耦合式光电振荡器的理论与实验研究

为了研究耦合式光电振荡器,阐述了耦合式光电振荡器的模式选择理论,给出了维持最佳锁模状态的相位匹配条件,分析了影响射频信号相位噪声的因素,进行了基于保偏机制的耦合式光电振荡器的实验研究。采用分别调节光环形腔和光电微波振荡环路中的保偏可变光纤延迟线可改变腔长的方法,获得了腔长与振荡频率的关系。同时,采用鉴频法测量了不同条件下5GHz射频信号的相位噪声,研究了影响射频信号相位噪声的因素。结果表明,耦合式光电振荡器的振荡模式取决于光环形腔的腔长,射频信号相位噪声受到光信号偏振态、相位匹配、环路长度等因素的影响。实验中获得了偏移频率10kHz处相位噪声达到-136dBc/Hz的5GHz射频信号,是目前国内已知的相位噪声最低的耦合式光电振荡器。     

X波段低相噪跳频源的设计与实现

结合直接数字频率合成(DDS)和锁相环(PLL)技术完成了X波段低相噪本振跳频源的设计。文章通过软件仿真重点分析了本振跳频源的低相噪设计方法,同时给出了主要的硬件选择和详细电路设计过程。最后对样机的测试结果表明,本方案具有相位噪声低、频率控制灵活等优点,满足了实际工程应用。     

Phase Noise in Millimeter Wave Phase-Locked Loop with Mixer

In order to estimate the phase noise of millimetre wave (MMW) phase-locked oscillator (PLO), the phase noise relation of signals in MMW phase-locked loop (PLL) with frequency conversion is analyzed. The signals include output of MMW PLO, intermediate frequency (IF) output of harmonic mixer and output of microwave oscillator serving as local oscillator (LO). A method to estimate the phase noise of MMW PLO is presented, which is based on the phase noise of LO and IF. At the same time, a W-band PLO is achieved, and the phase noise values of the three signals are measured. It is shown that the experimental result is well coincident with the analysis of phase noise relation.     

Real-Time Frequency Estimation of Complex GMSK Signal of Green Communications Devices

Parameter estimation of signals of universal software radio peripheral (USRP) devices is crucial to solve the problem of phase offsets of received signals in distributed beamforming. For systems that will utilize the closed loop feedback algorithm where the receiver needs to send the received signal strength (RSS) values periodically to the beamforming node so as to take advantage of energy conservation, the frequency and phase of these signals should be estimated before smoothening by nonlinear filters. This article presents the estimation of the frequency offsets of a Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) signal from N210 USRP devices in real time by using the Radix-2 fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm in GNURadio. For these green communications devices, most of the needed hardware parts have been software defined, thereby reducing the supposed energy consumption. The frequency offsets from reference carrier frequencies of 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz are less than 3 kHz each before the estimation, but the average offsets are 45 Hz and 100 Hz after the estimation, respectively. The high offset value experienced with the 2.4 GHz carrier was due to consistent interference from devices on that same frequency.     

适用于超宽带系统的低功耗CMOS频率合成器研究

针对脉冲无线电超宽频(IR-UWB)接收系统,提出了一种低功耗频率合成器设计。合成器的设计以一个整数N分频II型四阶锁相环结构为基础,包括一个调谐范围为31%的7位压控振荡器,一组基于单相时钟逻辑的高速分频器。分频器能够合成八个由IEEE标准802.15.4a定义的频率。该集成频率合成器运用65 nm CMOS技术制造而成,面积为0.33 mm2,工作频率范围为7.5–10.6 GHz。测试结果显示,在1.2 V供电下,该合成器的3-dB闭环带宽为100 kHz,稳定时间为15 。测量相位噪声低于-103 dBc/Hz@1MHz,抵消频率为1 MHz。杂散信号功率低于低于-58 dBc。相比其他先进的合成器,提出合成器的工作电流为5.13 mA,功耗仅为6.23mW。     

CMOS ring VCO for UHF RFID readers

A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) voltage controlled ring oscillator for ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) readers has been realized and characterized. Fabricated in charter 0.35 μm CMOS process, the total chip size is 0.47×0.67 mm2. While excluding the pads, the core area is only 0.15×0.2 mm2. At a supply voltage of 3.3 V, the measured power consumption is 66 mW including the output buffer for 50 Ω testing load. This proposed voltage-controlled ring oscillator exhibits a low phase noise of - 116 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset from the center frequency of 922.5 MHz and a lower tuning gain through the use of coarse/fine frequency control.     

