基于人眼视觉特性的自适应中值滤波算法

为了在滤除图像椒盐噪声的同时能很好地保持图像的细节,提出了一种基于人眼视觉特性(HVS)的自适应中值滤波算法.该方法首先采用基于HVS的噪声敏感系数作为阈值来确定噪声点,然后自适应调整滤波窗口大小,采用迭代中值滤波对噪声点进行滤波.该算法与标准中值(SM)滤波及其它改进中值滤波算法相比,具有更好的滤波性能.     

海上激光雷达强度-空间联合滤波方法

针对水面无人艇（USV）近距离海上实时目标检测时受海杂波影响严重的问题，结合海杂波空间分布特征和点云回波强度信息，提出了一种强度-空间联合过滤方法。该方法首先将点云按照距离做区域划分；接着对不同区域根据激光回波强度随距离的变化关系设置初始阈值，过滤原始点云低强度海杂波；然后对剩余的点云采取离群点滤波算法，过滤稀疏高强度海杂波，得到目标点云；最后提取离群点滤波中的空间离群点强度特征，对强度阈值滤波参数进行自适应修正。滤波方法在实船上进行了测试，实验结果表明相比于现有的全局激光回波强度阈值过滤方法，所提算法在性能上有明显提升，应用于聚类算法后其虚警率和漏警率分别平均降低了4.34%和10.47%，可以为无人艇航行避碰提供有力支撑。     

基于GSC框架降秩自适应滤波算法研究

基于对自适应滤波算法的研究可以得出,GSC(Generalized Sidelobe Canceller)框架是所有降秩滤波算法的统一基础模型,通过对GSC一般结构的降秩模型的研究。文中提出了3种能够改善一般结构结果的优化模型,PC(Prin-ciple Component)主分量算法、CS(Cross Spectrum)交叉谱算法、MWF(Mutistage Wiener Filter)多级维纳滤波器。这三种方法都是基于特征子空间截断的方法。通过对降秩矩阵T的特征值分解和重新构造,大大降低了自由度和工程运算量。该两种方法在实际应用中具有更优的实时性。仿真结果证明了提出的基于广义旁瓣相消的降秩自适应波束形成算法具有良好的降低自由度和波束形成性能,验证了算法的有效性。     

基于滤波器组的MCAF噪声对消语音增强

在自适应噪声对消语音增强系统中,为了更好地加快自适应收敛速度,又不增加系统的计算复杂度,同时达到较好的增强效果,提出基于滤波器组的多通道自适应滤波(MCAF)语音增强;给出分析滤波器组与综合滤波器组的原型滤波器设计的具体方法.自适应滤波部分采用经典的LMS算法,同时结合多通道自适应滤波(MCAF),实现对含噪语音的处理,以达到增强效果.实验结果表明,相对于传统的子带LMS算法,基于滤波器组的多通道自适应滤波具有更好的性能,且加快了计算速度.     

一种具有细节保护功能的改进型中值滤波器

针对椒盐噪声污染的图像提出了一种改进型中值滤波算法.该算法是一种自适应型中心加权的高效中值滤波算法.通过计算边缘隶属度来自适应地调整中心像素的权值,从而控制新的滤波器对图像不同区域进行不同程度的平滑,即对细节丰富的图像区域进行轻度的平滑,而对细节较少的图像区域进行重度的平滑.实验结果表明,新的滤波算法优于传统的中值滤波器及常规的中心加权中值滤波器.     

基于回溯搜索算法的导联选择脑机接口研究

在脑机接口(BCI)中,传统的共空域模式(CSP)算法在提取特征信号与事件相关去同步/同步(ERD/ERS)的信息上得到了很好的效果。但是CSP算法受限于电极导联数、EEG信号的时间段和频带等因素,如电极导联数的增加,CSP算法容易过拟合,数据记录容易混乱,使得运算变得复杂,增加运算时间,降低数据分类正确率。所以,CSP算法存在局限性。使用回溯搜索优化算法(BSA)能够为CSP算法自动挑选出一组导联数组子集,并且以分类错误率作为BSA算法的目标函数进行实验。实验采用两类实验数据(第三、四届国际BCI竞赛数据集)进行交叉验证分类实验。实验结果表明,两类数据的导联数目大幅度减少,分类正确率有所提高。     

一种基于两阶段的脉冲噪声滤除算法

本文提出了一种基于两阶段的脉冲噪声滤除方法.在算法的第一阶段,提出利用列队排序检测器(ROD)来检测图像中所有可能的脉冲噪声点.在第二阶段,对所有的噪声候选点进行自适应中值滤波,滤波窗口的尺寸大小是根据噪声密度自适应调整的.该算法能对图像的边界以及非噪声点进行保护.实验表明,本文算法在滤除脉冲噪声的同时可以有效地保护图像细节,尤其是在噪声密度非常大的情况下.     

