HHT方法在探地雷达回波信号特征提取上的应用

探地雷达回波信号是一种非平稳非线性信号,其中不仅包含地下埋藏物的目标信号,还包含有可能掩藏目标信号的直达波信号,给目标的识别带来困难。文中采用HHT方法对探地雷达回波信号进行特征分析,提取回波信号的IMF分量的瞬时频率作为特征向量。实验结果表明,用HHT方法提取特征可较好的避免直达波影响,该方法是可行而有效的,为进一步鉴别地下埋藏物提供了新的思想和方法。     

基于小波和脊波变换的探地雷达信号杂波抑制

针对如何有效去除探地雷达信号的干扰噪声问题,提出了一种基于小波和脊波变换的杂波抑制方法。小波能有效地描述图像的点奇异性,而脊波能有效地描述图像的线奇异性。首先结合小波和脊波的特点,对探地雷达回波信号进行自适应阈值去噪,然后利用脊波的方向敏感性在脊波域去除直达波信号,最终通过处理实际探底雷达数据,验证算法的有效性。     

探地雷达直达波衰减的Curvelet变换方法

针对探地雷达信号处理中直达波衰减问题,提出了一种基于Curvelet变换的直达波衰减方法.该方法首先将原始信号变换到Curvelet域,通过直达波在Curvelet域的分布特点,得到其Curvelet系数,并对其进行重构,最后在总信号中减去重构的直达波信号得到有效信号.在处理过程中,利用Curvelet域分尺度阈值处理方法同时可以滤除随机噪声.通过对实测数据的处理和分析,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,并且证实了该方法与2-D连续小波变换方法相比具有占有存储少和计算速度快的特点.     

二维物理小波标架去除探地雷达信号随机噪声

探地雷达是对媒质内部的目标进行探测,接收信号中存在多种干扰与噪声,而目标反射回波信号往往较弱,甚至可能掩没于干扰与噪声中,这给探地雷达数据的处理与解译造成了很大的障碍。因此,去除随机噪声干扰是利用探地雷达进行浅层目标识别的关键技术。介绍了二维物理小波函数的构造及特性,比较了小波函数随尺度变化的特性,利用典型信号的分解与重构验证了程序的正确性,给出了二维物理小波标架阈值去噪的实现过程,并用两个典型信号进行了去噪处理,证明了该方法的有效性。     

自适应对消在去除探地雷达信号直达波的应用

基于自适应对消和探地雷达信号中的直达波的性质,提出了一种自适应直达波滤除方法,通过对模拟实验数据和实测数据的处理,验证了这一方法的有效性.另外,还给出了其它方法对同样数据的处理结果,通过与这些方法相比较,自适应直达波滤除法是一种运算量少、信号失真小、并可实时处理的方法.     

一种改进的外辐射源雷达直达波对消算法

针对外辐射源雷达的直达波对消技术,传统的变步长对消算法依据参考信号或对消后瞬时误差进行步长调整,对于剩余的目标回波等信号也产生了抑制效果,同时影响了直达波信号的对消效果,为此,提出了一种基于对消信号与直达波的相关性的Sigmoid函数变步长最小均方(Variable Step Size LMS based on Sigmoid function,SVSLMS)算法,根据对消后的信号与直达波的相关性进行步长调整。理论分析与仿真结果表明,改进的SVSLMS算法对直达波对消有更快的收敛速度,同时对目标回波信号的影响更小。     

雷达同步信号参数提取及重构技术

对双基地雷达系统的同步方式进行了研究与改进,提出利用GPS秒脉冲时间信息将发射机同步信号参数化的方法,接收机通过参数重构同步信号进行回波信号的接收处理。该方法避免了从直达波中获取信息,也提高了发射机的共享性,使任何一部接收机都可共用一部发射机。通过对导航雷达JMA2254的实验,实现了无直达波雷达参数重构,达到了预期的实验效果。     

压缩感知理论在频率步进探地雷达偏移成像中的应用

该文针对频率步进探地雷达的具体工作过程,利用目标成像空间的稀疏性提出了一种基于压缩感知理论的频率步进探地雷达偏移成像算法,成像过程中首先采用杂波抑制方法在频率域去除直达波,同时利用交叉验证算法来估计成像过程中的正则化参数,最后基于稀疏约束最优化方法实现对地下目标成像,仿真和实验数据表明了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于盲源分离的无源雷达信号处理研究

为解决基于FM资源的无源雷达直达波与目标反射波的精确提取与分离比较困难的问题,在对数据进行源数估计后,将改进的FastICA算法应用于无源雷达直达波与目标反射波的提取中,最后运用基于相关系数的排序和相位调整算法对排序和相位进行调整。仿真结果表明运用该方法可以实现从同频、邻频的混合信号中精确分离和提取出元源雷达直达波与目标反射波信号,为进一步的无源雷达精确定位估计打好了基础。     

基于小波—神经网络的雷达信号脉内特征分析

时频分析是脉内特征分析中常用的一种方法,通过提取雷达脉冲信号的小波脊函数可以获得脉内调制信号在每个采样点的瞬时频率,然后再使用神经网络的方法对小波变换提取出的瞬时频率进行分析,便可以得到信号的脉内调制特征。以MoBet小波和多层感知器为例,对低信噪比下的典型雷达信号进行了仿真分析,结果验证了小波-神经网络分析脉内特征的有效性。     

On the Use of Surface Impedance in the Detection and Location of Buried Objects

A method to detect and locate the cylindrical objects buried in a half-space is presented. The method is based on the reconstruction of the appearing surface impedance of the half-space through remote field measurements of scattered field for a single plane wave illumination. The existence of the objects causes surface impedance to be a function of location. The inhomogeneous surface impedance is determined from the boundary condition itself which requires to know the scattered field and its derivative on the boundary. These values are calculated by analytically continuing the measured data to the boundary of the half-space. The method yields satisfactory results if (i) adjacent cylinders are not very close to each other, (ii) the cylinders are not deeply buried and (iii) the half-space of burial is not highly attenuative.     

