Reduced complexity satellite broadcast receiver with interference mitigation in correlated noise

The recent commercial trends towards using smaller dish antennas for satellite receivers and the growing density of broadcasting satellites necessitate the application of robust adjacent satellite interference cancellation schemes. This orbital density growth along with the wider beamwidth of a smaller dish have imposed an overloaded scenario at the satellite receiver, where the number of transmitting satellites exceeds the number of receiving elements at the dish antenna. To ensure successful operation in this practical scenario, we propose a satellite receiver that enhances signal detection from the desired satellite by mitigating the interference from neighboring satellites. Towards this objective, we propose an enhanced list‐based group‐wise search detection (E‐LGSD) receiver under the assumption of spatially correlated additive noise. To further enhance detection performance, the proposed satellite receiver utilizes a newly designed whitening filter to remove the spatial correlation among the noise parameters, while also applying a preprocessor that maximizes the signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio. We exploit the structure of this filter and propose a reduced complexity LGSD (RC‐LGSD) receiver. Extensive simulations under practical scenarios show that the proposed receiver enhances the performance of satellite broadcast systems in the presence of adjacent satellite interference compared with existing methods. Also, under pointing error, RC‐LGSD exhibits similar behavior to that of the optimum receiver.     

Experimental detection of mobile satellite transmissions with cyclostationary features

One of the important functions of cognitive radio (CR) technology is spectrum sensing. The implementation of an efficient spectrum sensing function can be quite challenging because of various factors such as multi‐path fading, low signal‐to‐noise ratio of the radio communication services to be detected and the requirement to detect and analyze the signal in a short time. As a consequence, it is important to quantitatively assess the performance of spectrum sensing techniques in various scenarios. This paper investigates different digital signal processing techniques for spectrum sensing in the context of mobile satellite transmissions: power sensing, cyclostationary sensing, efficient cyclostationary sensing based on FFT accumulation method and strip spectral correlation algorithm. This paper presents experimental results on the cyclostationary properties of GSM Thuraya mobile satellite communications in various conditions both for the uplink and downlink channels. The receiver operating characteristics are computed, and the results are presented for different algorithms and different positions of the satellite terminals. The experimental results show that the cyclostationary‐feature‐based detection can be robust compared to energy‐based technique for low signal‐to‐noise ratio levels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimation and cancellation of transponder distortions in satellite forward links using memory polynomials

In this paper, a practical non‐linear equalizer with iterative distortion cancellation in a satellite receiver is studied. Assuming no prior satellite channel knowledge, distortion estimation and cancellation are performed at the receiver by means of a memory polynomial model used for channel estimation. A data packet transmission scenario over a single‐carrier satellite transponder is simulated, using the not‐linearized amplifier and onboard filter characteristics similar to the direct‐to‐home broadcast DVB‐S2X reference scenario. Varying the memory depth and the non‐linear order of the memory polynomial model trained in the receiver, we compared the packet‐error rate performance of the practical non‐linear equalizer to the standard fractionally spaced linear adaptive equalizer, as well as to an implementation of the non‐linear equalizer with ideal channel knowledge at the receiver. The improved receiver demonstrates superior performance as compared with the standard linear equalizer with up to 5.48‐dB energy efficiency gain for 64‐amplitude and phase‐shift keying for a practical memory polynomial set‐up, and it approaches consistently the packet‐error rate performance of the implementation with ideal channel knowledge when increasing the memory depth and the non‐linear order. Furthermore, it enables the use of high‐order modulation up to 256‐amplitude and phase‐shift keying in the studied scenario, improving significantly the spectral efficiency of the air interface.     

对数字卫星接收机的研讨

介绍了数字卫星接收机的特点，工作原理，技术参数，结合国内各种品牌，将模拟接收机和数字接收机的性能进行比较，并对数字卫星接收机的市场前景进行简要分析。     

GPS‐Based Orbit Determination for KOMPSAT‐5 Satellite

Korea Multi‐Purpose Satellite‐5 (KOMPSAT‐5) is the first satellite in Korea that provides 1 m resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Precise orbit determination (POD) using a dual‐frequency IGOR receiver data is performed to conduct high‐resolution SAR images. We suggest orbit determination strategies based on a differential GPS technique. Double‐differenced phase observations are sampled every 30 seconds. A dynamic model approach using an estimation of general empirical acceleration every 6 minutes through a batch least‐squares estimator is applied. The orbit accuracy is validated using real data from GRACE and KOMPSAT‐2 as well as simulated KOMPSAT‐5 data. The POD results using GRACE satellite are adjusted through satellite laser ranging data and compared with publicly available reference orbit data. Operational orbit determination satisfies 5 m root sum square (RSS) in one sigma, and POD meets the orbit accuracy requirements of less than 20 cm and 0.003 cm/s RSS in position and velocity, respectively.     

