红外图像处理技术现状及发展趋势

红外热成像系统因其成像波长较长,导致了红外图像存在噪声大、对比度低、非均匀性大、空间分辨力差等缺陷,为克服这些缺陷,自红外热成像技术诞生之初,红外探测器材料、制造工艺和成像电子学组件的研究便成为三大热点研究方向。在当前电子学硬件平台趋于完善的条件下,先进的红外图像处理技术能够有效地提高红外成像系统的性能及其应用效果,受到了世界各国科技工作者的广泛关注,各种研究成果不断涌现。本文从提高红外图像的温度分辨能力出发,重点对非均匀性校正技术、图像细节增强技术的研究现状进行了总结,并对红外图像处理技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

非制冷红外热成像系统图像算法评估技术

非制冷焦平面的非均匀性和噪声是限制非制冷红外热成像系统性能的主要因素,图像处理是非制冷红外热成像系统的关键技术之一.研制了非制冷红外热成像系统的图像算法评估系统,系统由高温黑体、低温黑体、红外光学系统、焦平面驱动电路、热电温控电路、信号处理系统、计算机和评估软件等构成,利用该系统可以将微测辐射热计非制冷红外焦平面各像元的输出信号数字化后传输给计算机,实现对焦平面的非均匀测试,同时可以通过软件对各种图像处理算法的效果进行分析和评估,为非制冷红外热成像的图像处理算法的选择提供依据,文中给出了实验结果.     

起重机械金属结构缺陷的热成像技术研究

对起重机械金属结构裂纹缺陷的识别是红外热成像检测技术的新方向。介绍了脉冲红外热成像技术检测原理,设计了脉冲红外热成像检测系统,并根据脉冲红外热成像检测系统搭建了脉冲红外热成像检测系统实验平台。采用中值滤波和巴特沃斯低通滤波对实验中采集到的红外图像进行图像处理,并针对以上算法处理后缺陷轮廓边缘模糊的问题,提出了巴特沃斯带通滤波算法。对图像进行阈值分割、边缘检测后提取出缺陷轮廓特征,根据平板试件的实际尺寸和轮廓特征图像像素之间的换算关系,最终得到裂纹缺陷的识别精度。经过对比验证,脉冲红外热成像技术可以满足对起重机械金属结构裂纹缺陷检测的检测需求。     

起重机械金属结构缺陷的热成像技术研究

对起重机械金属结构裂纹缺陷的识别是红外热成像检测技术的新方向。介绍了脉冲红外热成像技术检测原理,设计了脉冲红外热成像检测系统,并根据脉冲红外热成像检测系统搭建了脉冲红外热成像检测系统实验平台。采用中值滤波和巴特沃斯低通滤波对实验中采集到的红外图像进行图像处理,并针对以上算法处理后缺陷轮廓边缘模糊的问题,提出了巴特沃斯带通滤波算法。对图像进行阈值分割、边缘检测后提取出缺陷轮廓特征,根据平板试件的实际尺寸和轮廓特征图像像素之间的换算关系,最终得到裂纹缺陷的识别精度。经过对比验证,脉冲红外热成像技术可以满足对起重机械金属结构裂纹缺陷检测的检测需求。     

外场提高红外图像质量研究

红外成像系统在外场复杂使用环境条件下,背景复杂,雾气水汽大,影响成像质量。本文对红外图像非均匀性进行分析,对红外图像非均匀性校正技术和红外图像增强技术综合应用进行探析。     

256元线阵PtSi SB-IRCCD热成像技术研究

本文简述了256元线阵PtSi肖特基势垒红外电荷耦合器件(以下简称SB-IRCCD)的基本工作原理,介绍了IRCCD热成像总体方案及该线阵图像传感器热成像系统的设计。系统设计采用了微机技术,利用Z80—CPU作为摄像机控制处理核心,配合专门的图像帧存贮器来进行图像处理,补偿器件均匀性,抑制固定图像噪声(FPN)及提高信噪比(S/N),降低最小可分辨温差。摄像机系统采用慢存快读的方式,实现显示标准化,与标准电视制式兼容,便于直接与标准视频记录,处理或分析设备接口。最后介绍模拟红外热成像实验情况。     