采用自适应滤波的干扰抑制

本文叙述了自适应滤波线路增强器的基本原理及其在从宽带信号中滤除窄带干扰方面的应用。自适应数字滤波器通过使一组滤波加权动态地适应信号的特征来处理被采样的数字信号。自适应滤波线路增强器根据这些加权的相关时间的不同,使这些加权自适应于从宽带信号中分离出窄带干扰。以非递归或递归两种形式构成的滤波器分别称作有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器和无限脉冲响应(IIR)滤波器。为了计算最佳的一组加权,已经研究出一种新算法,称为可变阶跃(VS)算法。本文示出了VS算法的计算机模拟结果并将它与使用样机所测得的结果加以比较。这些测试结果表明:对于脉动正弦波或其他频率捷变干扰那样的非平稳窄带干扰,这种自适应滤波器具有极好的跟踪特性。     

融合深度特征和尺度自适应的目标跟踪算法

针对传统核相关滤波器(Kernel Correlation Filter,KCF)目标跟踪算法在复杂应用场景下准确度和成功率降低的问题,提出了一种融合深度特征和尺度自适应的抗遮挡目标跟踪算法.将传统核相关滤波算法中HOG特征替换为深度特征来建立视觉外观模型增强算法对目标特征的表达能力.通过融合DSST算法中的尺度滤波器...     

基于人眼视觉特性的混合滤波算法

为了有效地滤除混合噪声,本文提出了一种基于人眼视觉特性的混合滤波算法。该方法首先采用基于人眼视觉特性的噪声敏感系数作为阈值来确定脉冲噪声点,对检测出脉冲噪声点采用自适应窗口大小的迭代中值滤波进行滤波,而对于含有高斯噪声的像素点则采用一种保护细节的改进的自适应模糊滤波器进行处理。该算法与标准滤波方法及其它改进混合滤波算法相比,具有更好的滤波性能。     

基于草图的空间数据检索研究

 空间数据库中蕴含了大量拓扑和方向关系语义,但传统的空间数据检索方法没有很好地利用这些高层语义,针对这一局限性,本文提出了一种基于草图的空间数据检索方法,将九交集拓扑模型和深度方向矩阵引入空间数据检索,给出了一种结合拓扑与方向关系并支持地理数据库中所有数据类型的草图检索方法,基于二元约束满足问题的求解给出了检索算法,并针对实际应用给出了该算法的优化算法.最后通过开发系统原型及实际应用对本文提出的方法进行了验证.     

基于改进粒子群算法的天基预警系统资源调度方法

天基预警系统资源调度是一项重要而棘手的问题。对预警任务特性进行了分析,在此基础上提出一种基于关键点的任务分解方法,将其转换为可求解的组合优化问题;建立了问题的约束满足模型。针对该模型规模大、变量多的特点,设计一种具有快速求解能力的改进粒子群算法进行求解,该算法采取早熟避免机制,防止粒子群算法易产生的早熟现象。实验结果表明算法能够在给定时间内求得理想的调度方案。     

Regularized common spatial pattern with aggregation for EEG classification in small-sample setting

Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a popular algorithm for classifying electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in the context of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). This paper presents a regularization and aggregation technique for CSP in a small-sample setting (SSS). Conventional CSP is based on a sample-based covariance-matrix estimation. Hence, its performance in EEG classification deteriorates if the number of training samples is small. To address this concern, a regularized CSP (R-CSP) algorithm is proposed, where the covariance-matrix estimation is regularized by two parameters to lower the estimation variance while reducing the estimation bias. To tackle the problem of regularization parameter determination, R-CSP with aggregation (R-CSP-A) is further proposed, where a number of R-CSPs are aggregated to give an ensemble-based solution. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on data set IVa of BCI Competition III against four other competing algorithms. Experiments show that R-CSP-A significantly outperforms the other methods in average classification performance in three sets of experiments across various testing scenarios, with particular superiority in SSS.     

Combining spatial filters for the classification of single-trial EEG in a finger movement task

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is to provide a communication channel that translates human intention reflected by a brain signal such as electroencephalogram (EEG) into a control signal for an output device. In recent years, the event-related desynchronization (ERD) and movement-related potentials (MRPs) are utilized as important features in motor related BCI system, and the common spatial patterns (CSP) algorithm has shown to be very useful for ERD-based classification. However, as MRPs are slow nonoscillatory EEG potential shifts, CSP is not an appropriate approach for MRPs-based classification. Here, another spatial filtering algorithm, discriminative spatial patterns (DSP), is newly introduced for better extraction of the difference in the amplitudes of MRPs, and it is integrated with CSP to extract the features from the EEG signals recorded during voluntary left versus right finger movement tasks. A support vector machines (SVM) based framework is designed as the classifier for the features. The results show that, for MRPs and ERD features, the combined spatial filters can realize the single-trial EEG classification better than anyone of DSP and CSP alone does. Thus, we propose an EEG-based BCI system with the two feature sets, one based on CSP (ERD) and the other based on DSP (MRPs), classified by SVM.     

