AOFDM在频率选择性衰落信道下的性能分析

从理论上分析了采用速率自适应策略的OFDM(AOFDM)传输模型在频率选择性信道下性能表现;并给出频谱效率及平均误码率的理论公式。结果表明,采用自适应调制能够在保证达到目标误码率的前提下提高频谱效率,提高的幅度与所选择的调制等级数以及子载波数有关。这对系统设计很有帮助。     

一种实现非等带宽多载波调制的新方法

传统的多载波调制都是采用对传输信道进行等带宽划分的方式。为了更好地适应信道传输特性，一个很有应用前景的发展方向是采用非等带宽划分信道的多载波调制方式。本文提出了一种利用正交小波包变换实现的非等带宽划分信道的多载波调制方法。理论分析和实验结果表明，这种方法对于提高信道的传输性能有很大的潜力。     

多载波卫星非线性信道分析

对卫星的非线性信道进行了详细分析,给出了信道仿真模型,并在此模型基础上分析了多载波信号在非线性信道中的功率回退,及其与调制方式和多载波数的关系,给出在不同系统参数下得到最优功率回退的具体方法.分析结果表明非线性信道所需的功率回退随着调制阶次和载波数的增加而增大.     

一种基于带通RAKE接收机的多载波解调方法

ＣＤＭＡ２０００采用多载波和直接序列扩频两种方式来达到提供宽带数据业务的目的。针对ＣＤＭＡ２０００前向信道的三载波调制方式,提出了一种基于带通ＲＡＫＥ接收机的多载波解调方法。这种方法避开了设计多比特的基带数字滤波器,从而大大降低了实现的复杂度。文章首先分析了三载波的调制结构。根据ＲＡＫＥ接收机的原理,推导出相应的带通ＲＡＫＥ接收机模型并给出解调结构,最后,用ＳＰＷ软件对此模型进行仿真并给出了传真结     

采用固定门限划分自适应调制的MPSK系统性能分析

自适应调制是提高系统吞吐量的一种有效技术,它通过对信道当前状况的估计,选择下一时刻发送信号的调制格式.自适应调制技术有多种方式,这里使用惩罚函数寻找固定门限,并研究了采用固定门限划分方法的MPSK系统在白噪声Rayleigh信道下的频带利用率和误码率性能.仿真结果不仅说明了自适应调制技术的有效性,而且对实际信道下自适应调制门限的划分具有一定的参考价值.     

支持车联网的无线光信道副载波调制方法

传统载波调制方法存在较高的误码率缺陷,为此提出了支持车联网的无线光信道副载波调制方法。首先建立车联网环境下的无线光信道模型,从频率和时间两个方面分析无线光信道的选择性衰落特性,然后设计无线光信道副载波调制框架,以子符号加和的方式,调制无线光信道副载波信号,支持车联网运行。实验结果:相对对比方法,在不同信道信噪比条件下,所提方法的误码率均值较三组对比方法分别减小0.000 079 5 bit/s、0.000 044 5 bit/s、0.000 002 bit/s;在不同副载波调制阶数和传输速率条件下,所提方法的无线光信道通信时具有较小的误码率。     

基于极化码的无线光通信副载波误码性能分析

提出了一种基于极化码的无线光信道副载波调制方法,给出了极化编译码的具体算法过程,并将其应用于无线光通信系统。在不同大气湍流强度下,对系统的差错性能进行了仿真分析,其重对基于极化码的二相相移键控和四相相移键控两种调制方法的误码率进行了对比,结果表明,采用极化码的副载波二相相移键控调制系统的性能优于四相相移键控系统。最后,实验比较分析了极化编码前后副载波调制系统的误比特率,结果表明,在无线光通信大气湍流信道模型下,采用副载波极化码编码调制技术可使误码率性能改善一个量级。     

非均匀多载波信道分路技术的FPGA设计方法

针对非均匀多载波整体解调中的信道分路实现问题,基于完全重构调制滤波器组的优化结构,提出一种非均匀多载波信道分路技术的FPGA设计方法。相对于均匀多载波信道分路的局限性,使得非均匀分路技术能够更加灵活地适应系统需求且易于实现。对非均匀多载波信道分路技术中涉及到的分析和综合两部分模块的FPGA实现方法进行了详细阐述,给出了硬件占用资源情况和误码测试结果,实现了多载波速率混合信号的重构。     

基于低压电力线传输网的无线光通信研究

介绍一种低压电力线传输网与无线红外传输相结合的通信机制,分析了调制方式、信号耦合方式和阻抗匹配以及影响信号传输的因素,给出了增强带负载能力和消除电力线负载效应的解决方法。实验表明,选择合适的调制方式与载波频率可降低电力线信道噪声的影响,实现了低压电力线与大气信道视距内信号稳定可靠传输,为短距离无线光通信提供一种新方法。     

