频率方向图复合可重构寄生单极子天线阵列

提出了一种能应用于无线通讯系统的新型介质支撑开关寄生阵列天线.基于八木天线原理,天线可以实现频率及方向图的复合可重构.所引入的开关用来切换不同状态的工作频率并实现方向图的扫描.地支结构用来改善天线的阻抗匹配并展宽频带.测量结果表明:天线阵列可以在保证回波损耗小于-10 dB的情况下完全覆盖1710～1880 MHz、1...     

基于有理逼近和MBPE结合恢复天线方向图

有理函数逼近和MBPE(Model-based parameter estimation)结合技术在数值逼近方面应用广泛.从插值定理出发,结合有理函数逼近理论和MBPE技术,提出了一种新的二维数值逼近方法,给出了其中参数的选取规则.该方法能够较好的恢复天线的空间辐射方向图,将此方法用于几个具体实例得到了令人满意的结果.     

Novel Compact Model for the Radiation Pattern of UWB Antennas Using Vector Spherical and Slepian Decomposition

A new compact model is described for the 3D radiation pattern of an ultrawideband antenna, using a vector spherical and Slepian decomposition. Vector spherical modes are known to provide a good basis for the angular dependency of the radiation pattern. This paper is the first to extend such a model to also incorporate the frequency dependency of a radiation pattern. This is achieved by using a Slepian mode expansion. It is shown that this model requires considerably less coefficients than traditional sampling to accurately describe a frequency-dependent 3D radiation pattern. Also, generating the Slepian modes is computationally more efficient than comparable techniques, such as the singularity expansion method (SEM). The coefficients can then directly be used to efficiently calculate performance measures such as the antenna Fidelity Factor for all angles $(phi,theta )$ without reconstructing the radiation pattern, or to reduce the noise contribution.      

Realizable feed-element patterns and optimum aperture efficiency inmultibeam antenna systems

The results of an earlier paper by Y. Rahmat-Samii et al. (ibid., vol.AP-29, pp.961-3, 1981), regarding realizable patterns from feed elements that are part of an array that feeds a reflector antenna, are extended. The earlier paper used a cos^q &thetas; model for the element radiation pattern, whereas here a parametric study is performed, using a model that assumes a central beam of cos^q &thetas; shape, with a constant sidelobe level outside the central beam. Realizable q-values are constrained by the maximum directivity based on feed element area. The optimum aperture efficiency (excluding array feed network losses) in an array-reflector system is evaluated as a function of element spacing using this model as well as the model of the earlier paper. Experimental data for tapered slot antenna arrays are in agreement with the conclusions based on the model     

Research on circularly polarized conical-beam antennas

This antenna is intended for communication between a stationary satellite and mobile stations, and is designed to possess circularly polarized conical beams. It generates a beam in the desired direction, by means of changing the inclination angle of the linear-antenna elements, and the spacing between the antenna elements, without phase shifters. The antenna inclination angle (α), the antenna length (e), the distance between antenna elements (d), and the radius of the circular reflector (R), are adopted as parameters, and optimum values for the directivity of the research objective are obtained by calculation. Four elements of the antenna are fed by in-phase signals, the distances between elements are set to appropriate lengths, and by providing spatial phase differences of 90°, circularly polarized waves are obtained. The antenna elements are fundamentally monopole radiators. Ultimately, the antenna parameters were determined as follows: ℒ=0.64λ (120 mm), R=0.43λ (80 mm), α=45°, and d=0.48λ (90 mm). In the calculation, the frequency was set to 1.6 GHz. It was seen that the beam radiation intensity took the maximum value in the angular range of &thetas;=30° to 60°, and that the &thetas; and φ components of the electric field were approximately equal. In other words, the radiated waves were circularly polarized. An experiment for measuring the directivity of the circularly polarized conical-beam antenna was carried out by using four monopole antennas, and the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis was confirmed. Experiments were carried out for the impedance and directivity     

新型套筒天线的研究与应用

采用矩量法分析了安装在金属圆柱筒上的套筒天线.研究了这种新型套筒天线的输入阻抗、电压驻波比(VSWR)、增益及辐射方向图等电特性.设计出了工作在105～420MHz频段和225～600MHz频段的实用天线,分析结果与实验结果吻合良好.     

