Switchable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser with a multisection high-birefringence fiber loop mirror

We proposed and demonstrated a new concept of switchable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser with a multisection high-birefringence fiber loop mirror (HiBi-FLM). The HiBi-FLM results in the laser operating on different allowed wavelengths. The wavelength switching can be achieved by modifying the reflection spectrum of HiBi-FLM through two polarization controllers. The experiment demonstrates the switchable lasing operation within the random combination of three wavelengths, as well as with a large (/spl sim/40 dB) output signal to background noise ratio.     

L波段可调谐Er/Yb共掺环形腔光纤激光器

报道了一种工作在L波段波长可调的环形腔Er／Yb共掺双包层光纤激光器。利用两段高双折射光纤和两个偏振控制器组成的环形镜作波长选择器件，通过调整环形镜中偏振控制器的状态来改变环形镜对不同波长的反射率以实现某波长的激光输出，使波长调节范围达到60nm，不同波长处激光输出功率的起伏小于0．7dB；采用较长的Er／Yb共掺双包层光纤(EYDF)作增益介质，利用6个976nm激光二极管同时抽运前段Er／Yb共掺双包层光纤所产生的放大自发辐射谱作为二次抽运源，对腔内未被抽运的一段Er／Yb共掺双包层光纤进行抽运，使增益谱移到L波段，实现了L波段可调谐激光器的稳定输出。在最大抽运功率为3594．5mW时，测得抽运入纤功率为2737．37mW，得到最大输出功率300mW，斜率效率为11％的激光输出，所形成激光光谱的3dB带宽为1．8nm，边模抑制比大于38dB。     

Tunable multiwavelength fiber ring lasers using a programmable high-birefringence fiber loop mirror

We demonstrate a comb filter with digitally tunable wavelength spacing using a programmable high-birefringence (HiBi) fiber loop mirror (FLM). We then use the HiBi-FLM to implement a tunable multiwavelength semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based fiber ring laser and a tunable multiwavelength all-fiber Raman ring laser. Both lasers exhibit stable room-temperature operation and have a wavelength spacing that is digitally tunable between 1.6 and 3.2 nm. With the SOA-based configuration, we obtain six wavelengths with a spacing of 3.2 nm and 11 wavelengths with a spacing of 1.6 nm; with the all-fiber Raman-based configuration, we obtain four wavelengths with a spacing of 3.2 nm and five wavelengths with a spacing of 1.6 nm.     

平坦功率输出的宽带波长可调光纤环型激光器

为了获得一种平坦功率输出的宽带波长可调的掺铒光纤环型激光器，提出采用一高双折射光纤环镜获得其平坦功率输出，在高双折射光纤环镜中，采用了大量的高双折射光纤段和偏振控制器，它们的反射光谱可补偿掺铒光纤环型激光器输出功率光谱的不平坦，通过压缩或者延伸激光腔里的分布式光纤布喇格光栅即可实现波长调谐。实验验证可以获得一种宽达38nm的宽带波长调谐(1527nm～1565nm)，输出功率的不平坦被控制在±0．8dB范围之内，总输出功率大约4dBm、3dB线宽为0．01nm、旁瓣抑制比为48dB的光纤环型激光器。     

非线性光纤环形镜掺铒光纤激光器的实验研究

为了研究掺铒光纤激光器超短脉冲的产生,采用增益平坦型掺铒光纤放大器、两个偏振控制器以及3个耦合器,利用非线性光纤环形镜加成脉冲锁模技术,通过改变偏振控制器的方向,获得最大输出功率为0.6mW的脉冲输出,对应的光谱宽度9nm、中心波长1561nm、脉冲宽度434ps、脉冲的重复频率为1.1MHz.该脉冲经过掺铒光纤放大器放大后,最大输出功率为10.8mW.放大后锁模脉冲的中心波长保持不变、光谱带宽稍有变窄、输出功率明显增大、脉冲宽度展宽为495ps.实验结果表明,采用商用的掺铒光纤放大器可实现结构简单、调节方便的掺铒光纤激光器超短脉冲输出,且掺铒光纤激光器可以实现自启动,并长时间稳定锁模工作.     

用光纤环路镜实现WDM系统中的EDFA增益均衡

EDFA对不同波长的光产生的增益不同 ,这种增益不平坦特性成为 WDM系统中高速率、大容量信息传输的障碍 ,因此对 EDFA的增益进行均衡就显得特别重要。介绍用光纤环路镜实现 EDFA增益均衡的机理 ,并进行了实验 ,结果表明该方法简单易行 ,均衡效果显著     

Recirculating loop for experimental evaluation of EDFA saturatedregime effects on optical communication systems

We demonstrate an optical-fiber recirculating loop for experimental simulation of long-haul optical communication systems using cascaded erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) operating in the gain saturation regime. The loop contains sections of dispersion shifted fibers (DSF's), standard fiber, and a set of in-line devices, such as tuning filters, optical amplifiers, polarization controllers, and a variable attenuator. The main results presented here are related to the observation of the effects due to the slow dynamics of the EDFA. We also discuss the validity of using an optical attenuator to simulate an extra length of fiber     

A nonlinear optical loop mirror-based linear cavity swit- chable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser

A nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM)-based linear cavity switchable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Due to the characteristics of the intensity-dependent transmissivity, the NOLM can effectively mitigate the mode competition of the homogenous broadening gain medium, so that the multi-wavelength lasing can be achieved at room temperature. By adjusting the states of the polarization controllers (PCs), the number of the lasing wavelengths in the proposed laser can be adjusted flexibly from 11 to 13 with a wavelength spacing of 0.4 nm around the wavelength of 1 530 nm.     