宽带无线OFDM系统调制算法的仿真分析

为了根据信道条件的变化,动态地选择适当调制方式,以便最大限度地提高频谱利用率,文章采用正交频分复用（OFDM）的多载波技术,提供了在OFDM子载波上MQAM、MPSK等调制方式的仿真测试,得出了MQAM的容噪性能星座图和误比特率曲线,MPSK和MQAM误比特率随M取值的变化情况。这些分析结果为在第四代移动通信系统中,根据不同信噪比环境选择合适的调制方式提供了参考依据。     

Adaptive MIMO Transmission for Exploiting the Capacity of Spatially Correlated Channels

We consider a novel low-complexity adaptive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission technique. The approach is based on switching between low-complexity transmission schemes, including statistical beamforming, double space-time transmit diversity, and spatial multiplexing, depending on the changing channel statistics, as a practical means of approaching the spatially correlated MIMO channel capacity. We first derive new ergodic capacity expressions for each MIMO transmission scheme in spatially correlated channels. Based on these results, we demonstrate that adaptive switching between MIMO schemes yields significant capacity gains over fixed transmission schemes. We also derive accurate analytical approximations for the optimal signal-to-noise-ratio switching thresholds, which correspond to the crossing-points of the capacity curves. These thresholds are shown to vary, depending on the spatial correlation, and are used to identify key switching parameters. Finally, we propose a practical switching algorithm that is shown to yield significant spectral efficiency improvements over nonadaptive schemes for typical channel scenarios     

Optimization of multi-branch switched diversity systems

A performance optimization based on the optimal switching threshold(s) for a multi-branch switched diversity system is discussed in this paper. For the conventional multi-branch switched diversity system with a single switching threshold, the optimal switching threshold is a function of both the average channel SNR and the number of diversity branches, where computing the optimal switching threshold is not a simple task when the number of diversity branches is high. The newly proposed multi-branch switched diversity system is based on a sequence of switching thresholds, instead of a single switching threshold, where a different diversity branch uses a different switching threshold for signal comparison. Thanks to the fact that each switching threshold in the sequence can be optimized only based on the number of the remaining diversity branches, the proposed system makes it easy to find these switching thresholds. Furthermore, some selected numerical and simulation results show that the proposed switched diversity system with the sequence of optimal switching thresholds outperforms the conventional system with the single optimal switching threshold.     

Link Adaptation Using Dynamically Allocated Thresholds and Power Control

Link adaptation technique, in which the modulation and coding used in a communication system is changed as per the channel conditions is a very well investigated topic for link throughput maximization with widespread application in wireless access networks. Most of the known algorithms dynamically adjust transmitter data rate by comparing instantaneous SNR with pre-defined SNR switching thresholds, in order to maximize throughput while maintaining the desired quality of service. However, the use of incorrect or stale values of these pre-defined switching thresholds often leads to selection of erroneous modulation and coding schemes resulting in unsatisfactory throughput or quality of service. This work introduces a novel scheme which achieves the maximum possible throughput while maintaining the target quality of service by dynamically acquiring the threshold values of different modulation and coding schemes used in the system for a given value of block error rate based on measurement at the receiver. This helps in keeping the threshold look up table up to date, so that proper threshold values for mode switching is present for all channel conditions. Also, a relationship between the throughput and the accuracy of the threshold value calculation is provided so that these can be optimized depending on the user requirements. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed system outperforms the conventional link adaptation in various operating scenarios where pre-determined look up tables are not available.

     

Practical Multiuser Diversity With Outdated Channel Feedback

Inspired by the information theoretic results concerning multiuser diversity, we address practical issues in implementing multiuser diversity in a multiple access wireless setting. Considering a channel-assigning strategy that assigns the channel only to the user with the best instantaneous SNR [3], our emphasis is on the effects of channel feedback delay in downlink transmissions. A finite set of M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) constellations is adopted and a constant transmit power is assumed in this practical multiuser adaptive modulation scheme. Based on the closed-form expressions for average bit error rate (BER) and average data rate, we illustrate the impact of channel feedback delay on the achievable multiuser diversity gain with the number of users. Simple and accurate asymptotic approximations are also provided in the limit of large numbers of users. Focusing on different applications, we propose two optimization criteria for the switching thresholds, based on either an average BER, or an outage probability constraint. Two novel constant power, variable rate M-QAM schemes that are less sensitive to feedback delay are proposed using the optimal switching thresholds, which are derived to maximize the average data rate subject to these two constraints, respectively. To obtain a certain degree of fairness among the users, we also consider a fair channel-assigning strategy that assigns the channel to only the user with the greatest normalized SNR.     