基于红外图像处理的建筑外窗缺陷能耗分析研究

将红外热成像技术与图像处理技术结合，用压差法进行建筑外窗空气渗透检测。通过红外热成像仪对建筑外窗进行红外图片采集，利用图像处理技术对采集的外窗图像进行红外图像处理，针对红外图像中的异常区域对外窗缺陷进行检测，并进行缺陷的面积计算，建立外窗缺陷红外检测模型。根据实验测得的室内外温差、外窗缺陷面积、空气渗透量建立建筑外窗空气渗透量计算模型，将模型与建筑外窗缺陷红外检测模型结合，对外窗缺陷引发的能耗进行定量分析。结果表明：对外窗缺陷进行维护，能够减少外窗耗能，提高外窗节能。外窗每减少1 cm2的空气渗透面积，每年能够节能66146 kJ；外窗气密性能等级每提高1级，单位面积外窗每年能够节能110012 kJ。     

红外焦平面阵列成像动态仿真系统

红外热像仪的研制离不开各种图像处理算法的设计、仿真和优化；结合虚拟仪器技术和可编程多模式驱动技术，开发了红外焦平面阵列成像动态仿真系统软硬件平台；利用这一平台，通过图形化软件编程, 可进行多模式红外焦平面阵列的各种图像处理算法的动态仿真，实时验证其成像效果，及时进行修改和优化。工程应用实践表明：系统对盲元检测与补偿、非均匀性校正和直方图修正等算法的验证与优化取得了满意的效果；该系统为红外热像仪设计仿真、算法的适用性和实时性验证以及算法的优化提供了灵活实用的工具。     

焦平面制冷红外热像仪信号处理系统设计

随着焦平面制冷阵列(IRFPA)红外探测器制造工艺的日益成熟,制冷热像仪以其成像质量好,分辨率高等特点在军事、公安、监控等领域有着广泛的应用前景。采用法国SOFRADIR320×256焦平面制冷中波红外探测器,与FPGA、高速DSP和现代图像处理技术相结合构成实时红外成像及处理系统。分析了与红外热像仪成像质量密切相关的红外信号处理系统关键技术和实现方法,详细描述了实时非均匀性校正、图像采集、直方图均衡等算法以及在系统设计中应注意的问题。     

非致冷红外焦平面的噪声分析与非均匀性校正研究

非致冷红外焦平面阵列探测器具备体积小、无需致冷的优点,具有广泛的应用前景.然而非均匀性问题一直是制约其应用的根本原因,也是目前红外热成像研究的热点.论文通过分析实际的红外图像噪声特性,从图像恢复的角度,提出非均匀性校正的具体方案,并比较这两种图像恢复方案的实际效果,最后指出红外图像非均匀性校正算法的研究和发展的可能方向.     

Technology innovation and process integrations for sub-100nm gate patterning

This paper presents a brief overview of the Applied Centura(R)DPS(R)system,configured with silicon etch DPS Ⅱ chamber, with emphasis on discussing tuning capability for CD uniformity control. It also presents the studies of etch process chemistry and film integration impact for an overall successful gate patterning development. Discussions will focus on resolutions to key issues, such as CD uniformity, line-edge roughness, and multilayer film etching integration.     

