40-Gbit/s OEIC on GaAs substrate through metamorphic buffer technology

An optoelectronic integrated circuit operating in the 1.55-/spl mu/m wavelength range was realized on GaAs substrate through metamorphic technology. High indium content layers, metamorphically grown on a GaAs substrate, were used to fabricate the optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) with -3 dB bandwidth of 40 GHz and 210 V/W of calculated responsivity. The analog OEIC photoreceiver consists of a 12-/spl mu/m, top-illuminated p-i-n photodiode, and a traveling wave amplifier (TWA). This receiver shows 6 GHz wider bandwidth than a hybrid photoreceiver, which was built using comparable, but stand-alone metamorphic p-i-n diode and TWA. With the addition of a buffer amplifier, the OEIC shows 7 dB more gain than the hybrid counterpart. To our knowledge, this is the first 40 Gbit/s OEIC achieved on a GaAs substrate operating at 1.55 /spl mu/m.     

1.2 Gbit/s fully integrated transimpedance optical receiver OEIC for 1.3-1.55 mu m transmission systems

The design and performance characteristics of a 1.2 Gbit/s transimpedance receiver OEIC incorporating a high voltage gain, low input capacitance cascode amplifier and a 50 Omega driver is reported. The receiver exhibited an improvement of factor of two in bandwidth over those using a conventional single inverter gain stage. An optical sensitivity of -27.5 dBm for an error rate of 10/sup -9/ at 1.3 mu m wavelength has been obtained without bandwidth equalisation or noise filtering.<>     

A monolithically integrated 1-Gb/s optical receiver in 1-μm CMOStechnology

Results of a monolithically integrated Si optical receiver for applications in optical data transmission and in optical interconnects with wavelengths of 638 and 850 nm are presented. The optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) implementing a vertical p-type-intrinsic-n-type photodiode achieves a data rate of 1 Gb/s for 638 nm with a sensitivity of -15.4 dBm at a bit-error rate of 10^-9 . The sensitivity of this OEIC in a 1.0-μm CMOS technology is improved by at least a factor of four compared to that of published submicrometer OEICs. A 25-THz.Ω effective transimpedance bandwidth product of the implemented amplifier is achieved     

Monolithically integrated polarisation diversity heterodynereceivers on GaInAsP/InP

Polarisation diversity heterodyne receiver OEICs including a tunable four-section DBR laser as a focal oscillator have been successfully fabricated for the first time. OEIC design and fabrication are described and first characteristics of the integrated subcomponents and a packaged receiver OEIC are presented     

OEICs for WDM transceiver modules fabricated by reactive ion etching on semi-insulating substrates

The design and fabrication of OEICs on semi-insulating InP substrates comprising 1300 nm DFB lasers, 1300/1530 nm wavelength duplexers and monitor photodiodes is described. OEIC lasing thresholds were as low as 20 mA. The through-state crosstalk for the integrated duplexer was typically -12 dB. Linear tracking of the laser output by the monitor photodiode was achieved with sensitivities in the region of 70 mu A/mW. The OEICs operated successfully in a 622 Mbit/s bidirectional optical link.<>     

Low-noise current optoelectronic integrated receiver with internalequalizer for gigabit-per-second long-wavelength optical communications

An equalizer, which is essential in order to improve the sensitivity of receiver optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) at a gigabit-per-second data rate, has been monolithically integrated on an InP substrate with a p-i-n photodiode and a high-impedance high-electron-mobility-transistor (HEMT) amplifier. The receiver operated up to 1.6 Gb/s and showed low noise current characteristics. The minimum noise current is less than 4 pA/√Hz. The sensitivity calculated from the noise current characteristics is -28.4 dBm for 1.6-Gb/s signals. The receiver chip, which was assembled on a ceramic mount, exhibited a sensitivity of -30.4 dBm at 1.2 Gb/s and 1.3-μm wavelength. The performance is as good as those of receiver OEICs with an external equalizer and sufficient for practical use in gigabit-per-second optical communication system     

Dispersion-free single-mode fibre transmission experiments up to 1.6 Gbit/s

Long-span single-mode fibre transmission experiments at 1.3 ?m have been refined toward higher digit rate and longer fibre span. Error-rate against receiving optical level characteristics showed that optical power penalties at 100 Mbit/s, 1.2 Gbit/s and 1.6 Gbit/s are negligible, even after 30 km, 23 km and 13 km fibre transmission, respectively.     

10 Gbit/s optical front end using Si-bipolar preamplifier IC, flipchip APD, and slant-end fibre

An optical front end for a 10 Gbit/s optical receiver has been fabricated that features a 10 GHz Si preamplifier IC, a flipchip APD with an 80 GHz gain-bandwidth product, and slant-end fibre optical coupling. Hybrid construction consisting of a flipchip APD mounted directly on the preamplifier chip minimises interconnect parasitics, and slant-end fibre optical coupling simplifies flat-package assembly of chip and fibre. An optical sensitivity of -23 dBm was achieved.<>     

Reading light-optoelectronics on indium phosphide

In the future every house could be served by a single optical fibre which will carry basic telephony plus a wide range of broadband services such as video, videophone and high definition TV. The author discusses optoelectronic circuits (OEIC) as cheap optical receiver components. The construction and operation of OEIC are described and the use of them in optical receivers is discussed     