Analysis of switched diversity systems on generalized-fadingchannels

The performances of switched diversity systems operating on generalized (Nakagami)-fading channels are analyzed using a discrete-time model. The average bit error rate (BER) of binary noncoherent frequency shift keying (NCFSK) on slow, nonselective Nakagami-fading channels is derived. Closed-form expressions that can be used to determine optimum switching thresholds (in a minimum error rate sense) are also derived. In addition, the use of optimum fixed thresholds is considered. It is found that a considerable amount of diversity gain can be obtained using an optimum fixed (rather than adaptive) switching threshold. Results are obtained for both independent and correlated Nakagami-fading branch signals. The effects of fading severity and the correlation coefficient on both the BER and on the optimum switching threshold are investigated. It is shown that useful diversity gain can be obtained with power correlation coefficients as high as 0.9 when the fading is strong. The results for a Rayleigh channel are obtained and presented as a special case of generalized-fading model     

自适应Turbo-QAM编码调制及其在 平坦Nakagami衰落信道的吞吐量性能

本文提出了一种通用的自适应编码调制系统吞吐量性能分析方法.基于各固定编码调制方式的误码率(BER)性能,使每种编码调制方案对应于一个信道平均信噪比(SNR)范围,再应用拉格朗日函数法得到使自适应编码调制系统吞吐量性能最大的信噪比转换门限,可得到系统的平均吞吐量性能.数值分析结果表明,相对于自适应M进制正交幅度调制(MQAM),自适应Turbo编码MQAM系统吞吐量性能有显著提高,并且该性能受瞬时误码率要求的影响较小.Nakagami信道中,在相同平均信道信噪比条件下,随着m的增大,系统吞吐量性能提高缓慢.     

Performance of variable-power adaptive MQAM with transmit antenna selection and delayed feedback in Nakagami Fading channel

In this paper, the performance of MIMO systems with variable-power (VP) adaptive MQAM and transmit antenna selection (TAS) over Nakagami-m fading channel is presented. The optimum switching thresholds for attaining maximum spectrum efficiency (SE) subject to a target bit error rate (BER) and an average power constraint are derived. It is shown that the Lagrange multiplier in the constrained SE optimization will be unique if the existence condition for MIMO system with TAS is satisfied. A practical iterative algorithm based on Newton's method for finding the Lagrange multiplier is proposed. By using the switching thresholds, closed-form expressions of the SE and average BER are obtained. Besides, BER expressions with delayed feedback are derived for VP and constant-power (CP) systems, respectively. With these expressions, the impact of feedback delay on the BER performance is effectively assessed. Computer simulation for SE and BER shows that the theoretical analysis and simulation are in good agreement. The results show that the VP adaptive modulation (AM) system with TAS provides better SE than the CP counterpart and VP AM system with space-time coding, and has slight BER performance degradation for the normalized time delay less than 0.01.     

Electrical switching in single crystal VO2

I–V characteristics of single crystal vanadium dioxide has been measured using a constant current source in the ambient temperature region 220–325°K. The temperature of the crystal surface has also been measured. It is observed that the switching voltage (V_th) increases but the current at switching (I_th) decreases with decreasing temperature, giving a temperature independent threshold power (V_th × I_th). At switching, the temperature of the crystal surface increases only by 3–6°K above ambient for different ambient temperatures. These results can be qualitatively explained by assuming that a filament (channel) is formed before switching. The switching occurs when the temperature of this filament of finite width approaches the semiconductor-metal transition temperature. The initial width of the channel at switching decreases with decreasing temperature and at a given ambient temperature the channel width increases with increasing current in the post breakdown region.     

1 µm MOSFET VLSI technology: Part II—Device designs and characteristics for high-performance logic applications

Micrometer-dimension n-channel silicon-gate MOSFET's optimized for high-performance logic applications have been designed and characterized for both room-temperature and liquid-nitrogen-temperature operation. Appropriate choices of design parameters are shown to give proper device thresholds which are reasonably independent of channel length and width. Depletion-type devices are characterized at room temperature for load device use. Logic performance capability is demonstrated by test results on NOR circuits for representative fan-out and loading conditions. Unloaded ring oscillators achieved switching delays down to 240 ps at room temperature and down to 100 ps at liquid nitrogen temperature.     

Unified BER and optimum threshold analysis of binary modulations in simple and cascaded Rayleigh fading channels with switched combining

Following a unified analytical framework, the bit error rate (BER) of several coherent and non‐coherent binary modulation schemes is derived for a switched diversity system. The two variants of switched combining that have been investigated are switch and stay combining and switch and examine combining. For channel modelling, at first a simple slow flat fading channel is assumed, where the amplitude attenuation obeys the Rayleigh distribution. Later the BER calculations are repeated for cascaded Rayleigh fading channel case. Rayleigh fading is the most popular model for electromagnetic signal propagation in wireless media when both or either of the transmitter/receiver is fixed. On the other hand, when both the transmitter and the receiver are mobile, a cascaded (or double) Rayleigh fading model is better suited. The applicability of these two models, namely simple and cascaded Rayleigh model, has been indicated by several theoretical studies and their suitability is established by various field measurements. In our paper, simple closed‐form BER expressions as a function of switching threshold have been found and optimum switching thresholds have been computed for both these models as well as for both types of diversity combining described earlier. The results presented in this paper can be very useful for communication system designers to analyze link quality of switched diversity assisted systems in various wireless environments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.