宽带超低相位噪声测量系统设计与实现

随着频率源技术的不断发展,信号的频段范围和相噪水平不断提升和优化,这对相位噪声的准确测量提出了新的挑战。文章针对雷达探测、精确制导、时频基准等微波射频领域中高性能低噪声频率源相位噪声指标的测试需求,对鉴相法测量相位噪声的原理进行了分析研究,设计了低噪底的鉴相通路。同时结合互相关技术和微波变频等技术,设计了具有双鉴相通道的互相关式相位噪声测量系统,进一步优化系统噪底,从而实现宽带超低相位噪声信号指标的准确测量。     

一种具有相位噪声跟踪补偿的全数字锁相环频率合成器

为了实现频率合成器中的相位噪声跟踪补偿和降低全数字锁相环的复杂性,本文提出了一种新的基于全数字锁相环的频率合成器。它采用了一种低复杂度的数字鉴频鉴相器和非线性相位/频率判决电路以及数控振荡器,从而显著降低了硬件复杂性。同时结构中采用的非线性相位和频率判决电路能够很好地实现噪声跟踪和快速的相位/频率捕获,数控振荡器能够获得高的频率分辨率(大约6kHz)和大的线性频率调谐范围。通过采用90nm CMOS工艺制造的ADPLL实验结果表明,本文所提出的基于全数字锁相环的频率合成器能够实现从100kHz到6MHz的可控环路带宽和相当好的带内相位噪声跟踪性能。     

Optimal detection of random phase signal with Doppler frequency offset in Chirp-BOK multi-antenna system

When there are Doppler frequency deviation and phase noise in channel,the MIMO-OFDM system with coherent detection requires complicated and accurate frequency offset estimation and Doppler compensation.Based on this,an optimal random phase detection was proposed in multi-antenna Chirp-BOK system,which improved the system capacity by space division multiplexing in the condition of anti-interference and anti-frequency deviation.The equivalent MIMO channel coefficient matrix of multi-antenna Chirp-BOK system was derived as a real matrix,so as to reduce the complexity of channel estimation and avoid to be affected by random phase.A two plus two wireless transceiver system was built on the NI USRP-2942R platform.Simulation and experiment results show that the MIMO-Chirp-BOK system inherits the advantages of low complexity,insensitivity to phase shift and frequency offset of Chirp-BOK communication system.It achieves multiplied communication capacity by increasing the number of antennas.     

二进制调制信号Duffing振子检测方法及其抗噪声机理分析

根据二进制调制信号的特点及Duffing振子微弱信号检测技术,研究了二进制调制信号的Duffing振子检测原理,给出了2ASK、2FSK及BPSK调制信号的Duffing振子检测的方法和流程.从Dufiing振子与匹配滤波器处理待测信号的不同原理出发,研究了Duffing振子输入前端信号信噪比提升的现象.指出二元通信信...     

A 4.3?GHz BiCMOS VCO with multiple 360° variable phase outputs using the vector sum method

A 4.3?GHz voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with multiple independently tunable phase outputs is presented. The VCO is realized by coupling two LC oscillators together in order to obtain quadrature signals and is tunable between 4.12 and 4.74?GHz. The variable phase outputs are achieved by varying the amplitudes of the in-phase and quadrature signals independently and then combining these signals together. By using multiple Gilbert cells as variable gain amplifiers (VGAs), multiple tunable phase outputs are achieved with the use of only one quadrature VCO. The VGAs are controlled using a custom non-linear digital-to-analog converter. The entire circuit is designed using a 3.3?V SiGe BiCMOS process. A maximum phase noise of ?108.17?dBc/Hz was measured over the entire tuning range at a 1?MHz offset. The outputs of the VCO can be used as local oscillators that achieve phase shifting during radio frequency up or down conversion.     

An alternative method for transistor low frequency noise estimation by measuring phase noise of test oscillator

In this paper we suggest an alternative method for the analysis of low frequency noise of transistors based on measurements of phase noise of a test oscillator. This method is demonstrated by experimental results obtained with a simple test oscillator with HEMT, and central frequency of 13.769 GHz. The main contribution to phase noise of the test oscillator comes from up conversion of transistor LF noise. This idea and the method can be used for the selection of transistors for high frequency application or for design of test circuit in RF IC manufacture.     