10 Gbit/s optical PSK homodyne transmission experiments using external cavity DFB LDs

10 Gbit/s optical PSK homodyne transmission experiments using a modified decision-driven optical phase locked loop with 1.55 mu m external cavity laser diodes were conducted. A receiver sensitivity of -34.2 dBm or 297 photon/bit was experimentally achieved. There was no degradation in receiver sensitivity after signal transmission through 151 km of dispersion shifted fibre.<>     

8 Gbit/s transmission over 30 km of optical fibre

We demonstrate, for the first time, 8 Gbit/s digital transmission over single-mode optical fibre. A 30 km link was achieved using a directly modulated 1.31 ?m multilongitudinal-mode laser and an avalanche photodiode receiver.     

8 Gbit/s 202 km optical CPFSK transmission experiment using 1.3 mu m zero dispersion fibre

A wideband microstrip line delay equaliser and a wideband optical balanced receiver for multi-Gbit/s transmission were proposed. Using these devices, an 8 Gbit/s 202 km optical CPFSK transmission experiment with a 1.3 mu m zero dispersion fibre was conducted at the wavelength of 1.55 mu m. Fibre chromatic dispersion was successfully compensated by the equaliser.<>     

Demonstration of 2.488 Gbit/s transmission on the UK—Channel Islands No 7 submarine cable system

The recently-installed UK—Channel Islands No 7 cable system is a 132 km unrepeatered, twelve optical fibre, 140 Mbit/s system. In February the cable was used for a series of tests to demonstrate new transmission and receiver equipment developed at British Telecom Research Laboratories (BTRL). The paper describes first the use of erbium fibre power amplifiers to achieve two-way transmission over the system at 2.488 Gbit/s, and then the testing of a novel semi-ruggedised laser PIN receiver.     

OEIC technology and its application to subscriber loops

Recent progress in GaAs- and InP-based optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) for use in optical fiber transmission systems is reviewed. OEIC technology and system demonstrations for short-haul and high-speed transmission are described, and the problems arising in practical applications are discussed. Approaches to resolution of these problems are presented, and future OEIC applications, especially with regard to subscriber loops, are predicted     

1 Gbit/s bipolar optical FSK transmission experiment over 121 km offibre

Bipolar direct modulation has been used to overcome the nonuniform low-frequency modulation response of a DFB laser transmitter in a 1 Gbit/s optical FSK transmission system. The heterodyne receiver sensitivity (nP¯) was -39 dBm for a 2²³-1 bit pseudorandom pattern, with no degradation in receiver sensitivity after transmission through 121 km of fibre     

Power penalty analysis due to polarisation diversity on 1.2 Gbit/s optical DPSK heterodyne transmission

An optical DPSK transmission experiment was performed over 100 km at a bit rate of 1.2 Gbit/s using a dual-balanced polarisation-diversity receiver. A high receiver sensitivity of less than -42.8 dBm was achieved and the power penalty due to polarisation diversity was analysed.<>     

High-performance Al/sub 0.48/In/sub 0.52/As/Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As MSM-HEMT receiver OEIC grown by MOCVD on patterned InP substrates

Reports the first demonstration of a new long-wavelength receiver OEIC comprising an AlInAs/GaInAs MSM detector and an AlInAs/GaInAs HEMT preamplifier. The layer structure was grown by LP-MOCVD on patterned InP substrates, which allowed independent optimisation of the MSM detector and HEMT preamplifier. The MSM detector showed the lowest leakage current yet reported and the HEMT exhibited a transconductance of 260 mS/mm. An excellent receiver response to 1.7 Gbit/s NRZ signals has been obtained.<>     

A 10 Gbit/s OEIC photoreceiver using InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors

Metal organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE) was successfully used for the first time to realise a high speed monolithic photoreceiver. Incorporating an InGaAs pin photodetector followed by a transimpedance preamplifier circuit implemented with InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), the OEIC photoreceiver had a bandwidth of 6 GHz and a midband transimpedance of 350 Omega . In a system experiment performed at 10 Gbit/s, the receiver exhibited a sensitivity of -15.5 dBm for a bit error rate of 10/sup -9/ at a wavelength of 1.53 mu m. This is the first demonstration of operation of a long wavelength OEIC photoreceiver at this speed.<>     

1.6 Gbit/s optical receiver at 1.3 ?m with SAW timing retrieval circuit

The performance of a 1.6 Gbit/s optical receiver employing a s.a.w. filter as a timing tank is reported. The error-rate characteristics in a p.c.m. transmission system using a 1.3 ?m In-GaAsP laser and single-mode fibres were studied. The average received optical power at a 10?9 error rate was ?28 dBm. In a 15 km transmission experiment, the receiving level was degraded by 2 dB owing to fibre dispersion. Timing phase margin of 75 degrees after 12 km transmission was confined with the self-timed receiver.     

1 Gbit/s optical FSK heterodyne transmission experiment over 100 km of single-mode fibre

A 1 Gbit/s optical FSK modulation/heterodyne detection transmission experiment has been conducted at a wavelength of 1497 nm. The receiver sensitivity is ?37dBm and no degradation is observed after transmission through 100 km of single-mode fibre.