The modeling and measurement of HF antenna skywave radiationpatterns in irregular terrain

The method of moments (MoM) was used in conjunction with the geometric theory of diffraction (GTD) for predicting the elevation-plane radiation patterns of simple high-frequency (HF) vertical monopoles and horizontal dipoles situated in irregular terrain. The three-dimensional terrain was approximated by seven connected flat plates that were very wide relative to the largest wavelength of interest. The plate length along the terrain profile was the longest possible that still adequately followed the shape of the path on the azimuth of the elevation pattern of interest and no shorter than 1 wavelength at the lowest frequency of interest. The MoM model was used to determine the antenna currents under the assumption that the terrain was planar (i.e., locally flat) over the distance pertinent to establishing the input impedance. The currents thus derived were used as inputs to the GTD model to determine the gain versus elevation angle of the antennas for HF skywave when situated in the irregular terrain. The surface wave solution for groundwave was not included since this does not appreciably contribute any effect to the skywave far-field patterns at HF in this case. The model predictions were made using perfect electric conducting (PEC) plates and using thin plates made of lossy dielectric material with the same conductivity and relative permittivity as measured for the soil. These computed results were compared with experimental elevation-plane pattern data obtained using a single-frequency helicopter-borne beacon transmitter towed on a long dielectric rope in the far field on a linear path directly over the antennas. The monopoles and dipoles were situated in front of, on top of, and behind a hill whose elevation above the flat surrounding terrain was about 45 m. The patterns of all of the antenna types and sitings exhibited diffraction effects caused by the irregular terrain, with the largest effects being observed at the highest measurement frequency (27 MHz)     

Evaluating near-field radiation patterns of commercial antennas

A source reconstruction technique from the measured near fields is proposed to obtain a set of equivalent currents that will characterize the forward and backward radiation patterns of an antenna. Once the equivalent sources are determined, the electromagnetic field at any aspect angle and distance from the antenna can be calculated. In this paper, the method is applied to the evaluation of the radiation from commercial antennas at any observation point. The electric field patterns of a DCS base station antenna at 1800 MHz and a horn antenna at 2500 MHz have been calculated and plotted at several distances from the antenna. This method can be used in characterizing the "reference volumes" or exclusion zones for transmitting antennas dealing with the maximum levels of electromagnetic radiation safe for human exposure, as stated in many national and international regulations.     

Microstrip antenna on a conical surface

A theoretical analysis of microstrip antennas on conical conducting surfaces is presented. The resonant frequency, input impedance, radiation pattern, quality factor, and efficiency are obtained for a general geometry. Numerical results for a patch antenna with a cone angle &thetas;₀=33.88° operating in the fundamental TM₀₁ mode are shown     

利用贴片天线的奇偶模实现宽频带辐射零点扫描

设计了一款方向图分集的宽频带贴片天线。该天线由矩形贴片与共面波导馈电结构组成。贴片工 作在偶模或奇模状态,分别对应边射和水平全向辐射方向图。两个辐射模式由一个尺寸为35 mm×14. 5 mm 的馈电 网络激励。馈电网络中的微带线-槽结构和共面波导(CPW)结构分别产生同向和反向电场,从而分别激励贴片的奇 模和偶模,实现宽频带和高隔离。测试结果显示,天线的工作频段为2. 17~2. 95 GHz,工作带宽为780 MHz(31%)。 基于这两个辐射模式,天线可在特定角度产生辐射零点以对抗恶意干扰,且零点的角度随工作频率的变化呈线性变 化规律。该天线可用于MIMO 等智能通信系统。     

Wideband monopole antenna for DVB-T applications

A novel asymmetric fork-like monopole antenna for digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) signal reception for application in the UHF band is presented. The proposed antenna consists of two two-branch strip monopoles on a rectangular ground plane with a concave. The concavity in the ground pattern serves as an effective means for the gap between the radiating element and the ground plane for impedance matching. The influence of various parameters on antenna characteristics has been investigated. Results show a wide bandwidth of 461 MHz (451?912 MHz) or 70% of DVB-T centred frequency (655 MHz). The proposed antenna has omnidirectional radiation patterns in the yz-plane. Details of the proposed antenna design and experimental results of the constructed prototypes are presented.     

