光码分多址系统中双极性码的应用研究

基带双极性光码分多址(OCDMA)系统，采用码的极性转换思想，实现在考虑信道非理想下的单极性信道中传输双极性码。研究了Gold序列，m序列在系统中的应用和传输信道对光码分多址系统性能的影响。仿真得到了双极性码在光码分多址系统的自相关和互相关特性。基于不同码字的光码分多址系统用户数与误码率的关系和基于非理想传输信道的系统性能影响曲线。结果表明，Gold序列和m序列适合双极性光码分多址系统，但Gold序列较m序列更适合应用到双极性光码分多址系统，当系统激活用户数为20，系统误码率分别达到了10^-9，10^-7，非理想传输信道对系统性能有较大的影响(恶化近20dB)，在系统研究中不可忽略。     

异步相干扩时光码分多址系统的干扰性能分析

从码字的非周期互相关函数出发,分析异步相干扩时光码分多址(OCDMA)系统的多址干扰(MAI)和差拍噪声(BN).干扰用户不同的传输时延,非周期互相关强度均值随之变化,差拍噪声和多址干扰也随之变化.给出了差拍噪声和多址干扰与非周期互相关强度均值的关系,讨论了异步相干扩时OCDMA系统的误码率(BER)与非周期互相关强度均值的关系.最后,以码长511的Gold码为例,针对干扰用户之间不同的传输时延,得到了异步相干扩时OCDMA系统的误码率上界与平均误码率性能.在平均误码率情况下,OCDMA系统能支持12个干扰用户,而在最差情况下(误码率上界),系统容纳的干扰用户数不超过4个.     

基于频谱分割的光码分多址接入系统实验研究

利用频谱分割技术进行了光码分多址接入 (OCDMA)系统传输实验。该实验的编解码器利用可调谐法 珀腔的不同自由谱域来区分不同用户 ,分析、测量了多址干扰对系统性能的影响 ,对系统中的光源、信道和编解码器的特性进行了讨论。测试表明 ,该接入系统在速率为 15 5Mb s ,MAI值是接收用户光功率 30倍的情况下 ,传输 11km普通单模光纤后 ,误码率优于 10 - 9。该系统实现简单 ,成本低 ,是全光接入的可选方案。     

Novel Channel Interference Reduction in Optical Synchronous FSK-CDMA Network Using a Data-Free Reference

In this paper, we propose a novel multiple-access interference (MAI) cancellation technique using a reference signal, which contains no data components (data-free) of the desired signal, and then simplifies the receiver configuration in synchronous M-ary frequency-shift keying optical code-division multiple-access (FSK-OCDMA) network. In doing so, we have taken advantage of a recently introduced energy-saving unipolar prime-code family, referred to as double-padded modified prime-code (DPMPC) as the spreading codes. In the theoretical analysis, the system upper bounded bit error rate (BER) is derived taking into account the Poisson effect on the I/O characteristics of the photodetectors. We have found that when the bit rate is constant, the capacity of this system increases by employing the proposed interference canceller and spreading code as compared with the synchronous M-ary pulse-position modulation OCDMA system with an existing interference canceller. In contrast to wavelength-division multiple access, a fewer set of wavelengths is needed as a result of only M-ary source coding.     

Comparison of novel coding techniques for a fixed wavelength hopping SAC-OCDMA

The optical code division multiple access (OCDMA), the most advanced multiple access technology in optical communication has become significant and gaining popularity because of its asynchronous access capability, faster speed, efficiency, security and unlimited bandwidth. Many codes are developed in spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) with zero or minimum cross-correlation properties to reduce the multiple access interference (MAI) and Phase Induced Intensity Noise (PIIN). This paper compares two novel SAC-OCDMA codes in terms of their performances such as bit error rate (BER), number of active users that is accommodated with minimum cross-correlation property, high data rate that is achievable and the minimum power that the OCDMA system supports to achieve a minimum BER value. One of the proposed novel codes referred in this work as modified random diagonal code (MRDC) possesses cross-correlation between zero to one and the second novel code referred in this work as modified new zero cross-correlation code (MNZCC) possesses cross-correlation zero to further minimize the multiple access interference, which are found to be more scalable compared to the other existing SAC-OCDMA codes. In this work, the proposed MRDC and MNZCC codes are implemented in an optical system using the optisystem version-12 software for the SAC-OCDMA scheme. Simulation results depict that the OCDMA system based on the proposed novel MNZCC code exhibits better performance compared to the MRDC code and former existing SAC-OCDMA codes. The proposed MNZCC code accommodates maximum number of simultaneous users with higher data rate transmission, lower BER and longer traveling distance without any signal quality degradation as compared to the former existing SAC-OCDMA codes.     