Common Spatial Pattern Ensemble Classifier and Its Application in Brain-Computer Interface

Abstract-Common spatial pattern （CSP） algorithm is a successful tool in feature estimate of brain-computer interface （BCI）. However, CSP is sensitive to outlier and may result in poor outcomes since it is based on pooling the covariance matrices of trials. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective approach, named common spatial pattern ensemble （CSPE） classifier, to improve CSP performance. Through division of recording channels, multiple CSP filters are constructed. By projection, log-operation, and subtraction on the original signal, an ensemble classifier, majority voting, is achieved and outlier contaminations are alleviated. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed CSPE classifier is robust to various artifacts and can achieve an average accuracy of 83.02%.     

Common Spatial Pattern Ensemble Classifier and Its Application in Brain-Computer Interface

Common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm is a successful tool in feature estimate of brain-computer interface (BCI). However, CSP is sensitive to outlier and may result in poor outcomes since it is based on pooling the covariance matrices of trials. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective approach, named common spatial pattern ensemble (CSPE) classifier, to improve CSP performance. Through division of recording channels, multiple CSP filters are constructed. By projection, log-operation, and subtraction on the original signal, an ensemble classifier, majority voting, is achieved and outlier contaminations are alleviated. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed CSPE classifier is robust to various artifacts and can achieve an average accuracy of 83.02%.     

改进CSP算法的联合特征优化

传统的公共空间模式分解需要大量输入通道、缺乏频域信息,文章分别从改进CSP滤波器、构建关于CSP的联合特征、优化识别过程三个方面完善CSP算法的不足。首先,提出基于S变换的公共空间滤波器成分选择算法--CSPS。并将CSPS与EMD、EEMD、双谱分析结合,构建EMD-CSPS、EEMD-CSPS、双谱-CSPS三种联合特征并比较判别效果。最后,使用优化后的联合特征,一方面,对支向量机惩罚因子和内核参数进行优化,确定惩罚因子最优取值范围和最具分类稳定性的内核函数;另一方面,分别采用支持向量机和线性判别分析进行特征识别与比较。文章设计了左右手想象运动思维任务实验,获取实验数据集,并结合BCI竞赛数据集,从分类正确率和响应时间两个指标出发,分析各优化方法有效性。结果表明:采用S变换优化后的双谱-CSPS特征在LDA分类器下,获得较高的分类正确率和较低的系统建模时间。      

Multiclass common spatial patterns and information theoretic feature extraction

We address two shortcomings of the common spatial patterns (CSP) algorithm for spatial filtering in the context of brain--computer interfaces (BCIs) based on electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG): First, the question of optimality of CSP in terms of the minimal achievable classification error remains unsolved. Second, CSP has been initially proposed for two-class paradigms. Extensions to multiclass paradigms have been suggested, but are based on heuristics. We address these shortcomings in the framework of information theoretic feature extraction (ITFE). We show that for two-class paradigms, CSP maximizes an approximation of mutual information of extracted EEG/MEG components and class labels. This establishes a link between CSP and the minimal classification error. For multiclass paradigms, we point out that CSP by joint approximate diagonalization (JAD) is equivalent to independent component analysis (ICA), and provide a method to choose those independent components (ICs) that approximately maximize mutual information of ICs and class labels. This eliminates the need for heuristics in multiclass CSP, and allows incorporating prior class probabilities. The proposed method is applied to the dataset IIIa of the third BCI competition, and is shown to increase the mean classification accuracy by 23.4% in comparison to multiclass CSP.     

L1-norm-based common spatial patterns

Common spatial patterns (CSP) is a commonly used method of spatial filtering for multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The formulation of the CSP criterion is based on variance using L2-norm, which implies that CSP is sensitive to outliers. In this paper, we propose a robust version of CSP, called CSP-L1, by maximizing the ratio of filtered dispersion of one class to the other class, both of which are formulated by using L1-norm rather than L2-norm. The spatial filters of CSP-L1 are obtained by introducing an iterative algorithm, which is easy to implement and is theoretically justified. CSP-L1 is robust to outliers. Experiment results on a toy example and datasets of BCI competitions demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.     

Spatio-spectral filters for improving the classification of single trial EEG

Data recorded in electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interface experiments is generally very noisy, non-stationary, and contaminated with artifacts that can deteriorate discrimination/classification methods. In this paper, we extend the common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm with the aim to alleviate these adverse effects. In particular, we suggest an extension of CSP to the state space, which utilizes the method of time delay embedding. As we will show, this allows for individually tuned frequency filters at each electrode position and, thus, yields an improved and more robust machine learning procedure. The advantages of the proposed method over the original CSP method are verified in terms of an improved information transfer rate (bits per trial) on a set of EEG-recordings from experiments of imagined limb movements.