用荧光特征参量分析乙酸-水溶液的结构特性

为了研究乙酸-水溶液的分子结构,采用稳态荧光光谱检测方法获得了284nm紫外光照射乙酸-水溶液的荧光光谱及其对应的激发光谱,并测得了10组不同体积分数乙酸-水溶液的荧光光谱。通过分析其激发光谱的谱线特性和荧光峰峰值荧光强度随乙酸-水溶液体积分数的变化关系,从理论上讨论了混合溶液的总吸收度、荧光光子发射以及在发射波长为334nm产生荧光光子的量子产率,进而解释了乙酸水溶液的荧光光谱特征峰。结果表明,乙酸和水溶液体积混合比为1:1和4:1时,对应的缔合物的结合常数分别为n=3和n=1。该分析结果可为进一步研究乙酸和水分子的缔合结构提供实验和理论依据。     

Quantifying spatial localization of optical mapping using Monte Carlo simulations

Optical mapping techniques used to study spatial distributions of cardiac activity can be divided into two categories. 1) Broad-field excitation method, in which hearts stained with voltage or calcium sensitive dyes are illuminated with broad-field excitation light and fluorescence is collected by image or photodiode arrays. 2) Laser scanning method, in which illumination uses a scanning laser and fluorescence is collected with a photomultiplier tube. The spatial localization of the fluorescence signal for these two methods is unknown and may depend upon light absorption and scattering at both excitation and emission wavelengths. We measured the absorption coefficients (micro a), scattering coefficients (micro s), and scattering anisotropy coefficients (g) at representative excitation and emission wavelengths in rabbit heart tissue stained with di-4-ANEPPS or co-stained with both Rh237 and Oregon Green 488 BAPTA 1. Monte Carlo models were then used to simulate absorption and scattering of excitation light and fluorescence emission light for both broad-field and laser methods in three-dimensional tissue. Contributions of local emissions throughout the tissue to fluorescence collected from the tissue surface were determined for both methods. Our results show that spatial localization depends on the light absorption and scattering in tissue and on the optical mapping method that is used. A tissue region larger than the laser beam or collecting area of the array element contributes to the optical recordings.     

丙酮-水溶液的荧光光谱发射特性研究

对丙酮-水溶液在紫外光激励下产生的荧光光谱和不同检偏角下的偏振光谱进行了实验研究,分析和讨论了其荧光产生机理和谱线特性,并计算了其偏振度和各向异性度。结果表明,丙酮-水溶液在波长为303nm左右的紫外光激励下能产生较强的荧光,其主要荧光峰位于395nm左右,荧光的发射类型为π＊→n;随着浓度的增加395 nm处的荧光强度线性增强,当增至8%后发生浓度猝灭;丙酮-水溶液发射出的荧光为部分偏振光,具有确定的分子取向,偏振度和各向异性度分别为0.343和0.510。研究结果可为丙酮-水溶液的物理化学性质及团簇结构的研究提供参考。     

奶粉-三聚氰胺的荧光光谱特性研究

为了研究奶粉、三聚氰胺、奶粉-三聚氰胺混合水溶液的稳态荧光光谱和同步荧光光谱特征,采用280nm的激励光照射奶粉-水溶液时,能发射峰值位于330nm的荧光。利用恒波长同步荧光分析技术研究了该混合溶液的光谱特性,分别改变不同的波长差Δλ,当Δλ=60nm时,同步荧光强度达到最大;混合溶液中奶粉的浓度改变时,其同步荧光强度和浓度间满足线性关系。同时得到了奶粉和三聚氰胺混合溶液的同步荧光光谱,当Δλ=38nm时,奶粉同步荧光峰位位于283nm,三聚氰胺位于319nm,奶粉-三聚氰胺混合溶液中两个峰位均存在。结果表明,利用同步荧光分析技术可以较好地检验出奶粉中是否含有三聚氰胺。该研究能为三聚氰胺及其衍生物的物质特性研究提供参考,并为三聚氰胺的含量检测提供帮助。     

Hyperspectral Fluorescence Imaging for Mouse Skin Tumor Detection

This paper presents a hyperspectral imaging technique based on laser‐induced fluorescence for non‐invasive detection of tumorous tissue on mouse skin. Hyperspectral imaging sensors collect image data in a number of narrow, adjacent spectral bands. Such high‐resolution measurement of spectral information reveals contiguous emission spectra at each image pixel useful for the characterization of constituent materials. The hyperspectral image data used in this study are fluorescence images of mouse skin consisting of 21 spectral bands in the visible spectrum of the wavelengths ranging from 440 nm to 640 nm. Fluorescence signal is measured with the use of laser excitation at 337 nm. An acousto‐optic tunable filter (AOTF) is used to capture images at 10 nm intervals. All spectral band images are spatially registered with the reference band image at 490 nm to obtain exact pixel correspondences by compensating the spatial offsets caused by the refraction differences in AOTF at different wavelengths during the image capture procedure. The unique fluorescence spectral signatures demonstrate a good separation to differentiate malignant tumors from normal tissues for rapid detection of skin cancers without biopsy.     

