InAs/GaSb II类超晶格中波红外探测器

InAs/GaSb II类超晶格探测器是近年来国际上发展迅速的红外探测器,其优越性表现在高量子效率和高工作温度,以及良好的均匀性和较低的暗电流密度,因而受到广泛关注。报道了InAs/GaSb超晶格中波材料的分子束外延生长和器件性能。通过优化分子束外延生长工艺,包括生长温度和快门顺序等,获得了具原子级表面平整的中波InAs/GaSb超晶格材料,X射线衍射零级峰的双晶半峰宽为28.8,晶格失配a/a=1.510-4。研制的p?鄄i?鄄n单元探测器在77 K温度下电流响应率达到0.48 A/W,黑体探测率为4.541010 cmHz1/2W,峰值探测率达到1.751011 cmHz1/2W。     

Room-temperature optical absorption in the InAs/GaAs quantum-dot superlattice under an electric field

Electroluminescence and absorption spectra of a ten-layer InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) superlattice built in a two-section laser with sections of equal length is experimentally studied at room temperature. The thickness of the GaAs spacer layer between InAs QD layers, determined by transmission electron microscopy, is ∼6 nm. In contrast to tunnel-coupled QDs, QD superlattices amplify the optical polarization intensity and waveguide absorption of the TM mode in comparison with the TE mode. It is found that variations in the multimodal periodic spectrum of differential absorption of the QD superlattice structure are strongly linearly dependent on the applied electric field. Differential absorption spectra exhibit the Wannier-Stark effect in the InAs/GaAs QD superlattice, in which, in the presence of an external electric field, coupling of wave functions of miniband electron states is suppressed and a series of discrete levels called the Wannier-Stark ladder states are formed.     

InAs/GaSb应变超晶格红外调制光谱研究

在用步进扫描傅里叶变换红外(Fourier Transform Infrared, FTIR)调制光致发光(Photoluminescence, PL)光谱仪进行测试时,基于FTIR的优势,并结合PL无损、灵敏度高、简单的优点,通过减弱背景干扰来提高信号强度。研究了背景噪声、杂质能级和温度对InAs/GaSb应变超晶格材料的发射峰强度及位置的影响,并通过改变测试参数,总结出了针对不同材料的测试方法。这项研究结果对InAs/GaSb应变超晶格材料的外延生长及后续加工具有参考价值。     

分子束外延InAs/GaSb II类超晶格材料

InAs/GaSb II类超晶格由于具有独特的能带结构和良好的材料性能被认为是第三代红外探测器的首选,近年来被广泛研究,并取得快速发展。分子束外延能够精确控制材料界面与周期厚度,是超晶格材料生长的主流手段。利用分子束外延技术在GaSb衬底上分别生长了中波、长波超晶格材料,并对所生长的超晶格材料的性能进行了全面表征,最后用制备的面阵器件验证了该材料的性能。}     

InAs/InGaSb photodetectors grown on GaAs bonded substrates

The results of wafer fusion between GaAs and InP followed by transfer of an InGaAs film from the InP to GaAs substrate are presented in this paper. This technique of film transfer allowed the subsequent growth of epitaxial materials with approximately 7% lattice mismatch. Type-II InAs/GaInSb superlattices photodetectors of different designs have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on the alternative InGaAs/GaAs substrate and on standard GaSb substrates. Comparison between photodetectors grown on the two different substrates with nearly identical superlattice periods showed a shift in the cut-off wavelength. The superlattices grown on the alternative substrates were found to have uniform layers, with broader x-ray linewidths than superlattices grown on GaSb substrates.     

A complementary heterostructure field effect transistor technologybased on InAs/AlSb/GaSb

A complementary heterojunction field effect transistor technology based on the InAs/AlSb/GaSb system is proposed. The structure is formed by the vertical integration of InAs n-channel and GaSb p-channel HFET devices. The superior transport properties of electrons in InAs and holes in GaSb and their band offsets to AlSb or AlSbAs yield devices with transconductances much greater than AlGaAs/GaAs n- and p-channel HFETs. It is shown that a complementary circuit fabricated from these devices could provide room-temperature performance up to six times greater than that predicted for AlGaAs/GaAs complementary circuits     

(111)方向的InAs/GaSb超晶格材料电子结构的杂化泛函计算

采用电子密度泛函理论方法计算了一系列（111）方向的InAs/GaSb超晶格的电子结构和能带结构。将杂化泛函的计算结果与普通密度泛函方法的计算结果进行了比较。Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE)杂化与对固体修正的Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE)近似结合的杂化泛函显示了较传统PBE方法和若干其他杂化泛函更符合实验数据的结果。采用该方法研究了InAs/GaSb超晶格的带隙随超晶格周期厚度以及InAs/GaSb比例变化的规律。其结果与以往实验结果符合很好。这些结果表明HSE-PBEsol方法对于估计InAs/GaSb超晶格的电子性质适用。     

四层结构模型下的InAs/GaSb超晶格材料能带计算

在包络函数近似下采用K.P理论计算了InAs/Ga(In)Sb II类超晶格材料的能带结构.同时, 计算了超晶格材料的电子有效质量和空穴有效质量, 以及不同的结构对应的吸收系数.在此基础上使用了考虑包括界面在内的四层超晶格模型进行能带计算, 并与实验结果进行比较, 超晶格材料响应截止波长的结果更为接近实验值.不同的界面也会引起能带结构的变化, 带来截止波长的变化.对于应变补偿的InAs/GaSb超晶格材料, 非对称InSb界面相比对称界面有更大的截止波长.     

