空中飞机红外成像仿真模型研究

从红外辐射和热传导基本定律出发，综合考虑目标实际结构、太阳辐射、天空长波辐射、气动加热及周围环境辐射等因素的影响，依据空中快速目标热辐射特性,分析气动加热对飞机蒙皮辐射的作用，运用等效热阻对内热源部分进行估算，突出发动机传热部分对飞机整体辐射产生的影响,并建立一种可靠实用的空中飞机红外成像仿真模型，仿真过程中结合对空实拍红外图像进行动态调整，目标模拟结果真实感较强。     

飞机目标红外辐射特性研究现状概述

主要介绍了近年来国内外飞机目标红外辐射特性研究现状。分别介绍了影响飞机目标红外辐射特性的主要物理因素,国外飞机目标红外辐射特性计算软件,飞机目标主要红外辐射源,飞行目标红外辐射特性外场飞行测试与相应软件仿真误差,以及国内飞机目标红外辐射特性研究现状。     

飞机红外辐射建模与仿真

基于红外辐射有关理论,建立了飞机红外辐射强度的理论计算模型.该模型实现了在不同状态、不同观测角度条件下飞机红外辐射强度的计算.最后,利用上述模型对某型飞机红外辐射强度进行仿真,并对仿真结果作了分析.     

F35隐身战斗机红外辐射特性建模

建模研究了F35隐身战斗机的红外辐射特性。根据隐身飞机的结构、材料等数据,建立了隐身飞机和发动机的三维模型。通过流场仿真计算得到飞机机体的温度场,尾焰的温度场、压力场以及气体组分浓度场。利用高温气体数据库HITEMP,建立尾焰的窄谱带辐射模型,计算了尾焰气体沿视线的光谱透过率,获得了尾焰的光谱亮度数据及亮度分布图像。建立了尾喷口和蒙皮的辐射模型,获得了飞机各方位角光谱辐射特性及辐射强度数据,计算结果表明由于发动机推力显著增加隐身战斗机红外辐射特性依然比较明显。最后生成了F35隐身战斗机在中波波段的红外序列图像,可用于红外成像制导武器研制中的数字仿真和半实物仿真。     

飞机红外辐射特性分析与易损性评估

飞机红外辐射特性与易损性评估研究对于提高飞机生存力和隐身技术研究有重要意义。飞机的红外辐射特性可以被用来探测、跟踪和锁定目标。基于红外辐射相关理论,建立了飞机蒙皮、发动机热部件和尾焰红外辐射计算模型。通过计算三大辐射源的红外辐射,分析了飞机的速度、发动机热部件等对飞机红外辐射特征的影响。最后讨论了红外辐射强度和目标易损性的关系。     

飞行目标红外辐射特性研究及仿真实现

针对当前飞行目标红外辐射仿真计算存在的条件适用性较差的问题,采用较为简便且可靠的建模方法,对飞行目标红外辐射按辐射来源进行划分,并建立各部分红外辐射模型。以该模型为基础,在CVI环境中编写了针对不同条件下飞行目标红外辐射特性的仿真计算程序。通过计算实例,对不同条件下目标飞行辐射特性进行分析,得出其水平方向上最大及最小辐射强度。在与其他参考文献的数据进行对比后,得出该仿真计算方法具有较高的可行性及准确性的结论,为红外目标的硬件模拟提供了理论基础。     

临近空间高超声速飞行器红外辐射特性分析

为了对临近空间高超声速飞行器进行有效探测和预警,以X-51A为例,计算火箭助推段、超燃发动机工作段和无动力滑翔段、飞行器蒙皮、喷管和尾焰的双波段红外辐射特性。红外辐射计算的关键在于温度和有效辐射面积的确定。根据修正Lees驻点热流密度方法和辐射平衡时的辐射传热公式,计算出蒙皮的温度。用加力燃烧的涡喷发动机模型近似计算喷管的温度。把导弹尾焰温度分布场模型进行三段式简化,模拟出尾焰的红外辐射特性。仿真结果表明,在X-51A的不同飞行阶段,从不同探测角度观察到的各辐射部位对总体红外辐射贡献率差异较大;速度对蒙皮的红外辐射影响较大,而喷管和尾焰的红外辐射与火箭和超燃冲压发动机的燃烧状态有关。分析指出,当高超声速飞行器飞行姿态发生变化,或者在不同的飞行阶段,更适合采用双波段进行探测。     