两媒质半空间复杂形体电磁散射

本文利用矢量波函数变换方法讨论了两媒质半空间的电磁散射问题，从Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ方程出发，讨论了单矩法在三维复杂形体散射问题上的实施。并在数学球面上将内部区域的有限元解与外部区域矢量波函数变换的结果相匹配，从而得到复杂埋入体的电磁散射特性。作为检验和示例，本文计算了在平面波照射下自由空间导体球，埋入导体球，埋入介质覆盖钝锥等的散射场，其中一些结果与可供比较的经典解或其它算法的结果进行了比较，吻合较好。     

VECTOR WAVE FUNCTION EXPANSION FOR SOLVING ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING BY BURIED OBJECTS

An analysis of solving the electromagnetic scattering by buried objects using vectorwave function expansion is presented.For expanding the boundary conditions both on the planarair-earth interface and on the spherical surface,the conversion relations between the cylindricaland spherical vector wave functions are derived.Hence the vector wave function expansion isconveniently applied to solve this complex boundary-value problem.For the excitation of the in-cident plane wave and the dipole above the earth,the scatterlng patterns of the buried conductingand dielectric spheres are presented and discussed.     

地下目标的瞬态电磁散射特性分析及成像

地下目标的瞬态电磁散射分析对于探测、检验及识别埋地目标，特别是冲击探地雷达的研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。本文用FDTD三维建模计算在收发天线作用下地下无限长管道的时域散射场，重点探讨适用于吸收土壤中凋落波的GPML吸收边界以及处理有耗色散媒质的(FD)^2TD算法，并利用所得数据进行成像分析。BP方法成像结果证明了整个模拟计算过程的正确性。     

Synthetic aperture FM-CW radar applied to the detection of objectsburied in snowpack

Presents the principle of synthetic aperture frequency modulated continuous wave (FM-CW) radar and demonstrates the detection results of several objects buried in natural snowpack using the radar system. First, the synthetic aperture technique is explained with emphasis placed on showing that the Fourier transformed beat signal obtained by the FM-CW radar is equivalent to one kind of Fresnel hologram, which leads the authors to use the SAR technique. Then a radar system operative in the microwave L-band is explored to detect objects buried in natural snowpack. Several detection results are presented demonstrating the potential capability of high resolution imaging in the azimuth direction, comparing with real aperture images     

求解埋入体电磁散射问题的矢量波函数展开法

本文利用矢量波函数展开法求解了任意激励原埋入体的电磁散射问题。通过导出圆柱和圆球矢量波函数的转换关系,使场量满足分界平面和数学球面边界条件,从而方便地利用矢量波函数展开求解了这一复杂边值问题。作为示例,本文计算了在平面波和偶极子激励下,埋入导体球和介质球的散射场。     

Electromagnetic Modeling for Microwave Imaging of Cylindrical Buried Inhomogeneities

Many diagnostic techniques in geophysics and civil engineering are based on the interaction of electromagnetic waves with objects buried in homogeneous or stratified media. Most of the investigations are concerned with the detection of buried objects, but a few papers have dealt with the problem of identifying the objects. The proposed method is based on the integral representation for a plane wave incident on a lossy half-space containing a cylindrical object of arbitrary cross section and electrical properties. The induced current distribution in the object is obtained from the backscattered field measurement in amplitude and phase. In order to improve the spatial resolution of the image, the scattered field is measured for different plane wave incidence and frequencies. Results of numerical simulations concerning the shape and size of the object for different values of soil electromagnetic parameters are presented in this paper.     

探地雷达中的衍射层析算法

给出了二维情况下进行地下目标反演的线性衍射层析算法。该方法采用线性Born近似和傅里叶变换,避免了一般非线性逆散射算法的逐步迭代,因而可用于地下目标的快速检测和位置标定。本文的衍射层析算法考虑了空气地面交界面的影响并计入了凋落场。计算结果表明,该方法可以较好地描述低对比度目标的位置、轮廓和介电参数等信息,也可用于高对比度目标的检测和定位。     

Electromagnetic scattering by multiple three-dimensional scatterersburied under multilayered media. I. Theory

A general procedure is developed for the analysis of electromagnetic (EM) scattering by multiple three-dimensional (3D) dielectric and/or conducting objects buried under one-dimensional (1D) multilayered media. In this first part of a two-part paper, general closed-form formulations for the electric fields excited by an arbitrarily oriented electric dipole under the layered media are first presented, from which electric-field integral equations for the buried dielectric objects, pure conducting objects, and their combinations are then obtained, and the scattered electric fields in the upper space are formulated. Finally, the physical significance of the above formulations is discussed. In the second part, numerical implementations for these integral equations and the scattered fields are investigated