Real-Time Receiver Clock Jump Detection for Code Absolute Positioning with Kalman Filter

In global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) navigation the receiver and satellite clocks play a key role. The receivers are usually equipped with inaccurate quartz clocks, which experiment large drift relative to system time and consequently offset growing very fast; receiver manufactures bound the magnitude of the receiver clock offset to prevent it becomes too large and the actual bounding procedures vary from one manufacturer to another. The most common approach consists of introducing discrete jumps when the offset exceeds a threshold (usually 1 ms). This method is common in low-cost GNSS receivers and influences several applications as differential positioning, cycle-slip detection, precise point positioning technique, absolute positioning with Kalman filter. In this work some techniques to detect and account for millisecond clock jump, suitable for code positioning of a single receiver with Kalman filter, are proposed. Two deterministic algorithms to detect receiver clock jumps are shown: in measurement and parameter domain. The technique in measurement domain uses current pseudorange measurements compared with pseudorange and Doppler measurements at previous epoch; the technique in parameter domain compares current and previous least squares estimations of receiver clock bias, considering the clock drift. Two different approaches are described to account for the clock jumps, once detected, a deterministic one, consisting of fixing the pseudorange discontinuities, and a statistic one, consisting of suitably varying the Kalman filter settings. A static GNSS data set is processed with and without the proposed algorithms to demonstrate their efficiency.     

遥感卫星地面接收系统总体设计探讨

遥感卫星地面接收系统包括天伺馈系统、跟踪接收信道分系统、数据记录处理和快视分系统、遥测遥控分系统、任务管理分系统、测试标校分系统。在对接收系统进行方案设计时 ,应针对不同遥感卫星的轨道、数据速率、成像方式等 ,重点解决多星适应性、卫星过顶跟踪、双通道实时合成及快速反应等关键技术 ,并对系统主要指标进行计算。介绍了遥感卫星地面接收系统总体设计的方案、关键技术及解决途径、系统主要指标的计算方法     

A Fast and Precise Blind I/Q Mismatch Compensation for Image Rejection in Direct‐Conversion Receiver

In this paper, we propose a new digital blind in‐phase/quadrature‐phase (I/Q) mismatch compensation technique for image rejection in a direct‐conversion receiver (DCR). The proposed image‐rejection circuit adopts DC offset cancellation and a sign‐sign least mean squares (LMS) algorithm with a unique step size adaptation both for a fast and precise I/Q mismatch estimation. In addition, several performance‐optimizing design considerations related to accuracy, speed, and hardware simplicity are discussed. The implementation of the proposed circuit in an FPGA results in an image‐rejection ratio (IRR) of 65 dB, which is the best performance with modulated signals, along with an adaptation time of 0.9 seconds, which is a tenfold increase in the compensation speed as compared to previously reported circuits. The proposed technique will be a promising solution in the area of image rejection to increase both the speed and accuracy of future DCRs.     

An efficient decision feedback with center sampling differential detector for restricted bandwidth fast Rayleigh channels

An efficient decision feedback technique (EDF) is proposed to improve the performance of premodulation Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) signals. Center sampling differential detector (CSDD) over restricted bandwidth (BW) fast Rayleigh channels is employed. The intersymbol interference (ISI) is partially eliminated by using the conventional decision feedback (CDF) technique. In the present modification ISI is drastically eliminated by using EDF technique resulting in the minimization of probability of error. The new receiver structure, is useful in mobile radio (MR) and mobile satellite communications where power efficiency, synchronization and implementation complexity are of primary concern. Numerical results show that the receiver structure under consideration yields a superior performance in narrowband channels where conventional differential detector (CDD) becomes unusable.     