四层结构模型下的InAs/GaSb超晶格材料能带计算

在包络函数近似下采用K.P理论计算了InAs/Ga(In) Sb Ⅱ类超晶格材料的能带结构.同时,计算了超晶格材料的电子有效质量和空穴有效质量,以及不同的结构对应的吸收系数.在此基础上使用了考虑包括界面在内的四层超晶格模型进行能带计算,并与实验结果进行比较,超晶格材料响应截止波长的结果更为接近实验值.不同的界面也会引起能带结构的变化,带来截止波长的变化.对于应变补偿的InAs/GaSb超晶格材料,非对称InSb界面相比对称界面有更大的截止波长.     

Arsenic cluster superlattice in gallium arsenide grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy

Molecular-beam epitaxy at 200 °C is used to grow an InAs/GaAs superlattice containing 30 InAs delta-layers with a nominal thickness of 1 monolayer, separated by GaAs layers of thickness 30 nm. It is found that the excess arsenic concentration in such a superlattice is 0.9×10²⁰ cm⁻³. Annealing the samples at 500 and 600 °C for 15 min leads to precipitation of the excess arsenic mainly into the InAs delta-layers. As a result, a superlattice of two-dimensional sheets of nanoscale arsenic clusters, which coincides with the superlattice of the InAs delta-layers in the GaAs matrix, is obtained. Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 32, 1161–1164 (October 1998)     

(InAs)/sub 1//(GaAs)/sub 4/ superlattice strained quantum well laser at 980 nm

The first successful MBE growth of (InAs)/sub 1//(GaAs)/sub 4/ short-period superlattice (SPS) strained quantum well lasers emitting at approximately 980 nm is reported. The SPS consists of six periods of one and four monolayers of InAs and GaAs, respectively. The measured threshold current density was approximately 100 A cm/sup -2/ for 0.96 mm long lasers. Devices have operated up to 170 degrees C with a characteristic temperature T/sub 0/ of 148 K. The (InAs)/sub m//(GaAs)/sub n/ superlattice is an ordered counterpart of the InGaAs random alloy, and provides an alternative method fabricating high speed electronic and photonic devices.<>     

InAs/AlSb double-barrier structure with large peak-to-valleycurrent ratio: a candidate for high-frequency microwave devices

Negative differential resistance (NDR) in InAs/AlSb/InAs/AlSb/InAs double-barrier structures with peak-to-valley current (PVC) ratios as large as 11 at room temperature and 28 at 77 K is reported. This is a large improvement over previous results for these materials and is also considerably better than those obtained for the extensively studied GaAs/AlGaAs material system. The peak current density was also improved by reducing the barrier thickness, and values exceeding 10⁵ A/cm² have been observed. These results suggest that InAs/AlSb structures are interesting alternatives to conventional GaAs/AlGaAs structures in high-frequency devices. NDR in a InAs/AlSb superlattice double-barrier structure with a lower PVC ratio than in the solid barrier case has also been observed. This result indicates that valley current contributions arising from X-point tunneling are negligible in these structures, consistent with the large band offset     

InAs/GaSb超晶格长波红外探测器暗电流特性分析

利用二极管电流解析模型分析了InAs/GaSb超晶格长波红外探测器暗电流的主导机制。首先,通过变面积二极管I-V测试证实77 K下采用阳极硫化加SiO₂复合钝化的InAs/GaSb超晶格长波红探测器的暗电流主要来自于体电流,而非侧壁漏电流;然后,利用扩散电流、产生复合电流、直接隧穿电流和陷阱辅助隧穿电流模型对InAs/GaSb超晶格长波红外探测器的暗电流进行拟合分析。结果表明:在小的反向偏压下(≤60 mV),器件暗电流主要由产生复合电流主导,而在高偏压下(>60 mV）,器件暗电流则主要由缺陷陷阱辅助隧穿电流主导。并分析了吸收层掺杂浓度对这两种电流的影响,证实5×1015~1×1016 cm?3是优化的掺杂浓度。     