White organic light-emitting devices based on fac tris（2- phenylpyridine） iridium sensitized 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnap -hthacene

We have fabricated the white organic light-emitting devices （WOLEDs） based on 4,4＇ -bis（2,2 -diphenyl vinyl）-1,1＇ - biphenyl （DPVBi） and phosphorescence sensitized 5,6,11,12,-tetraphenylnaphthacene （rubrene）. The device structure is ITO/2T-NATA （20 nm）/NPBX （20 nm）/CBP： x%Ir（ppy）3：0.5% rubrene （8 nm）/NPBX （5 nm）/DPVBi （30 nm）/Alq（30 nm）/LiF（0.5 nm）/A1. In the devices, DPVBi acts as a blue light-emitting layer, the rubrene is sensitized by a phosphorescent material, fac tris （2-phenylpyridine） iridium [Ir（ppy）3], acts as a yellow light-emitting layer, and N,N＇ -bis- （1-naphthyl）- N,N＇ -diphenyl -1, 1＇ -biphenyl-4,4＇ -diamine （NPBX） acts as a hole transporting and exciton blocker layer, respectively. When the concentration of Ir （PPY）3 is 6wt%, the maximum luminance is 24960 cd/m^2 at an applied voltage of 15 V, and the maximum luminous efficiency is 5.17 cd/A at an applied voltage of 8 V.     

Complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for ellipse feature

To meet the need of automatic image features extraction with high precision in visual inspection, a complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for similar-ellipse feature is proposed. In the method, the feature area is identified automatically based on the edge attribute, and the sub-pixel center location is accomplished with the leastsquare algorithm. It shows that the method is valid, practical, and has high precision by experiment. Meanwhile this method can meet the need of instrumentation of visual inspection because of easy realization and without man-machine interaction.     

小角度扩展相关性近似算法分析

本论文提出一种在多天线MIMO信道相关性建模中小角度扩展近似理论算法,并应用于分析MIMO系统性能。分析中分别对三种不同角能量分布情况下的空间相关性研发快速近似计算法,并同时提出双模(Bi-Modal)角能量分布情况下的近似运算。通过分析这些新方法的近似效率,可以得到计算简单、复杂度低、而且符合实际的MIMO相关信道矩阵,对系统级的快速高效计算法的研究和系统级的评估以及误差分析具有重要的意义。     

A Versatile Mixed-Signal Pin Approach for Cost-Effective Test of Automotive ICs

Integrated circuits (ICs) intended for increasingly sophisticated automotive applications bring unique test demands. Advanced ICs for applications such as highly integrated automatic braking system (ABS) and airbag controllers combine high voltage digital channels, significant VI demands and precise timing capability. Along with continued missioncritical reliability concerns, the trend toward higher voltage operation and increased device integration requires specialized test capabilities able to extend across the wide operating ranges found in automotive applications. Among these capabilities, automotive test requirements increasingly dictate a need for a cost-effective versatile mixed-signal pin electronics with very high data rates reaching up to 50MHz with a voltage swing of-2 V to +28 V.     

Optical vibration and deviation measurement of rotating machine parts

It is of interest to get appropriate information about the dynamic behaviour of rotating machinery parts in service. This paper presents an approach of optical vibration and deviation measurement of such parts. Essential of this method is an image derotator combined with a high speed camera or a laser doppler vibrometer （LDV）.     

INTEGRATION OF OPTICAL AND WIRELESS NETWORKS

正For a long time,optical and wireless systems/net-works are developed in separate communities witha few attempts for in-depth convergence.In fact,it prom-ises many advantages to combine the optical and wire-less technologies in the levels of systems and networks.Recently,both academia and industry have made manyefforts to enter a new phase of development to take op-tical and wireless systems as fully integrated networks.To provide high bandwidth and reliable service for bothfixed and mobile users,a well-designed network must     

社长序言（英文）

正Happy New Year!As we step into a new year,we take a look back at the key feature topics covered in China Communications over the past 12 months and set out our expecta-     

云计算专题（英文）

正Cloud computing is a novel computing paradigm that utilizes remote cloud resources to achieve a high-performance computation.Cloud provides infrastructure,platform and software as different on-demand services.China has made remarkable progress in cloudbased products and operating system technology.The government,enterprises and research institutions are all active in the development of cloud computing-related projects.Despite the progress,many important problems     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.3,2015

正Smart Grid Communications The electric power industry is undergoing profound changes as the industry aims to capture the promise of a smart grid for a sustainable energy future.Enabled by the advanced sensing devices such as Phasor Measurement Units(PMUs),increasingly powerful