Bandwidth‐constrained digital pre‐compensation technique for multi‐carrier satellite communications

A wide variety of imperfections impact end‐to‐end performance in multiple‐carrier per transponder transparent satellite links. Analysis of the link architecture leads to the identification of the sources and characteristics of distortion experienced by a typical multi‐carrier signal. This paper introduces a new remote pre‐compensation technique that takes this analysis into account to compensate for the specific distortion that occurs in the satellite channel. The proposed technique succeeds in compensating both linear and nonlinear channel distortions while overcoming the numerous challenges associated with remote waveform predistortion. Excellent linearisation performance has been observed across a wide range of link scenarios, even for high power amplifiers already linearised in the analogue domain. In addition, through an extensive end‐to‐end simulation campaign and a field programmable gate array implementation of the new algorithms, feasibility of the technique has been verified. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multiple differential detection of parallel concatenatedconvolutional (turbo) codes in correlated fast Rayleigh fading

A new technique for iterative decoding of parallel concatenated convolutional (turbo) codes (PCCCs) for the correlated fast Rayleigh fading channel is proposed and evaluated. This technique is based upon the use of a multiple differential detector (MDD) receiver structure which exploits the statistical characteristics of the fading process to overcome the effects of the rapid phase and amplitude variations. Since traditional MDD receivers cannot be used with PCCCs because they do not produce soft output and are not compatible with channel interleaving, a novel MDD receiver structure is derived which overcomes these shortfalls. In addition, with careful use of extrinsic information related to the a posteriori probability distribution function of the transmitted symbols, the receiver is designed in such a fashion as to allow channel estimation to improve with each iteration. Evaluation of the proposed receiver by means of computer simulation has shown dramatic performance improvements in fast Rayleigh fading channels as compared to long constraint-length conventional convolutional codes using both single and traditional MDD receiver structures     

Peer‐to‐peer cooperation for GPS positioning

This paper presents a peer‐to‐peer cooperative positioning technique together with its performance assessment. The cooperation between the two GPS receivers is realized by means of a wireless LAN connection and is significantly influenced by the accurateness of the synchronization between the two terminals. Both the outdoor‐to‐indoor and outdoor‐to‐outdoor scenarios are considered. For each scenario, we assess the satellite signal acquisition and its computational load and the performance in terms of position accuracy and time‐to‐first‐fix of the positioning procedure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A structured Solar System satellite relay constellation network topology design for Earth‐Mars deep space communications

The deep space exploration missions require high quality of communication performance between the Earth stations and various deep space explorers, such as Mars orbiters and rovers. Due to the difficulties on improving the point‐to‐point physical wireless link capacity, it is necessary to study the relay network communications under the structured idea. In this paper, the structured Solar System satellite relay constellation network is proposed for Earth‐Mars deep space communications, including the mission background, mathematic model, topology design, and performance analysis. The satellite relay constellation could be modelled as a 2‐dimensional structure with multiple concentric circle loops and multiple relate satellites on each loop. With the different optimal objectives as shortest path, minimum hops and minimum nodes required under the constraint threshold distance for each hop, both the Monte Carlo method and modified Shortest Path First algorithms are studied to work out the optimal network topology designs. Simulation results show that, our network topology design could satisfy the requirements on continuous dual‐directional end‐to‐end communications between the Earth and Mars over the whole mission life period and guarantee the performance of end‐to‐end multihop links above the lowest boundary.     

Closed‐form expression for the BER of m‐QAM‐OFDM systems over time‐ and frequency‐selective wireless channels

The broadcast DVB‐T system is an m‐QAM‐OFDM communication system that includes pilot‐symbol‐assisted modulation (PSAM) in order to enhance channel estimation at the receiver. This characteristic makes DVB‐T suitable for a mobile reception, over time‐ and frequency‐selective wireless channels. In this work, a closed‐form expression for the BER as a function of the transmission system, channel model and the channel estimation strategy employed at the receiver is derived. In addition, adjacent channel interference due to Doppler effects is also considered. The results are focused on the DVB‐T system under different scenarios. The channel estimation at the receiver has been shown to be very critical, and the impact of channel estimation errors on the BER is analysed in detail. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

波束空时分组码系统中一种基于ICA的正交检测方案

结合波束形成和空时分组编码的混合系统与传统的单波束发射以及单空时编码发射分集方案相比可以大大提高链路性能;传统的译码方案通常以接收端能够获取精确的信道状态信息为前提;但是对于某些特定的通信环境,这种前提条件通常很难满足.独立分量分析(ICA)技术可以在不进行信道估计的情况下对发射信号实现有效检测.本文针对接收端的信号结构提出了一种基于ICA的正交检测方案;并通过仿真将新方案与传统方案进行了性能比较,仿真结果表明,新方案具有较好的系统适应性和误码率特性.     

