13．56MHz RFID标签防冲突算法研究

射频识别技术应用前景广泛,技术标准以ISO／IEC为主。与传统通信系统一样,RFID系统也存在信道争用问题——标签冲突问题,标签防冲突性能是决定RFID系统性能的关键参数之一。论文比较研究了ISO／IEC标准体系里关于高频13．56MHz频段的几个协议的标签防冲突算法,分析了各自特点,并对技术改进方向提出了一些看法。     

改进的二进制搜索防冲突算法

射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)系统中的多标签冲突问题是不可避免的,防冲突算法是RFID系统中实现标签快速识别的关键.在一些相关的二进制搜索防冲突算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的二进制搜索防冲突算法.该算法利用冲突位构建四叉搜索树,使读写器的搜索次数和发送的信息量大大减少,提高了标签识别效率.实验结果表明该算法明显优于已有的二进制搜索防冲突算法.     

基于时隙ALOHA的RFID防冲突算法及其系统实现方案的分析研究

无线射频识别系统要实现同时阅读现场多个RFID标签的关键技术在于找到防冲突算法来解决RFID标签发送数据的冲突问题。本文首先对基于时隙ALOHA的各种防冲突算法进行研究比较和分析,然后给出仿真结果;接着,说明各种不同的标签预测方法和信息帧设置调整方法对系统响应时间和识别效率的影响;最后,针对自适应调整方法的防冲突算法及其实现方案进行了进一步仿真分析。     

一种基于二进制树的RFID防冲突算法研究

在射频识别系统中,如何快速有效地识别多个标签,即防冲突问题,是RFID技术必须解决的关键问题之一。文中通过对查询树算法及其性能的研究,给出了一种查询树算法的改进算法一冲突跟踪树型算法。举例对比分析表明,该算法在时间复杂度和通信复杂度两个方面都有良好的改善。     

一种改进的RFID系统多状态防碰撞算法

标签防碰撞技术是RFID系统中的关键技术和研究热点.详细分析了典型的二进制及其他改进防碰撞算法原理,并在多状态二进制搜索算法的基础上进行了改进和创新.新算法根据标签碰撞的特点,充分利用已得到的冲突信息,取消了激活命令,大大节省了算法时间,并且新算法能够动态选择分叉数量,使得标签的识别效率得到了提高.性能分析表明,该算法比已有的二进制及动态二进制反碰撞算法具有更明显的优势.     

RFID防碰撞算法的研究

随着物联网技术的高速发展,作为其关键技术之一的RFID显得愈为重要。标签碰撞的应用在RFID系统中是不可避免的,因此RFID防碰撞算法是RFID系统中一个重要问题,直接决定了RFID系统可以识别多个标签的能力。目前防碰撞算法在时域上主要可以分为非确定性算法（ALOHA算法）和确定性算法（树形算法）两大类。本文分析了现存的两大类算法中主流的防碰撞算法,总结出两大类算法的优点以及存在的问题。通过MATLAB仿真进一步证明此结论,并总结未来研究中需要继续关注的问题与方向。     

基于二进制树的RFID系统开发防碰撞算法研究

RFID作为物联网的感知与识别技术处于体系结构中的感知层,被誉为21世纪最有前途的技术之一。由于RFID技术在应用中不可避免地存储标签数据碰撞问题,造成了读写器数据读取的不可靠和不正确,导致RFID防碰撞算法成为系统开发的核心问题。经过实验得出结论,基于二进制树的防碰撞算法是常用的解决方法,有效地解决了冲突问题。     

一种改进的RFID防碰撞算法

在RFID系统中,当多个标签同时处在阅读器的读写范围内时,如果没有相应的防冲突机制,会导致标签到阅读器的通信冲突,使得从标签返吲的数据难以被阅读器正确识别.防冲突算法是阅读器快速、正确获取标签数据的关键.详细论述了射频识别技术中的关键问题:防碰撞技术,提出了一种基于二进制防碰撞算法的改进树形算法.在介绍Manchester编码原理的基础上,对该改进算法的命令、原理进行了较为系统的论述,经验证该算法提高了阅读器辨认标签的速度,辨认准确性也大大提高,在电子标签数量较大的情况下比传统的二进制及动态二进制防碰撞算法优势更加明显.     

