基于时域调制反射阵列的波束赋形技术

传统的反射阵利用相控器件与微带线实现波束赋形。为了降低相控成本与系统复杂度,提出基于时域调制阵列波束赋形技术。时域调制反射阵列是一种基于简单可重构反射单元的反射阵,它利用控制可重构反射单元的开与关,达到控制阵列输出,实现旁瓣抑制、波束赋形等功能。通过理论推导及仿真,结果表明,时域调制反射阵可以在不采用传统阵列中的相控器件及馈电网络的前提下,采用最小方差无失真响应波束赋形方法与时间调制法,生成理想的方向图,实现波束赋形功能。此特性将有利于推广波束赋形技术在毫米波频段反射阵的应用。     

面向无人机小区覆盖的毫米波波束优化设计

为了提高无人机毫米波波束覆盖区域内的通信容量,改善覆盖区域内用户通信质量,本文结合均匀平面阵列天线,提出采用一种基于目标覆盖区域量化的波束优化设计方法。该方法首先将目标区域进行量化,根据理想波束增益得到理想混合预编码向量;其次,以实际预编码向量与理想预编码向量之间的均方误差最小化为目标获得最优波束,进一步利用改进的正交匹配跟踪算法去拟合产生适合实际系统的波束成形矢量。仿真表明该波束设计方法在收敛速度和收敛精度上均优于传统方法,并可以获得更好的波束形状和波束增益,从而提高无人机目标覆盖区域内用户的通信质量。      

基于GSIC的上行链路毫米波大规模MIMO-NOMA系统低功耗传输方法

非正交多址接入（non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA）和毫米波大规模多输入多输出（multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO）的结合能够支持未来无线通信网络的巨流量大连接需求。研究了上行链路毫米波大规模MIMO-NOMA系统中的功率最小化问题，提出了基于群体串行干扰消除（group-levelsuccessiveinterference cancellation,GSIC）的混合波束成形毫米波MIMO-NOMA上行传输系统新架构。具体来说，根据信道增益对用户进行群体划分，不同群体用户由NOMA服务，群体内用户采用空分多址区分。通过给不同群体设计模拟波束成形矩阵，对数字波束成形和功率控制进行联合优化，提出了一种并行迭代算法来解决优化问题。仿真结果表明，所提出的新架构在总功率方面优于传统的基于分簇和用户级串行干扰消除的毫米波大规模MIMO-NOMA。     

太赫兹超大规模3D MIMO系统中的波束斜视补偿技术

太赫兹通信技术凭借超大带宽的优势成为未来6G的关键技术之一。超大规模天线技术可以提供巨大的空间分集,提升频谱效率,同样在6G无线通信系统中起到关键作用。在基于移相器的大规模MIMO（multiple-input multiple-output）混合预编码中,由于太赫兹频段的超大带宽,不同频率的子载波信道具有不同的等效空间方向,发射端波束形成时,将带来严重的波束斜视问题。与此同时,随着天线规模的不断增长,超大规模天线技术的应用更进一步扩大了波束斜视造成的影响。针对超大规模天线阵列带来的波束斜视现象放大问题,本文利用3D MIMO平面天线阵列来改善这一状况。为进一步改善太赫兹频段超大带宽引起的波束斜视,在3D大规模MIMO系统的基础上,本文提出了基于两层移相器结构的混合预编码方案,利用第二层移相器,对不同频率的子载波进行补偿。实验结果表明,本方法可以有效地弥补波束斜视带来的阵列增益损失,实现接近最优的系统性能。      

八波束STBC-BF发射方案中天线选择技术的应用

提出了大规模MIMO系统空时编码结合特征波束成形(STBC-BF)方案中的天线选择技术.发射符号空时分组编码后经天线阵列加权,形成特征波束,利用天线选择技术对发射天线和接收天线进行选择,接收端采用传统译码方法进行译码.该方案既可以获得空间分集增益和阵列增益,又能减少射频链路的数目,从而降低计算复杂度.仿真结果表明了该方案的有效性.     

FPGA在相控阵波束控制器中的应用

相控阵雷达波束控制器是相控阵雷达的重要组成部分。介绍了分布式波束控制方法,在此基础上应用FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）芯片进行了相控阵16单元子阵波束控制器的设计仿真。基本思想是先脱机计算得到子阵中各个移相器的控制码数据,并将控制码编写成查找表,利用FPGA嵌入式存储块实现查找表。在QuartusⅡ6．0平台下利用VHDL语言对控制电路编程仿真,并下载到芯片中,实现扫描和跟踪模式下对各个移相器的布相。利用FPGA芯片可以降低外围电路的复杂度,有效降低电路引脚数量,提高高频时的可靠性,易于设计修改和维护。仿真结果表明了设计的可行性。     

