高斯光圆柱太赫兹雷达散射截面的影响

通过对缩比模型的太赫兹波段雷达散射截面(RCS)测量,可以获得微波波段全尺寸目标的RCS值,因此,RCS估算和测量是当前太赫兹重要的应用技术之一。RCS估算中,通常假定入射光为均匀平面波,但在实际测量应用中,常常采用发射类似高斯光束的太赫兹源。进行了横电波情况高斯光束入射时,无限长理想导体圆柱的太赫兹雷达散射截面估算。仿真研究了2.52 THz激光准直入射和相位变化对后向雷达散射截面的影响,给出了RCS与散射角的变化曲线;同时与均匀平面波入射结果进行了比较分析。仿真结果表明,在测量圆柱半径10 mm且入射光距圆柱轴心距离1 m处的后向RCS时,用光斑半径30 mm的高斯光束较好。     

Research into Influence of Gaussian Beam on Terahertz Radar Cross Section of a Conducting Cylinder

In RCS measurement, usually the incident beam is a Gaussian beam or a similar beam source; however, in the theoretical RCS estimation, usually a plane wave is assumed as the incident beam for sake of simplicity. In this paper, the RCS of an infinite perfect conducting cylinder is estimated. In the estimation, the influence of a 2.52 THz laser beam on RCS is studied and the RCS in dependence with scattering angle and some other factors is obtained after the change of RCS equation; meanwhile, comparisons of RCS when the incident beam is a plane wave and a Gaussian beam respectively, are also given. The estimation results show, when the cylinder radius is 10 mm, choosing a beam width of 40 mm can keep the relative error less than 0.48 dB.     

Influence of Gaussian Beam on Terahertz Radar Cross Section of a Conducting Sphere

In RCS estimation, usually a plane wave is assumed; while in real measurements at terahertz frequencies, generally a Gaussian beam or a similar beam source is adopted. In this paper, the RCS of a conducting sphere is discussed under the condition that the incident wave is a Gaussian beam. In the estimation, the influence of 2.52 THz collimated laser beam on RCS is discussed and the RCS changing with scattering angle and some other factors is obtained; at the same time, the comparisons between different incident beams, plane wave and Gaussian beam, are also given. The estimation results show that choosing a beam width of 40 mm is appropriate when the sphere radius is 10 mm and the distance between the sphere and the beam source is 1 m.     

Gaussian beam scattering from a semicircular boss above aconducting plane

Electromagnetic scattering of a Gaussian beam from a semicircular boss which protrudes above a conducting plane is investigated. The theoretical analysis for scattering is based on Kozaki's approximation, which makes it possible to express the Gaussian beam as a product of plane wave and weight function results. The scattered fields are expressed in simple closed forms which are valid when the diameter of the boss is comparable to or less than the Gaussian beamwidth. The numerical computations are performed to find that the angular bistatic RCS (radar cross section) of the Gaussian beam is much broader in scattering pattern than the plane wave case     

基于时域光谱系统的太赫兹圆柱RCS 测量

雷达散射截面（RCS）测量对于太赫兹雷达系统论证设计具有重要意义。详细描述了时域光谱（TDS）系统测量RCS 的原理,以及实验方案的设计。基于TDS 系统对太赫兹频段圆柱RCS 进行了测量实验,获得光滑和粗糙圆柱在太赫兹频段下的回波,对光滑圆柱回波进行傅里叶变换得到其宽带 RCS,与理想圆柱RCS 的物理光学解进行比较,发现RCS 理论值与测量值基本一致,验证了TDS 系统可用于太赫兹频段目标RCS 的测量;同时将光滑圆柱和粗糙圆柱的RCS 测量值进行对比分析,结果表明:太赫兹频率越高,粗糙面对RCS 的影响越大,粗糙度大于八分之一波长为粗糙面的传统定义须重新考虑。     

Scattering of an incident Gaussian beam by a perfectly conductingrough surface

The modifications of the regular full wave theory for rough surface scattering by an incident Gaussian beam instead of a plane wave are developed. The Gaussian beam is produced by a large circular aperture that has a Gaussian illumination. It is shown that provided the incident Gaussian beam has a plane phase front over the extent of the rough surface patch and the linear dimensions of the rough patch are large compared with the surface height correlation length, the normalized scattering cross-section is the same as for an incident plane wave     

