that decomposes a signal into a sum of atoms and uses a cross-term free pseudo-WVD to generate a data-adaptive power distribution in the time-frequency space. Thus, it solved some of the problems of the GT and WT but lacks phase information that is crucial e.g., for synchronization analysis. We introduce a new time-frequency analysis method that combines the MP with a pseudo-GT. Therefore, the signal is decomposed into a set of Gabor atoms. Afterward, each atom is analyzed with a Gabor analysis, where the time-domain gaussian window of the analysis matches that of the specific atom envelope. A superposition of the single time-frequency planes gives the final result. This is the first time that a complete analysis of the complex time-frequency plane can be performed in a fully data-adaptive and frequency-selective manner. We demonstrate the capabilities of our approach on a simulation and on real-life magnetoencephalogram data.     

Complete Gabor transformation for signal representation

Properties of the Gabor transformation used for image representation are discussed. The properties can be expressed in matrix notation, and the complete Gabor coefficients can be found by multiplying the inverse of the Gabor (1946) matrix and the signal vector. The Gabor matrix can be decomposed into the product of a sparse constant complex matrix and another sparse matrix that depends only on the window function. A fast algorithm is suggested to compute the inverse of the window function matrix, enabling discrete signals to be transformed into generalized nonorthogonal Gabor representations efficiently. A comparison is made between this method and the analytical method. The relation between the window function matrix and the biorthogonal functions is demonstrated. A numerical computation method for the biorthogonal functions is proposed.     

Adaptive instantaneous frequency estimation of multicomponent FMsignals using quadratic time-frequency distributions

An adaptive approach to the estimation of the instantaneous frequency (IF) of nonstationary mono- and multicomponent FM signals with additive Gaussian noise is presented. The IF estimation is based on the fact that quadratic time-frequency distributions (TFDs) have maxima around the IF law of the signal. It is shown that the bias and variance of the IF estimate are functions of the lag window length. If there is a bias-variance tradeoff, then the optimal window length for this tradeoff depends on the unknown IF law. Hence, an adaptive algorithm with a time-varying and data-driven window length is needed. The adaptive algorithm can utilize any quadratic TFD that satisfies the following three conditions: First, the IF estimation variance given by the chosen distribution should be a continuously decreasing function of the window length, whereas the bias should be continuously increasing so that the algorithm will converge at the optimal window length for the bias-variance tradeoff, second, the time-lag kernel filter of the chosen distribution should not perform narrowband filtering in the lag direction in order to not interfere with the adaptive window in that direction; third, the distribution should perform effective cross-terms reduction while keeping high resolution in order to be efficient for multicomponent signals. A quadratic distribution with high resolution, effective cross-terms reduction and no lag filtering is proposed. The algorithm estimates multiple IF laws by using a tracking algorithm for the signal components and utilizing the property that the proposed distribution enables nonparametric component amplitude estimation. An extension of the proposed TFD consisting of the use of time-only kernels for adaptive IF estimation is also proposed     

High Resolution Time-Frequency Distribution Based on Short-Time Sparse Representation

This paper focuses on the high resolution time-frequency distribution (TFD) of multicomponent signals with amplitude and frequency modulations, and a concise method named short-time sparse representation (STSR) is proposed. In STSR, both analysis and synthesis of the discrete signal can be achieved by exploiting the signal’s sparsity in frequency domain at each time instant. In order to fasten the STSR procedure, an efficient sparse recovery algorithm named SL0 is applied, and the signal model for each sliding window is modified to form the same dictionary, which guarantees that the whole recovery procedure adapts to the matrix form. The performance of STSR is compared with other TFD techniques and assessed in various configurations. It is shown that both preferable representation and acceptable computational cost can be obtained.