圆柱阵二维波束图综合方法研究

圆柱阵通常等效成均匀圆阵进行一维波束图综合,深度方向波束固定且旁瓣级较高。多途效应导致接收基阵处声线弯曲入射,阵增益降低。为了修正圆柱阵的阵增益损失以及提高深度方向的抗干扰性能,在凹槽噪声法的基础上讨论了两种圆柱阵的二维波束图综合方法,即整体二维波束图综合方法和分步二维波束图综合方法。计算机仿真结果表明了两种方法的可行性。     

MIMO系统中随机波束成形算法的研究

文章研究了MIMO(多输入多输出)系统中的随机波束成形(RBF)算法,仿真结果表明:随着用户数的增加,随机波束成形技术可以用最小的反馈获得相干波束成形情况下的吞吐量,并可获得MIMO系统慢衰落信道中下行链路的多用户分集增益和复用增益.     

用于UHF频段的RFID波束扫描阵列天线设计

为了扩大射频识别系统阅读范围和提高识别效率,设计了一款应用于多标签高效读取的射频识别( RFID)波束扫描阵列天线。采用空气层结构设计出增益值为6 dBi的圆极化天线阵元并组成2×2平面天线阵,使用开关线型移相器与威尔金森(Wilkinson)功分器设计出天线馈电网络,并使用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)模块控制阵元间相位变化,实现波束30°偏转。整体模型尺寸为350.0 mm×350.0 mm×5.7 mm,分别使用微波暗室、射频网络分析仪以及连接RFID阅读器测试,表明天线实现了4个方向波束偏转以及识别多个标签。     

多子阵平板天线波束指向频率响应分析与固定长度延迟线应用

天线高度是宽带卫星移动通信系统推广应用的一个重要制约因素,采用多子阵技术可以降低平板天线的天线高度。然而多子阵平板天线阵的离散口径会造成天线波束指向频率响应的恶化。为改善天线波束指向频率响应,该文采用固定长度延迟线与移相器相结合的两级馈相方法,提出了一种基于多套延迟线的切换波束技术,将天线波束的扫描范围划分为多个区域,各区域采用不同的延迟线以合成相应的波束。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效减小天线波束指向漂移,满足卫星移动通信系统对天线波束指向精度的要求。     

Low power digital TTL command for 1 bit 60 GHz RF MEMS phase shifter

This paper presents a circuit used to actuate Radio Frequency MicroElectroMechanical Systems (RF MEMS) based phase shifters for 60 GHz beam forming. Wireless transmission in the 60 GHz band show a dramatic free space loss, thus making it mandatory to use antennas with high gain in a desired direction. Beam forming is then necessary to optimize the link budget between communicating nodes. Antenna arrays can be used for beam forming. The work done at LAAS was aiming to provide RF MEMS based phase shifters working with a standard digital command. RF MEMS commonly have high actuation voltages usually obtained with charge pumps. This paper presents a full 1 bit phase shifter with a digital translation part, an analog DC–DC converter, and an RF MEMS based loaded line phase shifter for 60 GHz signals. This converter is built using boost converters as an alternative to the use of charge pumps for driving RF MEMS in the field of wireless communications. Boost converters, despite relatively high current peaks, allow shorter settling times compared to charge pumps.     

A frequency-controlled active phased array

A frequency-controlled active phased array is introduced for cost-effective base-station applications. The array realizes simple LO-controlled beam steering with a fixed RF frequency, but without phase shifter components. Primary beam squint and pattern distortions, often seen in typical frequency-controlled phased arrays, are substantially reduced by the use of our heterodyne-mixing scheme and new feed network structures. The MMIC amplifiers provide more than 20 dB gain for a desired RF signal at 20 GHz, and effectively suppress the unwanted sideband and spurious LO by more than 40 dB. The K-band transmitter array demonstrates up to 40 degree beam-steering within 0.5 degree scan error and less than 1.3 dB gain error during scanning.     

Electromechanical coupling modelling of distributed MEMS phase shifter for phased array antennas

MEMS phase shifter has many advantages as the ‘steering wheel’ of phased array antenna beam steering. The deformation of mechanical structures of MEMS phase shifter influenced by the complex environmental factors, which became the biggest obstacle to further enhance the performance of phased array antennas. The electromechanical coupling model between the bridge height and phase shift of the distributed MEMS phase shifter is developed. The coupling model could be used to predict the phase error and determine the bridge height tolerance for the deformed MEMS phase shifter. The simulation results of four-bit distributed MEMS phase shifter with 15 bridges illustrate the validity of coupling model and demonstrate the application potential for engineering design and test.     