MBE生长InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格材料的界面控制方法分析

本文系统地介绍了MBE外延生长InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格材料的界面控制方法,主要包括生长中断法、表面迁移增强法、Ⅴ族元素浸润法和体材料生长法。短波（中波）InAs/GaSb超晶格材料界面采用混合（mixed-like）界面,控制方法以生长中断法为主;长波（甚长波）超晶格材料界面采用InSb-like界面,控制方法采用表面迁移增强法（migration-enhanced epitaxy, MEE）或Sb soak法及体材料生长相结合。讨论分析了InAs/GaSb超晶格材料界面类型选择的依据,简述了界面控制具体实施理论,以及相关研究机构对于不同红外探测波段的超晶格材料界面类型及控制方法的选择。通过界面结构外延生长工艺设计即在界面控制方法的基础上进行快门顺序实验设计,有效地提高界面层的应力补偿效果,这对于长波、甚长波及双色（甚至多色）超晶格材料的晶体质量优化和器件性能提升具有重要意义。     

Optical Properties of Short-Period InAs/GaSb Superlattices Grown by MOCVD

Semiconductors - This paper reports the structural and photoluminescent study results of heterostructure with short-period InAs/GaSb superlattice grown by MOCVD with 8/10 ML period thickness. The...     

Molecular beam epitaxy growth of InAs-AlSb-GaSb interband tunneling diodes

This paper presents our studies of the growth of InAs/GaAs and GaSb/GaAs heterojunctions by molecular beam epitaxy and their applications in fabricating the InAs-AlSb-GaSb interband tunneling devices. The Hall effect and x-ray diffraction were used to determine the optimum growth conditions for the layers. In addition, the qualities of the InAs and GaSb epilayers, grown under their optimum conditions, were compared. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) from the x-ray diffraction for a GaSb epilayer is about 50 arcsec narrower than an InAs epilayer of the same thickness. The narrower FWHM and excellent surface morphology of the GaSb layer have led us to grow the polytype heterostructure on a p⁺-GaAs substrate using a p⁺-GaSb as the buffer layer. The polytype tunneling structures grown on GaAs substrates under these conditions show good negative differential resistance properties. Five different interband tunneling structures are compared and discussed in terms of their peak-current densities and peak-to-valley current ratios.     

Reactive Ion Etching of GaAs, GaSb, InP and InAs in Cl2／Ar Plasma

Reactive ion etching characteristics of GaAs,GaSb,InP and InAs using Cl_2/Ar plasma have been investigated,it is that,etching rates and etching profiles as functions of etching time,gas flow ratio and RF power.Etch rates of above 0.45 μm/min and 1.2 μm/min have been obtained in etching of GaAs and GaSb respectively, while very slow etch rates (<40 nm/min) were observed in etching of In-containing materials,which were linearly increased with the applied RF power.Etched surfaces have remained smooth over a wide range of plasma conditions in the etching of GaAs,InP and InAs,however,were partly blackened in etching of GaSb due to a rough appearance.     

Dark Current and Noise Measurements of an InAs/GaSb Superlattice Photodiode Operating in the Midwave Infrared Domain

A midwave infrared pin photodiode based on a type?II InAs/GaSb superlattice (SL) was fabricated, and electrical measurements under dark conditions were performed as a function of temperature. The SL structure exhibits photoluminescence emission at 4.55?μm at 77?K. Deduced from current density–voltage (J–V) measurements, a zero-bias resistance–area product R ₀ A greater than 1?×?10⁶?Ω?cm² at 77?K was measured. Additional noise measurements show no presence of intrinsic 1/f noise above 20?Hz, and the photodiode presents Schottky-limited behavior below ?600?mV. All these results confirm the potential for such SL InAs/GaSb superlattice pin photodiodes operating in the midwave infrared domain.     

InAs/GaSb II类超晶格材料界面特性的表征分析

本文系统地介绍了国内外研究机构对超晶格界面进行研究时采用的测试分析手段。其中,通过拉曼光谱、高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）、扫描隧道显微镜（STM）、二次离子质谱（SIMS）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等测试方法可以对InAs/GaSb II类超晶格材料界面类型、界面粗糙度、陡峭性等特性进行测试分析,从而评估超晶格界面质量。光致发光谱（PL谱）、高分辨率X射线衍射（HRXRD）、霍尔测试、吸收光谱等测试方法则可以研究超晶格界面质量对超晶格材料能带、晶体质量、光学性质的影响。     

New wet etching solution molar ratio for processing T2SLs InAs/GaSb nBn MWIR infrared detectors grown on GaSb substrates

Mid-wave infrared (MWIR) technology is dominated by HgCdTe. However, in terms of performance, InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) has shown the theoretical potential to compete with HgCdTe. T2SLs InAs/GaSb technology is under development, where proper detector’s architecture formation must be considered as one of the most important steps of the fabrication process. The paper presents experimental results related to chemical etching of the T2SLs InAs/GaSb with bulk AlGaSb barriers, mesa type nBn MWIR detectors. Although, we attempted to transfer HgCdTe etching solutions: Br₂+C₂H₆O₂ into T2SLs InAs/GaSb technology, H₃PO₄+C₂H₈O₇+H₂O₂+H₂O (molar ratio: 1:1:4:16) at temperature ~21 °C was estimated to have optimal parameters in terms of the mesa profile and current–voltage characteristics. Repeatability of the mesa profiles and surface uniformity was reached. Overetching close to the mesa sidewalls was not observed.