发射率对飞机蒙皮温度及红外辐射特性的影响

建立了某型飞机的简化几何模型,并设置了飞机的飞行航迹。综合考虑了太阳辐射、地球辐射、大气辐射和气动加热的多种因素,结合飞机蒙皮材料物理特性,针对涂覆三种不同发射率的隐身涂层蒙皮建立了导热物理模型,采用一维导热方程计算了飞机在12:00~12:45时间段飞行时不同发射率的蒙皮表面的温度分布。最后综合考虑了环境辐射的影响,分别对具有不同发射率的飞机蒙皮3~5 m和8~14 m两个波段的红外辐射强度进行了数值计算。结果表明:随着蒙皮发射率的减小,在一定程度上能降低蒙皮在8~14 m波段的红外辐射强度,但是因环境因素的影响,仅仅通过降低蒙皮发射率,飞机红外隐身的效果并不理想。     

飞机的红外图像仿真

飞机在高空高速的条件下飞行时,红外图像的获取通常较为困难。为解决这一问题,将整机辐射分解为机体辐射与排气系统辐射两大部分,以经典红外辐射理论为基础,结合传热学及射流动力学工程模型,建立了一种实时性较好的飞机红外图像生成模型。在求解蒙皮表面温度场时,采用求解热平衡方程法,综合考虑气动加热、内热源加热、环境辐射热量与蒙皮向外辐射热量对蒙皮温度的作用。计算排气系统红外辐射时,采用基于包络面的红外辐射计算方法,将尾焰流场计算的工程模型、包络面模型及非均匀气体计算模型相结合。最后利用VC++平台与OpenGL图形库编程生成了飞机的红外图像。仿真图像为成像制导武器的仿真提供了目标源,在成像制导武器系统的评估测试中有一定参考价值。     

空中目标红外辐射特性计算与实时仿真

飞机红外仿真图像是空中目标红外识别算法的重要数据源,为改进飞机红外仿真效果并提高仿真实时性,在细节部分修正了现有红外计算方法并搭建了仿真平台。首先,全面分析了影响飞机红外辐射特性的因素,基于黑体辐射理论建立了蒙皮、尾喷管、尾焰、蒙皮对环境辐射反射的红外计算模型,修正了蒙皮温度和飞行速度这两个影响因素的计算方法;其次,基于VS2005 C++和三维渲染引擎OpenSceneGraph(OSG)搭建了一套仿真平台,该系统能动态改变飞机红外效果,实时生成飞机红外图像。实验结果表明:红外计算结果更精确,可以为空中目标红外识别算法提供数据;单目标仿真速率在100帧/s以上,满足实时仿真的要求。     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.     

High-quality single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons and their optical properties

Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons is achieved by a modified thermal evaporation method, in which two-step-thermal-evaporation is used to control CdSe sources＇ evaporation. The synthesized CdSe nanoribbons are usually several micrometers in width, 50 nm in thickness, and tens to several hundred micrometers in length. Studies have shown that high-quality CdSe nanoribbons with regular shapes can be obtained by this method. Room-temperature photolumines-cence indicates that the lasing emission at 710 nm has been observed under optical pumping （266 nm） at power densities of 25-153 kW/cm^2. The full width half maximum （FWHM） of the lasing mode is 0.67 nm     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.     

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.     

Call for Papers

正Communications—VLSI Researches and industries of telecommunications have been growing rapidly in the last 20 years and will keep their high growing pace in the next decade.The involved researches and developments cover mobile communications,highway and last-mile broadband communication,domain specific communications,and emerging D2D M2M communications.Radio communication steps into its