用MBPE快速计算三维导体RCS的频空特性

该文系统研究了MBPE技术求解三维理想导体雷达散射截面(RCS)的宽频带特性。通过把电流在感兴趣的频率点处采用泰勒级数或者Pade有理函数展开,来获得理想导体某频带范围内的电流,从而可求出宽带雷达散射截面。同时,该文还将有理逼近应用于RCS的空域和频域双内插。数值结果表明MBPE技术获得的结果与确切解在宽频带、大角度范围内吻合良好,计算效率大大提高。     

Wideband Antenna Patterns and Impulse Response of Broadband RF Phased Arrays With RF and Photonic Beamforming

The general expression for a monochromatic antenna pattern is extended to a two dimensional function with dependence on both space and time. Expressions for the wideband antenna pattern in space and the impulse response in time are developed. The effects of random errors in the spatial domain and errors common to all elements with fluctuations in the frequency domain are analyzed. Examples are given, including RF beamformers and elements in finite arrays, but with an emphasis on a photonic beamformer, which shows improved performance relative to its RF counterparts in both the spatial and time domains     

Compact varactor-tuned meander line monopole antenna for DVB-H signal reception

A compact varactor-tuned meander line monopole antenna for DVB-H signal reception is presented. The operating frequency of the antenna is continuously tuned over the frequency range of the DVB-H standard 470-702 MHz. The antenna has an omnidirectional radiation pattern and covers the frequency range with requisite impedance bandwidth and gain level. The antenna element occupies a very small volume (0.7 cm³ ) and can be used in 40 x 100 x 10 mm devices.     

A radiation center representation of antenna radiation patterns ona complex platform

A sparse model of the antenna radiation pattern on a complex platform is presented. This representation is based on a point radiator model that describes the radiation pattern by a collection of radiation centers on the platform. The methodology for obtaining the radiation center model is presented. It entails first generating the three-dimensional (3-D) antenna synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) imagery of the platform and then parameterizing the resulting image by a collection of point radiators via the CLEAN algorithm. It is shown that once such a representation is obtained, we can reconstruct and extrapolate antenna radiation patterns over frequencies and aspects with good fidelity, thus achieving high data compression ratio. Furthermore, it is shown that the resulting radiation center information can be used to pinpoint cause-and-effect in platform scattering and provide important guidelines for reducing platform effects     

机械天线通信技术研究现状

与电调天线相较,机械天线具有全新的电气参数定义,其信号的频率只与携带辐射场的物质机械运动的频率相关,因而克服了电调天线信号频率对天线尺寸的依赖,可以用小型设备产生低频信号,应用于水下和地下便携式低频通信设备的设计中。从辐射场特性、辐射场发生装置以及信息加载三个方面介绍了机械天线通信系统的研究现状,总结了机械天线发展需要重点解决的技术难点。     

一种宽带印刷套筒天线的设计

提出了一种宽带印刷套筒天线,此天线通过选择三角渐变的辐射贴片和平面的套筒结构实现了宽频带特性,在VSWR<2.5 时实测阻抗带宽可覆盖450～1150 MHz,可用于覆盖数字电视频段（470～862 MHz）。同时辐射方向图在水平面也具有良好的全向性。通过顶加载的形式有效地降低了天线的实际高度。     

Analysis of Interdigital Surface Wave Transducers by Use of an Equivalent Circuit Model

Immittance, transfer, and scattering characteristics are studied for acoustic surface wave transducers of the interdigital electrode form. Linear network models are used to represent the transducer as a chain of identical three-ports which are acoustically in cascade but electrically in parallel. Transducer operation at acoustic synchronism is described theoretically and compared to current experimental data for transducers operating at 100 MHz and fabricated on lithium niobate. Favorable lithium niobate configurations for efficient, broad-band transducer operation are given. Scattering characteristics as a function of electric load are discussed. Low values of acoustic reflection loss are predicted theoretically and observed experimentally when the electric load and transducer capacitance are in resonance. The frequency dependence of transducer radiation immittance is studied, and the response is found to be analogous to the response of an endfire antenna array.     

矩形微带贴片天线的设计与仿真

根据微带天线的辐射原理,对天线参数确定进行了理论分析,设计了一种中心频率为447MHz的矩形微带贴片天线。利用HFSS软件对其进行了建模和仿真验证。仿真结果表明,天线的S参数、方向图和输入阻抗均达到了微带贴片天线的设计要求,基于HFSS软件的设计方法能够快速、高效地完成微带天线的设计,且设计的微带天线具有良好的性能指标。