基于高次谐波体声波谐振器的微波振荡器设计

基于高次谐波体声波谐振器(HBAR)的高品质因数(Q)值和多模谐振特性,设计了Colpitts和Pierce两种形式的微波振荡器。采用HBAR与LC元件组成谐振回路的方法,与放大电路构成反馈环路直接基频输出微波频段信号。Colpitts振荡器输出信号频率为980 MHz,信号输出功率为-4.92dBm,信号相位噪声达-119.64dBc/Hz@10kHz;Pierce振荡电路输出信号频率达到2.962GHz,信号输出功率为-9.77dBm,信号相位噪声达-112.30dBc/Hz@10kHz。     

DISCERN: Enhanced Dynamic noISe varianCe based EneRgy sensing for cognitive radio using USRP at Wi‐Fi bands

Spectrum sensing is one of the critical tasks in a cognitive radio system that allows a secondary user to use the spectrum while the primary user does not use it. The energy detection (ED) sensing is one of the most common techniques to identify the unused portions in the spectrum bands. In ED, threshold plays a vital role in signal detection, and noise is one of the significant factors in threshold calculation. However, ED efficiency is degraded by the noise uncertainty phenomenon caused by the random changes in noise level. The adverse effects of noise uncertainty are reduced by changing its detection threshold dynamically to the noise circumstances encountered during each sensing period. In the proposed method, received random samples are arranged in M blocks, applied strong Pearson correlation to separate and estimate the variance from the noise samples. The enhanced dynamic noise variance‐based energy sensing is implemented in GNU radio processing blocks and tested on industrial, scientific, medical (ISM) 2.4 GHz frequency bands by using national instrument universal software radio peripheral (NI USRP‐2932) device. The experimental results of proposed energy detction mechanism are compared with existing sensing techniques.     

基于CST与ADS的介质谐振振荡器的设计

分析了介质谐振振荡器的起振和稳频的原理,研究了一种低相位噪声的介质谐振振荡器的设计方法。以X波段为例,利用CST Microwave Studio 2010软件仿真了微带线与介质谐振器耦合的模型,将仿真得到的结果导入S2P文件中。再利用Agilent ADS 2011软件仿真介质谐振振荡器的完整电路,采用S参数仿真和谐波仿真分析等方法设计介质谐振振荡器,结合理论分析,调整和修改实验电路的参数值,使模型达到最好的优化结果。最后通过测试验证仿真结果。采用NEC公司的2SC5508芯片作为放大器,得出微波振荡器的输出频率为10.6 GHz,输出功率为5.19 dBm和较低的相位噪声,其在偏离中心频率10 kHz处小于-121 dBc/Hz。     

锁相环电路中压控振荡器的分析与设计

本文设计了一个应用于高频锁相环（PLL）系统的负阻LC压控振荡器,在传统LC压控振荡器基础上,通过采用二次谐波滤波技术降低了振荡器的相位噪声,并完成了电路的仿真。仿真结果表明,该压控振荡器的振荡频率在1．9—2．1GHz,其频率调节范围达到200MHz,并且在距中心频率1MHz处其相位噪声为-148．825dBc／Hz...     

Phase noise: whether identical at all nodes in free-running oscillator circuit

Many years ago it was analytically demonstrated that phase noise in free-running oscillators might be different on the different circuit nodes. Recently this result was questioned. It was claimed that phase noise is identical at all nodes, and characterised by a single scalar constant for white noise sources. Using the time domain Monte Carlo method, which is the only method which does not treat the large signal and the noise signals separately, it is demonstrated that in free-running oscillator circuits the phase noise could be different on the nodes of the circuit and cannot be represented by a single scalar constant. This result is confirmed by simulations performed in the frequency domain using the conversion matrices method.     

低相位噪声微波振荡器设计

针对Ka和Ku波段上、下变频装置对微波振荡器低相位噪声和小型化的要求,该文采用单环锁相式频率合成技术完成了微波振荡器的设计,并对锁相环的相位噪声进行了理论计算。分析了鉴相频率、鉴相器灵敏度和环路带宽对锁相环输出相位噪声的影响,根据分析结果对微波振荡器电路参数合理选择,同时兼顾了低相位噪声与小型化的设计要求。测试结果表明,振荡器的相位噪声指标与理论计算一致,各项指标均达到要求,可满足实际工程应用。     

DSRC系统中微波信号源相位噪声分析

在专用短程通信系统中采用M-PSK调制通信方式,以适应多种速率要求.给出了射频信道模型和微波数字锁相本振信号源的相位噪声模型,分析了微波本振信号源相位噪声的影响,仿真给出了相位噪声功率谱密度与系统误码率之间的关系.利用该结果,有助于无线通信系统的设计.     

可调RF信号光传输系统相位噪声优化设计

为了优化宽泛可调的低频基准射频信号系统、降低射频生成系统的相位噪声,采用减少部件的优化设计方法,使用调幅器改善相位噪声,实现了系统设计的简化。经过理论分析和实验验证,取得了低频射频信号条件下的系统相位噪声与频率偏移数据。结果表明,可以通过机械隔离来消除由于光纤振动产生的过量相位噪声。这在未来的光通信领域中具有一定的应用价值和实际意义。