粗糙金属和介质目标的太赫兹散射特性分析

太赫兹频段金属和介质粗糙目标的散射特性是研究太赫兹雷达目标特性的重要基础。当目标表面的主曲率半径远远大于入射波长,且粗糙表面高度起伏与斜率起伏远小于入射波长时,根据稳定相位法和标量近似法,可获得粗糙金属和介质目标的相干散射截面和非相干散射截面。基于稳定相位法,任意目标的相干散射截面可退化为粗糙导体、光滑介质和粗糙介质目标的相干散射。该文分析了电大尺寸光滑金属铝和介质白漆球的散射截面,与Mie理论计算的介质球的散射特性吻合,散射截面误差小于0.1 dBm2。采用朗伯定理,验证了粗糙介质球的太赫兹非相干散射精确解,当目标表面剖分精度越高,非相干散射的计算精度越高。该文数值计算了粗糙介质球的太赫兹相干和非相干散射特性,分析了表面粗糙度和表面材料对散射特性的影响,为电大尺寸空间目标太赫兹散射特性分析提供了理论基础。      

分形粗糙表面涂覆目标太赫兹散射特性

该文采用物理光学法方法研究了具有分形粗糙表面的涂覆目标太赫兹散射特性。基于分形粗糙面建立表面粗糙目标模型,根据菲涅尔反射系数得出表面电流分布进而得到涂覆粗糙目标的雷达散射截面。对比分析了具有粗糙表面和光滑目标的散射结果,详细讨论了不同频率、不同涂层厚度的表面粗糙钝锥目标模型的太赫兹散射特性,计算结果表明在太赫兹波段目标表面的粗糙度对散射有显著的影响。      

高超声速飞行器楔面激波的光线偏折校正模型

天文定姿是飞行器实现高精度自主导航的重要技术手段之一。高超声速飞行器在飞行过程中会产生激波,造成光线偏折,影响星敏感器的观测和天文定姿导航的性能。现代高超声速飞行器多采用乘波体设计,其载荷舱部分可简化为楔面结构。论文聚焦高超声速飞行器上楔面激波,基于空气动力学理论,给出了高超声速楔面激波结构参数的解析计算方法,以及激波对光线偏折影响的量化测算模型。提出了一种利用解析计算结果控制光线偏折的校正模型,讨论了激波角测量误差在该模型中的传播,证明了激波角测量误差与其引起的校正效果偏差其呈负线性相关。仿真试验表明,在高度20 km、马赫数5-8的条件下,楔面上方形成稳定的激波结构,对入射光线造成的偏折可达6.8";解析计算方法获得的激波角参数与试验结果误差在0.1"以内。这意味着运用该模型来校正光线偏折的误差可以控制在激波角观测误差的量级,可以显著提升观测精度。     

太赫兹雷达RCS测量中的分时定标技术

太赫兹频段的目标散射特性测量技术是当前太赫兹雷达的重要研究方向,其中系统定标技术决定了雷达散射截面积(RCS)测量结果的准确性。使用基于微波倍频源的太赫兹宽带雷达目标散射特性测量系统,该系统由微波源经倍频后,中心频率达到440 GHz,带宽达25.6 GHz。利用光滑表面金属球为标准体,采用分时定标技术对太赫兹雷达系统进行定标,再对金属材质的战斗机模型和吉普车模型进行近场RCS测量实验,获得以上2种典型人造目标的近场RCS测量结果。测试结果与理论趋势符合良好,证明了太赫兹雷达系统RCS测量中分时定标技术的有效性。     

太赫兹超材料分束器设计及其特性分析

提出一种超材料太赫兹分束器,其单元结构由顶层金属条带、中间介质层和底层金属板组成。利用4个旋转步进为45°的单元周期排列构成了4×4的相位梯度超表面。当太赫兹波垂直入射到阵列表面时,电磁波被反射成四束能量相等但传播方向不同的波,且不同频点的反射角不同。该分束器具有体积小、成本低的优点,可应用于太赫兹隐身和太赫兹成像等方面。     

Plane wave injection technique to calculate RCS in a 2-D TLM network

A technique for introducing an infinite-appearing plane wave into a two-dimensional transmission line matrix (TLM) network is described. The method has been applied to the calculation of the bistatic RCS for a plane wave normally incident on a conducting square cylinder.<>     

宽带调谐光子晶体光纤多功能太赫兹器件

基于液晶分子的指向矢随外加电场改变而变化的特点,设计了一种新型电场调制液晶太赫兹器件。利用全矢量平面波展开法和光束传播法分别研究了光子晶体光纤的带隙位置和传输光谱的电场分布。同时,利用时域有限差分法计算了液晶分子指向矢随外电场的变化关系。结果显示该器件不仅可以在0.55 THz的宽带范围内实现开关功能,且具有耦合损耗低、消光比高等优点,消光比为30.78 dB。当太赫兹波的入射频率满足光纤的单偏振条件时,该器件还具有偏振控制功能,能够改变传输模式的偏振状态。     