Performance of zero cross correlation resultant weight spectral amplitude codes in lower Earth orbit‐based optical wireless channel system

A consolidated performance investigation and design of newly constructed zero cross correlation resultant weight (ZCCRW) code is presented without mapping over optical wireless channel (OWC) in lower Earth orbit (LEO). Multiple access interference (MAI) is suppressed by incorporating proposed 1‐D code at 10 Gbps with an algorithm. A further state of the art comparison of diverse optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) codes such as multi diagonal codes and diagonal double weight codes is accomplished with proposed code in terms of root mean square (RMS) jitter, extinction ratio, MAI, quality factor (QF), and bit error rate (BER) at different linewidths, chip sizes, link lengths, and active users. It is perceived that for ZCCRW code, QF obtained is 16.5 for chip size (0.1 ns), and at 4000 km, BER 10^‐9 is achieved using the forward error correction (FEC) technique. OWC system in LEO with lasers in spectral amplitude code (SAC) OCDMA is proposed for the first time as per the author's best knowledge.     

Performance analysis of asynchronous time-spreading phase coding and wavelength-time OCDMA systems

We compare the theoretical bit-error-rate (BER) and throughput performance of asynchronous time-spreading (TS) phase coding and two-dimensional (2D) wavelength-time (WT) optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) communication systems. Particular consideration is given, however, to both beat noise (BN) and multiple access interference (MAI) effects. BER performance of the TS OCDMA scheme is much superior to that of the WT scheme in the MAI limited case, while the WT scheme has better tolerance to beat noise. Improvement of BER performance and throughput can be obtained by utilization of optimum threshold detection. The two OCDMA schemes have comparable bit-error probability, and the WT scheme achieves a higher throughput for a heavy load when the optimum threshold is employed.     

频谱相位编码OCDMA系统的误码特性研究

本文利用中心极限定理和雅可比变换的方法，对频谱相位编码(spectral phase encoding)OCDMA系统中多址干扰和解码器输出信号的统计特性进行了研究，并据此推导出多址干扰和背景噪声共同作用下系统新的误码率公式．本文还分析了系统性能与判决门限选择的关系，数值结果表明：系统最佳的判决门限Rth=√P0/2，在此判决门限的条件下，系统的性能满足高速全光通信的需要．     

OCDMA系统中新型正交码的设计及性能研究

为了得到性能较为良好的正交码,采用没有重复数字的全间隔集,进行了地址码的设计和系统仿真验证,设计出的正交码具有理想的相关性和灵活的码字容量。分析整个系统,在考虑各种噪声和多址干扰的影响下,推导出正交码的误比特率公式。自行设计并搭建了采用光纤延时线作为编解码器的异步光码多分址系统。结果表明,该正交码能够适应更多用户的需求,通过误比特率公式计算和系统仿真得到的结果都较为理想,此研究对需要大容量的光码多分址系统的进一步发展具有一定的帮助。     

一种双极性啁啾编码光码分多址系统

提出了一种基于线性啁啾布拉格光纤光栅和光纤延迟线的正负啁啾编码光码分多址(OCDMA)方案.建立了系统结构的数学模型,从理论上推导了系统误码率公式;并数值分析了误码率及单用户最大数据速率等系统性能.结果表明,系统误码性能远远优于一维素数码OCDMA系统;在同码长、同误码率情况下,系统在线用户数可达电域中二进制相移键控(BPSK)码分多址系统的两倍.     

一种新的光码分多址多用户干扰抑制方法

目前光码多分址（OCDMA）系统多采用开关键控（OOK）调制，多用户干扰主要影响发送比特为“0”时的误码率，原因是发送比特“0”时信号中没有光脉冲。据此，提出了一种新的OCDMA多用户干扰抑制方法。研制了一种新型OCDMA系统，通过对比特“0”和比特“1”分别使用同一地址码和它的移位变形，来避免发送比特“0”时无光脉冲的问题，而且接收端采用最大值判决，进一步减小多用户干扰。阐述了其工作原理，系统采用最佳光正交码作为地址码，分析推导了新型系统的误码率表达式，进而对新型系统和常规系统进行误码性能仿真。仿真结果表明，新型系统比常规系统的误码性能改善10个数量级以上。     

基于MQC的谱幅编码OCDMA系统研究

提出将相关性好的调整二次同余码(MQC)用于谱幅编码光码分多址(SAC-OCDMA)系统,分析了采用光纤布拉格光栅(FBGs)作编解码器的工作过程,研究了光谱带宽分布为高斯分布、考虑多址干扰(MAI)下系统的信扰比(SIR)和误码率(BER)。在并发用户数相同的条件下,采用以素数p=5、p=7构造的MQC的系统较采用码长相近的M序列的系统性能提高分别约13db和20db。在满足一定BER的条件下(如BER=10^-9),采用MQC的系统容量远大于采用码长相近的M序列的系统容量。研究结果表明,采用相关性良好的MQC的SAC—OCDMA系统性能明显优于现有的其它方案。     

Adaptive reference code‐based MAI cancellation for DS‐CDMA

A computationally efficient and practically deployable adaptive reference code‐based multiple access interference (MAI) cancellation scheme, in which the conventional transmitter/receiver architecture is minimally modified only at the receiver (and/or transmitter) end, is proposed for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS‐CDMA) communication. Upon numerical and theoretical analyses, the proposed communications system is seen to always outperform the existing conventional communications system. The theoretical analyses and results as presented are generally useful and applicable to any situation wherein IS95 pseudo noise (PN) codes are employed towards multiple access. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Realization of OSW/AWG-based bipolar wavelength–time optical CDMA for wired–wireless transmissions