基于光纤环形镜的掺铒光纤放大器增益平坦化

理论和实验上简要分析研究了由两段保偏光纤组成的光纤环形镜的反射谱特性,提出了利用保偏光纤环形镜进行掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)增益平坦化的方法。应用该方法,在1527～1562nm范围内,EDFA自发辐射谱的不平坦度为±1dB。     

基于光纤环形镜的增益平坦L波段掺铒光纤放大器优化设计

L波段掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）的增益介质具有本征增益平坦特性，但平坦增益值低，放大器实用性差，因此对放大器优化设计提高平坦增益有十分重要的意义。使用光纤环形镜（FLM）作为增益平坦滤波器进行L波段掺铒光纤放大器的增益平坦化实验，实现了高增益值的平坦输出。     

基于光纤环形镜的L-波段掺铒光纤放大器增益的提高

提出了一种基于光纤环形镜作为反射器的反射式L-波段掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)结构。光纤环形镜不但可以反射后向放大自发辐射(ASE)作为二次抽运源，而且还可以反射信号，使信号得到二次放大。当抽运功率为115mW时。在1570～1605nm波长范围内，反射式L-波段掺铒光纤放大器的平坦小信号增益达到29．14dB，与前向抽运方式L-波段掺铒光纤放大器相比(保持平坦性不变)。增益提高了5．33dB。分别输入波长为1580nm和1600nm的信号，反射式L-波段掺铒光纤放大器的饱和输出功率为7．63和7．6dBm．与前向抽运方式L-波段掺铒光纤放大器相比分别提高了2．98和3dB。     

基于啁啾光纤光栅的五波长掺铒光纤激光器

提出并实验验证了一种新型的基于啁啾光纤光栅的全光纤的可切换的五波长掺铒光纤激光器,该激光器采用简洁的线性腔结构,使用一段高掺铒的光纤作为增益介质,利用一个内含宽带啁啾光纤光栅的萨格纳克环作为激光器的谐振腔腔镜,担当了一个梳状滤波器的作用,另一个腔镜由一个宽带光纤反射镜担当,适当调整环中的偏振控制器,可以获得最多五波长的激光输出,并具有4种不同的激光输出模式,所有激发线均具有大于32 dB的光学信噪比,小于0.6 nm的线宽以及小于8 dB的峰值功率差异。     

基于拉锥光纤优化的光纤环镜滤波器特性研究

为了将拉锥光纤的光学特性和光纤环镜的滤波特性相结合,提出了一种用拉锥光纤优化的光纤环镜滤波器结构.实验研究发现,在级联的2阶高双折射光纤环镜滤波器中接入拉锥光纤,滤波器输出谱的主峰3dB带宽得到显著压缩,品质因数进一步提高,其Q值很容易达到5.2,滤波器在10dB~35dB调制深度范围内调谐更灵活,输出波形更加稳定.结果表明,该结构改善了高双折射光纤环镜滤波器特性,使调谐更为灵活.     

Special erbium fiber amplifiers for short pulse switching, lasers,and propagation

We show that specially tailored erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) can be useful for short-pulse soliton lasers, switching, and propagation. EDFA properties include group-velocity dispersion, birefringence, doping level, and doping distribution; and changing each of these properties enables novel applications. Polarization-maintaining EDFA's can Re used in erbium-doped fiber lasers to avoid intensity-dependent or temperature-dependent state of polarization. We have demonstrated a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser that generates nearly transform-limited 320 fs pulses with 40 pJ energy using a polarization-maintaining EDFA near the zero dispersion wavelength and a bulk InGaAsP saturable absorber. Moderately birefringent EDFA's can be used to control the walkoff and interaction between orthogonally polarized solitons in all-optical switches. For example, through numerical simulations, we design an all-optical cascadable logic gate with a fanout of 2.7 and energy contrast of 5.5 based on interactions in a soliton period long EDFA. Furthermore, distributed EDFA's can be used for long-distance soliton propagation to shepherd the pulse using bandwidth-limited gain. For picosecond soliton pulses, we show that soliton self-frequency shift and Gordon-Hans effects limit propagation to below 100 km even for low-dispersion fibers. Bandwidth-limited amplification in EDFA may counteract frequency shift due to the soliton self-frequency shift, while frequency filters may suppress the Gordon-Hans effect. Also, because the gain spectral profile for the three-level EDFA changes with pump intensity, complications arise from pump attenuation, and the corresponding changes in the gain spectral profile along the length of the fiber     