改进型帧时隙ALOHA防碰撞算法研究

为进一步提高RFID系统中电子标签防碰撞算法的识别效率,对帧时隙ALOHA防碰撞算法的性能进行分析,提出一种结合精确标签估计和二进制搜索的改进型帧时隙ALOHA算法.将识别过程分为标签估计和标签识别两个阶段,在标签估计算法中引入碰撞概率上、下限参数,并精确估计标签数量对初始帧时隙大小进行优化;在标签识别阶段,利用二进制搜索算法对时隙内的碰撞标签进行快速识别.通过对识别过程进行仿真结果表明:改进的算法改善了防碰撞性能,提高了RFID系统的标签识别效率.     

射频识别系统的防碰撞算法研究

电子标签防碰撞是RFID系统中一个关键问题.在射频识别系统中,当阅读器作用范围内有多个标签同时向阅读器发送数据时,会产生冲突,必须采用一种防碰撞算法解决这种冲突.在分析典型的二进制及动态二进制防碰撞算法基础上,采用了一种新的防碰撞算法.经实验证明,该算法能有效解决射频识别系统中多目标识别的防碰撞问题.     

Gen2‐Based Tag Anti‐collision Algorithms Using Chebyshev's Inequality and Adjustable Frame Size

Arbitration of tag collision is a significant issue for fast tag identification in RFID systems. A good tag anti‐collision algorithm can reduce collisions and increase the efficiency of tag identification. EPCglobal Generation‐2 (Gen2) for passive RFID systems uses probabilistic slotted ALOHA with a Q algorithm, which is a kind of dynamic framed slotted ALOHA (DFSA), as the tag anti‐collision algorithm. In this paper, we analyze the performance of the Q algorithm used in Gen2, and analyze the methods for estimating the number of slots and tags for DFSA. To increase the efficiency of tag identification, we propose new tag anti‐collision algorithms, namely, Chebyshev's inequality, fixed adjustable framed Q, adaptive adjustable framed Q, and hybrid Q. The simulation results show that all the proposed algorithms outperform the conventional Q algorithm used in Gen2. Of all the proposed algorithms, AAFQ provides the best performance in terms of identification time and collision ratio and maximizes throughput and system efficiency. However, there is a tradeoff of complexity and performance between the CHI and AAFQ algorithms.     

Problem of dynamic change of tags location in anticollision RFID systems

Presently the necessity of building anticollision RFID systems with dynamic location change of tags appear more often. Such solutions are used in identification of moving cars, trains (automatic identification of vehicles – AVI processes) as well as moving parts and elements in industry, commerce, science and medicine (internet of things). In the paper there were presented operation stages in the RFID anticollision system necessary to communicate with groups of tags entering and leaving read/write device interrogation zone and communication phases in conditions of dynamic location change of tags. The mentioned aspects influence RFID system reliability, which is characterized by the efficiency coefficient and the identification probability of objects in specific interrogation zone. The communication conditions of correct operation of multiple RFID system are crucial for efficient exchange of data with all tags during their dynamic location changes. Presented problem will be the base to specify new application tag parameters (such as maximum speed of tag motion) and synthesis of interrogation zone required for concrete anticollision RFID applications with dynamic location change of tags.     

多读写器环境下的RFID系统的抗干扰研究

针对RFID系统的多读写器环境提出了一种分时和色波算法相结合的抗干扰方法,解决了多读写器环境下的两种主要干扰:读写器对标签的干扰和读写器对读写器的干扰.仿真结果表明,该方法对于降低网络的重传指数有较好的性能.     

无源RFID自适应帧时隙防碰撞算法研究

射频识别RFID作为一种重要的物联网终端数据采集技术,系统的吞吐率直接影响着数据采集终端的性能,但目前广泛应用于无源RFID系统的帧时隙类防碰撞算法吞吐率普遍较低.本文着重分析了影响无源RFID帧时隙类ALOHA防碰撞算法性能两类因素：帧长和碰撞时隙的处理方式,通过构建和求解帧长调整和标签碰撞的数学模型,给出了无源RFID帧时隙类ALOHA防碰撞算法的具体优化途径和方案：帧长自适应调整和碰撞实时散列.在此基础上提出了自适应二进制散列帧时隙ALOHA防碰撞算法-ABSFSA.实验结果表明ABSFSA算法在同等条件下可以有效减少无效时隙,明显将RFID系统的吞吐率稳定提高到45%.本文的研究工作为无源RFID帧时隙类防碰撞算法的优化提供了可供参考的数学模型,同时对提升物联网数据采集终端的性能具有一定的应用价值.     