This study proposes a novel radio-over-fiber (RoF) system using two-dimensional (2-D) optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) scheme using pseudorandom (PN) codes for the time-spreading and wavelength-hopping (t-spreading/λ-hopping) codes. The 2-D system is implemented using optical switches (OSWs) and arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) routers. By constructing 2-D codes using bipolar PN codes rather than unipolar codes provides a significant increase in the maximum permissible number of active radio base stations (RBSs). In general, the phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN) generated at high optical intensities significantly degrades the performance of a conventional multi-wavelength scheme. However, the OSW-based time-spreading method employed in the current 2-D OCDMA scheme effectively suppresses the PIIN effect. Additionally, multiple-access interference (MAI) is suppressed by the use of a wavelength/time balanced detector structure in the network receivers. The numerical evaluation results demonstrate that under PIIN- and MAI-limited conditions, the proposed system outperforms a conventional multi-wavelength OCDMA scheme by using the spectral spreading scheme to suppress beating noise. Especially, the t-spreading encoder/decoder (codec) groups share the same wavelength codec and the overall complexity is reduced and system network becomes more compact.     

An optical CDMA system based on chaotic sequences

In this paper, a coherent asynchronous optical .code division multiple access （OCDMA） system is proposed, whose encoder/decoder is an all-optical generator. This all-optical generator can generate analog and bipolar chaotic sequences satisfying the logistic maps. The formula of bit error rate （BER） is derived, and the relationship of BER and the number of simultaneous transmissions is analyzed. Due to the good property of correlation, this coherent OCDMA system based on these bipolar chaotic sequences can support a large number of simultaneous users, which shows that these chaotic sequences are suitable for asynchronous OCDMA system.     

二维W-OCDMA系统中的多用户检测技术

抑制多用户干扰是无线光码分多址(OCDMA)通信系统中的一项关键技术。分析了多用户干扰产生的原因,提出采用光限幅器技术和多用户检测技术抑制多用户干扰。分析了采用素数码的无线OCDMA系统中光限幅器技术工作原理及采用二维地址码的无线OCDMA系统中多用户检测技术工作原理。分析结果表明：光限幅器技术仅能部分抑制多用户干扰,而多用户检测技术能够有效地消除多用户干扰,多用户检测技术是适用于无线OCDMA系统消除多用户干扰的有效技术。     

一种基于组信息的并行干涉消除技术研究

为了克服多址干扰（MAD对光码分多址（OCDMA）通信系统性能的影响，针对提出的二维地址码MPC／OOC，研究了一种基于组信息的并行干扰消除（PIC）技术。考虑MA1、背景光（APD）噪声、热噪声和接收机噪声，详细分析了采用该PIC技术的OCDMA通信系统的性能。结果表明，基于组信息的PIC技术，可以有效地消除采用MPC／OOC作为地址码的OCDMA通信系统的MAI，提高该系统的系统容量和误码率性能。     

Design and analysis of a dynamic code division multiple access communication system based on tunable optical filter

A dynamic optical code division multiple access (DOCDMA) communication system is proposed for high-bandwidth communication systems. An implementation of the system is proposed based on a fast tunable optical filter (TOF) in each encoder and decoder. This technique actively modulates the central wavelength of a TOF according to a functional code at the transmitter during the bit period before the transmission of the data. The system is modeled and analyzed taking into account multiple access interference (MAI), thermal noise, and phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN). The performance of this system is compared to that of a spectral amplitude coding system that uses either a Hadamard code or a modified quadratic congruence (MQC) code. The results show that the proposed DOCDMA system reduces the PIIN effect on the performance of the system and improves the bit error rate (BER) performance at a large number of users. Furthermore, it is found that when the effective power is large enough, the MAI becomes the main factor that limits system performance, whereas when the effective power is relatively low, both thermal noise and PIIN become the main limiting factors with thermal noise having the main influence.     

Construction and performance analysis of variable-weight optical orthogonal codes for asynchronous OCDMA systems

A construction scheme of variable-weight optical orthogonal codes （VW-OOCs） for asynchronous optical code division multiple access （OCDMA） system is proposed. According to the actual situation, the code family can be obtained by programming in Matlab with the given code weight and corresponding capacity. The formula of bit error rate （BER） is derived by taking account of the effects of shot noise, avalanche photodiode （APD） bulk, thermal noise and surface leakage currents. The OCDMA system with the VW-OOCs is designed and improved. The study shows that the VW-OOCs have excellent performance of BER. Despite of coming from the same code family or not, the codes with larger weight have lower BER compared with the other codes in the same conditions. By taking simulation, the conclusion is consistent with the analysis of BER in theory. And the ideal eye diagrams are obtained by the optical hard limiter.     

双极性光码分复用系统的研究

对光码分多址（OCDMA）系统中的地址码，包括单极性码和双极性码的容量和性能进行了分析比较，给出了4种双极性编码方案。单极性系统无论是在确定误码率条件和同时传输用户数方面，还是在系统总用户数方面，都远不及双极性系统，双极性系统是OCDMA系统实现大容量的有效途径之一。