Dynamic erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on active gainflattening with fiber acoustooptic tunable filters

We describe the first demonstration of a dynamic erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) based on automatic feedback control of active gain equalizing filters. The filters are all-fiber acoustooptic tunable filters capable of generating controllable filter shapes. Wide dynamic-range gain/power control is achieved with <0.6-dB signal ripple over 30 nm in various operating conditions. We also show, by numerical simulation, an important advantage of the dynamic EDFA over a conventional EDFA in cascaded structures     

Polarization dependent gain in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers:computer model and approximate formulas

A computer model for polarization dependent gain (PDG) in Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) is presented. The model assumes that each erbium ion possesses an ellipsoidal gain surface and that all ion orientations are equally likely. By dividing the ions into subsets based upon orientation and computing the inversion of each subset in the presence of polarized pump and signal waves, the model predicts the dependence of the PDG induced by this polarization hole-burning (PHB) on the design of the EDFA, the signal degree and state of polarization (SOP), and the pump SOP. For moderate gain amplifiers (made from the same fiber) with the same gain peak wavelength and the same compression level, the magnitude of the PDG is nearly independent of the EDFA gain. Internal and random fiber birefringence are included to model real fibers. In fibers which cause the signal SOP to walk rapidly around the Poincare sphere, the PDG is reduced by a factor of 2/3 when compared with a linear polarization-maintained signal. Scrambled signals and partially-polarized saturating tones are also considered. Simple rules are derived for predicting the PDG of a given EDFA     

全保偏非线性偏振环形镜锁模掺铒光纤激光器

研究了基于非线性偏振环形镜锁模的全保偏光纤激光器锁模机制。在非线性偏振环形镜中,用偏振分束器取代传统的非线性放大环形镜锁模激光器中的光纤耦合器,并辅以非互易性元件和增益光纤,作为全保偏光纤激光器中实现稳定锁模的核心器件。构建了一台基于非线性偏振环形镜的掺铒光纤锁模激光振荡器,实现了重复频率75 MHz,时域脉冲宽度141 fs,总输出功率约30 mW的稳定锁模脉冲序列输出。该激光器具有双向输出,且通过调节腔内波片可调节输出功率。此外,对激光器输出功率和重复频率的稳定性进行了评价,在自由运转情况下,1 h内输出脉冲序列的平均功率波动小于0.05%,重复频率的1 s相对稳定度为2.010-8。该结构的全保偏光纤激光器可开机自启动锁模,且环境稳定性高、重复频率较高、脉冲宽度窄,能满足激光测距、激光加工、激光光谱成像、航天等应用对超短脉冲光源的需求。     

基于LPFG和HBF环镜的温度和应变同时测量

利用长周期光纤光栅（LPFG）和高双折射光纤（HBF）环镜的谐振波长对温度和应变的灵敏度差异,设计了温度和应变同时区分测量系统。在理论分析的基础上,分别测定了LPFG以及HBF环镜谐振波长对温度和应变的灵敏度系数,构建相关系数矩阵方程,实现温度和应变区分测量。实验测得该系统的温度和应变测量精度分别为±0.36℃和±13...     

Polarization dependent loss induced gain ripple statistics inerbium-doped fiber amplifiers

A Monte-Carlo model is used to simulate the wavelength-dependent polarization dependent loss (PDL) statistics and PDL induced gain-ripple statistics for a chain of concatenated optical elements in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). Simulations indicate that unlike polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), the quadrature sum of PDL overestimates the mean of the PDL distribution. We show that EDFA total PDL variance scales linearly with the individual component PDL variance. Moreover, the relative impact of PDL on the gain ripple is reduced in the presence of the PDL independent gain ripple in the EDFA     

Inherent enhancement of gain flatness and achievement of broad gainbandwidth in erbium-doped silica fiber amplifiers

We report new methods to inherently increase the flatness and bandwidth of erbium-doped silica fiber amplifiers from three perspectives: fiber design, pump-signal WDM coupler optimization, and amplifier structure. First, to achieve inherent control of the gain spectrum, a new type of composite fiber structure with an Er-doped core and a Sm-doped cladding ring is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Interaction of the optical field with the Sm-doped cladding to produce evanescent wave filtering is modeled, which provides an in-line control of gain fluctuation in the erbium-doped flier amplifier (EDFA) C band, 1530-1560 nm. Second, the effect of the spectral characteristics of WDM couplers over the L band of an EDFA is explored. A fused taper fiber coupler for a 1480-nm pump is optimized for signals in the wavelength range of 1570-1610 nm by measuring the small-signal gain, gain tilt, and noise figure in an L-band EDFA. Finally, a new all-fiber structure for a wide-band EDFA, where the L and C bands were coupled serially, is demonstrated with optimized pump-signal couplers. Further optimization of the new composite fiber structure and the transient effects in the serially coupled EDFAs are also discussed