Nonlinear optimization for adaptive antenna array receivers with a small data‐record size

Design of a nonlinear adaptive antenna array receiver is a challenging task in wireless communications due to the limited number of antenna elements and the presence of correlated signals, which directly affect the performance of an antenna array. More importantly, a conventional nonlinear array receiver is often associated with a high computational complexity that undermines its applicability in practice. In this paper, we present a new approach to adaptive beamforming receiver that provides superior performance in antenna array overloading and in the presence of correlated signals with a low complexity. In particular, the proposed receiver requires a small data‐record size to estimate the beamformer weights, which is beneficial in applications with fast fading channels. Simulation examples illustrate the performance improvement of the proposed array receiver when it is compared to the conventional beamformers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种基于插值和卡尔曼滤波的接收机钟差预测方法

针对多模多频接收机面临同时处理大量数据的压力,提出了一种基于插值和卡尔曼滤波的接收机钟差预测方法。插值方法分别用拉格朗日和三次样条,三次样条端点的一阶导数采用“差分法代替求导法”来确定。首先由插值方法得出每隔1s的卫星坐标、速度、钟差、频漂和伪距测量值,然后基于单星授时方法计算出静止接收机钟差,接着用卡尔曼滤波算法对接收机钟差和频漂进行预测,最后将预测的接收机钟差与加拿大空间参考系统( CSRS )提供的精密接收机钟差数据进行比较。结果表明,拉格朗日插值由于存在龙格效应,其接收机钟差的抖动幅度比三次样条略大,它们与CSRS钟差数据相比,均方根误差在3 ns之内。     

Advanced receiver design for satellite‐based automatic identification system signal detection

This paper describes an innovative receiver architecture for the satellite‐based automatic identification system. The receiver performance has been fully validated in the presence of the typical satellite channel characteristics. In particular, it is shown that the devised receiver provides an excellent performance against the noise, as well as a large resilience against message collisions, Doppler shift, and delay spread. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A congestion control middleware layer with dynamic bandwidth management for satellite communications

Historically, satellites have been set aside for what regards Internet connectivity; however, the interest in their usage to provide Internet connectivity is now rising again. Because of the growing demand for Internet services around the world, satellites can be an effective medium to serve scarcely populated areas as well as mission‐critical communications. While the standard transmission control protocol (TCP) performs badly when employed on satellite links for the high propagation delay, when a number of client hosts are wirelessly connected to a gateway that forwards and receives traffic across such links, the major limit is represented by the channel condition estimation performed by the TCP through loss detection and/or acknowledgement‐based timing information. This paper proposes congestion control middleware layer (C²ML+), a centralized and collaborative middleware with dynamic bandwidth management, that aims to improve performance and QoS for TCP flows in the aforementioned scenarios. Results of ns‐3 simulations show an improvement in aggregate throughput, a significant reduction of latencies because of low queues occupancy levels, and higher fairness and friendliness guarantees among flows. They also confirm that C²ML+ allows a dynamic and efficient usage of the bottleneck link, avoiding a waste of resources when some client nodes are unable to fully exploit their transmission potential. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rain Attenuation and Doppler Shift Compensation for Satellite Communications

In high‐speed multimedia satellite communication systems, it is essential to provide high‐quality, economical services by using efficient transmission schemes which can overcome channel impairments appearing in the satellite link. This paper introduces techniques to compensate for rain attenuation and the Doppler shift in the satellite communication link. An adaptive transmission technique with a control algorithm to adaptively allocate transmission schemes is used as a countermeasure to rain attenuation. We introduce a new rain attenuation modeling technique for estimating system performance and propose a novel Doppler shift compensation algorithm with reduced hardware complexity. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide greatly enhanced performance compared to conventional algorithms. Simulation software and hardware which incorporate the proposed techniques are also demonstrated.