一种自适应的无线射频识别系统中的防冲突算法(英文)

A novel anti-collision algorithm in RFID wireless network is proposed.As it is put forward on the basis of collision tree(CT)and improved collision tree(lCT) anti-collision protocols,we call it adaptive collision tree protocol(ACT).The main novelty of this paper is that the AD strategy is introduced and used in ACT to decrease collisions and improve the tag system throughput.AD strategy means that query strings will divide into two or four branches adaptively according to the label quantity.This scheme can decrease both depth of query and collision timeslots,and avoid producing too much idle timeslots at the same time.Both theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the novel proposed anticollision protocol ACT outperforms the previous CT and ICT protocols in term of time complexity,system throughput,and communication complexity.     

跳频CDMA的RFID防碰撞算法研究

分析了当前RFID系统的防碰撞算法,研究防碰撞机制和相关的算法,结合跳频技术与CDMA提出基于跳频CDMA的RFID防碰撞算法。算法以不同的相互正交的码序列区分标签,在同一个时隙中标签通过跳频来防止碰撞的产生。通过一个2.4GHz有源RFID系统来实现和验证算法。实验表明,跳频CDMA算法能有效防止标签碰撞的产生,在时延方面优于二进制树形搜索算法。     

Energy-Aware Tag Anticollision Protocols for RFID Systems

Energy consumption of portable RFID readers is becoming an important issue as applications of RFID systems pervade many aspects of our lives. Surprisingly, however, these systems are not energy-aware with the focus till date being on reducing the time to read all tags by the reader. In this work, we consider the problem of tag arbitration in RFID systems with the aim of designing energy-aware anticollision protocols. We explore the effectiveness of using multiple time slots per node of a binary search tree through three anticollision protocols. We further develop an analytical framework to predict the performance of our protocols and enable protocol parameter selection. We demonstrate that all three protocols provide significant energy savings both at the reader and tags (if they are active tags) compared to the existing Query Tree protocol, while sharing the deterministic property of the latter. Further, we show that our protocols provide similar benefits even with correlated tag IDs.     

基于空闲时隙消除的超高频RFID防碰撞算法

标签防碰撞是射频识别系统中的一项重要研究课题.为了进一步提高射频识别系统的性能和降低复杂度,提出了一种基于空闲时隙消除的二进制分裂算法.该算法在二进制分裂算法中引入了单比特状态标识位,在识别过程中,标签在ID数据传输之前先发送单比特随机信号,用于判定时隙是否碰撞,从而避免了冗余的信息传输.由于该算法彻底消除了传统二进制随机数分裂方法中的空闲时隙,因此节省了识别过程中的协调时间开销.最后通过理论分析和仿真结果证明：ISE-BS算法的吞吐率稳定在40.65%左右,时间效率稳定在32.46%左右,ISE-BS算法相比于现有的防碰撞算法性能更优.从实现的角度,比较了各个算法的浮点运算成本,结果显示提出的算法可以极大的降低系统复杂度.     

An Efficient Reader Anticollision Algorithm in Dense RFID Networks With Mobile RFID Readers

In parallel with the proliferation of radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems, many RFID readers have been increasingly employed. In such an environment, collision among readers becomes a serious problem. Existing anticollision algorithms, depending on the information of neighboring readers, may require constant effort in order to grasp such information. Although it may be given by a server or a coordinator, they may not be suitable in dense and dynamic RFID networks with mobile readers. In this paper, we propose an efficient reader anticollision algorithm using a polling server in dense and dynamic RFID networks with mobile readers. Owing to the assistance of the server, the readers can rapidly decide whether they can work or not without interfering neighbors and can be easily synchronized. Our proposed algorithm is simple and makes readers aware of neighbors to minimize reader collisions. Performance evaluation shows how many readers can operate in a network and indicates that our proposed algorithm is more efficient than distributed color selection, colorwave, and hierarchical Q-learning algorithm, particularly in dense and mobile environments.      

A fast tag identification anti‐collision algorithm for RFID systems

In this work, we propose a highly efficient binary tree‐based anti‐collision algorithm for radio frequency identification (RFID) tag identification. The proposed binary splitting modified dynamic tree (BS‐MDT) algorithm employs a binary splitting tree to achieve accurate tag estimation and a modified dynamic tree algorithm for rapid tag identification. We mathematically evaluate the performance of the BS‐MDT algorithm in terms of the system efficiency and the time system efficiency based on the ISO/IEC 18000‐6 Type B standard. The derived mathematical model is validated using computer simulations. Numerical results show that the proposed BS‐MDT algorithm can provide the system efficiency of 46% and time system efficiency of 74%, outperforming all other well‐performed algorithms.