三角形硅二聚体纳米天线及其荧光增强效应研究

提出了一种三角形硅二聚体纳米天线结构,该结构可以从激发和发射过程同时提高荧光物质的荧光发光效率,并且实现荧光的远场定向发射增强。利用时域有限差分法详细研究了不同组合方式的三角形二聚体、不同三角形直角边长以及不同二聚体底角间距对荧光发射增强效果的影响,并进行了结构参数的优化,研究了该结构对荧光激发过程的影响。结果表明,三角形硅二聚体纳米天线结构的直角边长为300nm,二聚体底角间距为0nm是纳米天线的最优参数。相对于裸光源,硅二聚体纳米天线使点光源的荧光发射增强了7倍,实现了远场定向发射。而且,在405nm波长光的激发下,荧光激发过程也得到了增强。     

移频激发差分拉曼光谱仪的多波长光源设计

拉曼光谱检测常常受到荧光的干扰,影响了该技术的推广应用。移频激发差分拉曼光谱方法(SERDS方法)已被证明是一种有效的荧光抑制方法。SERDS实现荧光抑制的关键在于其特殊的激光光源,不仅要求其输出多个相近的波长,而且要求输出的激光功率较高、光谱线宽窄。采用Littrow光栅外腔半导体激光器原理设计实现了一种低成本、便携式的激光光源,可以在15nm的调谐范围内输出多个波长,光谱线宽小于0.2nm,输出功率可达80mW,适合用作移频激发差分拉曼光谱方法的多波长光源,实现拉曼光谱检测中对荧光干扰的抑制。     

饱和激发情况下油荧光非线性特征初步分析

利用激光诱导荧光( LIF)技术,从荧光强度和光谱偏移两个角度研究饱和激发状态下油荧光的非线性变化特征。利用能量变化的激光束诱导油样本荧光,获得荧光强度变化数据,通过非线性曲线拟合来标定荧光特征峰位430nm处的强度变化参数,获得该波长荧光强度的线性变化范围和非线性趋势,并利用探测波长处荧光强度构造出随诱导光强变化的三维油荧光光谱,实现基于激发光能量参量的油样本光谱区分。实验中,针对普通荧光光谱法无法区分的油样本,结合饱和激发状态下油荧光非线性变化和基于激发光能量参量的油样本光谱特征,实现了样本的有效区分。     

Quantitative laser scanning confocal autofluorescence microscopy ofnormal, premalignant, and malignant colonic tissues

Laser scanning confocal autofluorescence microscopy (LSCAM) using 351- to 364-nm excitation light was used to quantitatively compare fluorescent spectral emission of unstained, frozen histological sections of normal, premalignant, and malignant colonic tissues. To identify the spatial origins of fluorescent signals accurately, the same frozen section slides used for microscopy were fixed and histochemically stained immediately following LSCAM imaging. Tissue fluorescence emission was quantified in terms of the intrinsic fluorescence coefficient beta (lambda), defined as the fluorescence power per unit tissue volume per unit wavelength (centered at lambda) divided by the incident light irradiance. Over all emission wavelengths, colonic tissues emitted autofluorescence ranging from beta (lambda) approximately 10(-1.5) to 10(-3.0) cm-1. In the 530- to 610-nm spectral region, markedly increased autofluorescence (beta up to 10(-2.5)) was observed in the dysplastic cells of adenomatous polyps, as compared to normal epithelial cells. Compared to adenomatous polyps, decreased dysplastic cell autofluorescence was observed in adenocarcinoma. The brightest fluorescence in the lamina propria, which was attributed to eosinophils (beta approximately 10(-2.5)) in previous studies, was also observed in other granular structures (beta up to 10(-1.4)). LSCAM reveals quantitative significant differences in fluorescence emission between normal and diseased colonic tissues.     