基于KD树的射线跟踪法计算飞行器RCS

利用几何光学射线跟踪法对飞行器整体目标雷达散射截面(Radar cross section,RCS)进行估算,假设入射波为高频平面波,传播中符合几何光学定律,将入射波划分为平行入射线进行跟踪并进行口径积分。为减少射线与大型目标表面的求交计算次数,应用了KD树方法的基本原理,将飞行器目标表面划分多层子包围盒,设计了射线与子包围盒及面元遍历求交算法。应用文中方法计算了一种新型无人飞行器的RCS,计算结果与传统的RCS高频估算方法(PO方法)得到的结果以及实测结果进行比对。结果表明,文中方法较传统PO方法更接近实测结果,在飞行器RCS预估方面具有一定的应用价值。     

激光引力波望远镜镜面杂散光测试方法

激光引力波望远镜的杂散光来源主要是细光束入射到镜面产生的反射杂散光。1 W的激光入射产生的杂散光需抑制到10-10 W以下,否则将严重影响主要参数光程差的测量精度。针对该应用背景,考虑了在细光束入射到镜面条件下由杂散光测试数据重构表征镜面反射特性的双向反射分布函数（BRDF）参数的可行性。传统方法测量BRDF需要4个转角,系统复杂不便于实时应用。为此基于光学元件各向同性和镜面杂散光模型的对称性,综合考虑了平面镜、曲面镜以及光束衍射效应、测量误差等因素,提出了一种仅利用子午面内一维测量若干个点的散射数据即可重构得到BRDF参数的方法,并用数值方法对其可行性和测量精度进行了验证。     

Calculations of Infrared Laser Beam Scattering from Rough Dielectric Objects

The coherent and incoherent scattering cross sections of Infrared Laser Gaussian beam scattering from arbitrarily shaped convex dielectric objects with rough surfaces are investigated by using plane wave spectrum method and physical optics approximation. In the paper, the infrared laser scattering cross sections of rough sphere are calculated at 10.6 μm , and the influence of the beam size, permittivity, and polarization as well as roughness parameters is analyzed numerically. When the beam size is much larger than the size of object, the results in the paper can reduce to those of an incident plane wave. On the other hand, for the case of roughness statistical parameter close to zero, only the forward scattering has a parent difference compared with the result of gaussian beam scattering from smooth sphere.     

粗糙铜表面对低频太赫兹波的散射实验

搭建了以0.2 THz返波管振荡器源、热释电探测器、小型自动旋转光学平台等组成的太赫兹波目标散射特性实验测试系统,对两种不同粗糙度铜盘表面的散射特性进行了测试,表明:太赫兹金属粗糙目标散射中导体表面的感应电流产生电磁散射和粗糙导体表面引起的朗伯散射是同时存在的;在斜入射时这种近似于朗伯体的金属粗糙表面几乎可以被看成镜体,但随着目标表面的粗糙度变大,反射变弱,散射增强,主峰向小于反射角的方向偏移;在垂直入射的情况下,散射角小于40度时散射曲线下降较快,超过40度散射曲线变化变得很缓慢,但在50度附近很多材料都会出现一个小的散射峰.     

低频SAR辐射校准

低频SAR天线通常具有极宽的方位向波束角，在辐射定标时，定标体RCS随雷达波入射角的变化不能够忽略，文中利用低频散射模型，得到定标体RCS随角度变化关系，结合条带式低频SAR的工作原理，给出辐射校准的方法，并进行仿真试验，验证了该方法的有效性。     

Radar cross section of arbitrarily shaped bodies of revolution

The radar cross section (RCS) of an arbitrarily shaped, homogeneous dielectric body of revolution (BOR) is evaluated by the surface integral equation (SIE) formulation and the method of moments. Method accuracy is verified by the good agreement with the exact solutions for the RCS of a dielectric sphere. To demonstrate the advantages of this method, the RCS for a complex BOR model of human torso is computed with a nonaxially incident plane wave. Seven Fourier modes are considered in the computation. The SIE and approximate integral equation (AIE) formulations are next given for the RCS evaluation of a composite dielectric and conducting BOR. For the cases considered, both formulations give the same surface currents and RCS results. However, significant savings in computer storage and CPU time are realized for the AIE approach, since only one current (electric or magnetic) need be determined for RCS evaluation     

角反射器在太赫兹波段的散射特性研究

太赫兹雷达散射特性的研究对于目标识别、跟踪以及截获有重要意义.设计了0.22 THz频率步进雷达散射截面(Radar Cross section,RCS)测量系统,提出了针对频率步进太赫兹雷达信号体制下,角反射器RCS的提取方法.采用实验与仿真相结合的方式,得到了单个角反射器和角反射器组在4°范围内的太赫兹雷达散射截面.结果表明,角反射器类目标的RCS实验测量结果与理论计算结果在误差范围内一致性较好,为进一步精确测量目标在太赫兹波段的散射特性奠定了研究基础.