光控微波及其在相控阵天线系统中的应用

本文讨论了光注入锁定技术的发展，给出了光控锁相技术对ＦＥＴ振荡器讯号频率和相位进行独立控制的方法，还给出了光控微波相移器的原理，由引获得新颖的光控相控阵天线波束成形与控制技术及具体的设计结构。     

基于查表法的波控系统的设计与实现

波束控制系统是相控阵雷达的重要组成部分。介绍了一种用查表法完成阵面所有单元布相的方法。重点介绍了这种波控系统的原理、组成和具体实现方法。基本思想是先计算得到各移相器的控制码数据,并将控制码编写成查找表格,存储到存储器中。扫描和跟踪时,根据波束指向数据,查得各移相器的控制码,装订到各移相器中。其特点是系统结构简单、集成度高、设备量少、布相时间短。该方法既简单又实用,已用于某大型有限电扫相控阵雷达。     

Sidelobe suppression considerations in the design of an electronically steered IFF antenna

This paper deals with considerations in the design of an electronically steered IFF antenna which is to provide sidelobe suppression through the use of a difference beam with gain higher than that of the sum beam everywhere outside of the mainlobe region. The influence of the suppression requirement upon illumination design tradeoffs in beamwidth, sidelobe levels, and taper efficiency is demonstrated theoretically for an array restricted to 16 elements. The sidelobe suppression performance for this array, with appropriate choices for amplitude taper, number of phase shifter bits and randomizing phase function, is examined in detail for susceptibility to failures in elements, failures in individual phase shifter bits, and random phase and amplitude illumination errors. In the case of random errors, performance variability with steering direction is examined and a criterion involving the radiation patterns at both the transmit and receive RF frequencies is defined as a measure of performance. It is seen that the design analyzed is successful in reducing the corresponding performance degradation to very low levels in even the worst cases. Expressions are presented for estimating the effects of increasing the number of elements upon improvements in performance in the presence of component failures or random errors.     

基于液晶的太赫兹反射式波束扫描天线

提出了一种基于液晶的太赫兹电控反射式移相器及其构成的波束扫描阵列天线。通过采用液晶调控的开槽结构移相器,解决了液晶调控过程中谐振层覆盖面不足造成的液晶取向不均、边缘效应和饱和电压增大等问题。设计了工作在380 GHz三开槽的移相器,对谐振频点的表面电流分布和谐振频点进行了仿真分析。数值计算结果表明当液晶相对介电常数在2.47~3.26范围内变化,377~392 GHz频率范围内移相器能够实现360°的相移。采用三开槽结构反射相移单元,设计了工作于380 GHz的电控波束扫描阵列天线,实现了30°范围内的一维波束扫描,主瓣增益大于20 dBi。     

基于SP4T开关的4位MEMS开关线式移相器设计

设计了一款4位MEMS开关线式移相器,由SP4TMEMS开关和微带传输线构成,工作于X波段。单刀四掷(single pole 4throw,SP4T)开关用于切换两条不同电长度的信号通道,即参考相位通道和延迟相位通道。每个SP4T开关包含4个悬臂梁接触式RF MEMS串联开关。介绍了4位MEMS开关线式移相器的总体设计,并给出了其关键部件SP4T开关和相位延迟线的设计细节。采用ADS软件仿真分析了器件的电气性能。仿真分析得到:SP4T开关在中心频率10GHz处的回波损耗为-36dB,插入损耗约为0.18dB;移相器各相位的回波损耗均低于-15dB,插入损耗为-0.8～-0.4dB。这种射频MEMS移相器具有小型化、低功耗和高隔离度的优点。     

Review of semiconductor microwave phase shifters

The electronically controlled phased array radar antenna has received considerable attention in the last decade. Requiring no mechanical motion for steering, it can scan in microseconds or, with some phase control elements, in nanoseconds. Even multiple beams can be formed electronically. In the future, for almost every antenna steering application, the electrically steered array will be desired provided cost, reliability, power handling capability, bandwidth, and insertion loss can be made comparable with the mechanical systems. At present, only the electronic array can be used to achieve microsecond steering. Both ferrite and semiconductor media have undergone serious development to meet the task of controlling rapidly the phase of the signals applied to elemental radiators in the phased array. In this paper, an attempt is made to review the progress and potential of the discrete increment, semiconductor controlled, microwave phase shifter.     

基于复合左右手传输线相移器的串馈相控阵天线

基于电调复合左右手传输线相移器,提出了一种新型相控阵天线波束控制方式：通过电压控制相移器的相移,从而使相控阵天线中心频率工作在边射方向,并允许向边射外的两个方向进行扫描。作为实例,设计制造了一个应用在ISM波段的平面串联馈电贴片相控阵天线,并对其进行了测试。结果表明：该相控阵天线可实现连续扫描,边射方向波束倾斜小(2°...