人脑硫氧还蛋白还原酶的光谱学研究

在紫外光诱导硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR)产生荧光光谱的实验基础上，对TrxR溶液的谱线特性及其产生机理进行了研究。实验结果表明，在波长为253．7nm的紫外光激励下，TrxR溶液能够产生较强的荧光，其光谱覆盖了280～720nm的范围，谱峰形状主要由两个宽阔的峰及分布在宽峰上的诸多细锐的次峰组成；随着TrxR溶液浓度的改变，宽峰和锐峰分别表现出不同的变化趋势。根据分子内部能量转换理论以及共振拉曼散射理论，对TrxR产生的荧光光谱的机理进行了理论分析。理论和实验研究结果均表明中心波长位于336nm的宽峰是来自于TrxR分子中的色氨酸的荧光峰，而诸多锐峰则是TrxR分子的共振拉曼散射。对波长为253．7nm的紫外光激励的TrxR溶液荧光光谱的研究有助于研究溶液状态下TrxR分子的构像、结构以及分子的电子振动态等。     

导数荧光法研究异丙醇-水配合物的团簇性质

实验获得了异丙醇-水配合物的激发光谱和发射光谱,分析了其荧光发射机理,并用波长为220和232 nm的紫外光激发不同体积百分比的配合溶液得到了荧光光谱,在FFT低通滤波和平滑处理基础上运用导数荧光分析法对其进行优化,进而研究了异丙醇-水配合物的分子团簇性质。结果表明,配合物中异丙醇分子与水分子在H键作用下,以不同方式结合可以形成7种能发荧光的团簇分子,其发射荧光的中心波长分别为277、284、293、309、328、345和362 nm,并根据相对峰位强度得到了各团簇分子数量随溶液浓度变化的规律。     

人体鼻咽组织的三维自体荧光光谱特性研究

实验研究了人体离体鼻咽正常和癌变组织的三维自体荧光光谱特性、不同激发条件对组织体荧光发射光谱的影响.FLS920荧光光谱系统的激发光源波长为260～500 nm,步长增量为20 nm,相应采集的荧光发射光谱波长为280～700 nm.实验连续记录的系列发射光谱可以处理成用于样品内源性荧光物质和诊断信息分析的三维荧光光谱或荧光激发-发射矩阵(EEM).结果表明:人体离体鼻咽正常与癌变组织的主要EEM对有260～605、300～330、340～380、340～460和460～525 nm,它们相应的内源性荧光物质分别来源于组织体内的蜡样色素、氨基酸、胶原蛋白、还原型烟酰氨腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)或还原型烟酰氨腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸盐(NADPH)和黄素腺嘌二核苷酸(FAD);荧光激发/收集角度变化对组织体荧光光谱测量结果的影响比较显著,而光漂白特性对其影响不很明显.     

Bi3+共掺和能量传递对BaY2Si3O10: Eu3+发光的调制和影响

荧光粉BaY2Si3O10: Bi3+, Eu3+经高温固相法制备并由X-ray衍射谱仪分析其物相结构。实验结果显示Bi3+共掺下BaY2Si3O10: Eu3+的激发光谱呈现一个有明显增强的宽电荷转移带和系列Eu3+的 f – f 窄吸收峰,发射谱为Eu3+的5D0-7FJ橙-红光发射。当用285 nm 紫外光激发时,Bi3+到Eu3+间存在有效的能量传递,导致Bi3+的宽带紫外发射(中心345 nm)强度减弱,而Eu3+的橙-红光发射显著增强;随着Eu3+浓度的增加,能量传递效率也随之提高。最佳Eu3+浓度为0.4摩尔百分比,此后荧光粉发射强度发生浓度猝灭。结果表明Bi3+共掺时明显改善和提升荧光粉在电荷转移带(200 – 350 nm)的激发效率。Bi3+到Eu3+间主要的能量传递机制是通过四极–四极相互作用实现,并且能量传递的临界作用距离是1.604 nm     

NIR‐II Excitable Conjugated Polymer Dots with Bright NIR‐I Emission for Deep In Vivo Two‐Photon Brain Imaging Through Intact Skull

Methods for noninvasive brain imaging are highly desirable to study brain structures in neuroscience. Two‐photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM) with near‐infrared (NIR) light excitation is a relatively noninvasive approach commonly used to study brain with high spatial resolution and large imaging depth. However, most of the current studies require cranial window implantation or skull‐thinning methods due to attenuation of excitation light. 2PFM through intact mouse skull is challenging due to strong scattering induced by skull bone. Herein, NIR‐II light excitable single‐chain conjugated polymer dots (CPdots) with bright fluorescence in NIR‐I region (peak at ≈725 nm and quantum yield of 20.6 ± 1.0%) are developed for deep in vivo two‐photon fluorescence (2PF) imaging of intact mouse brain. The synthesized CPdots exhibit good biocompatibility, high photostability, and large two‐photon absorption cross section. The CPdots allow 2PF images acquired upon excitation at 800, 1040 and 1200 nm with the highest signal‐to‐background ratio of 208 demonstrated for 1200 nm excitation. Moreover, a 3D reconstruction of the brain blood vessel network is obtained with a large vertical depth of 400 µm through intact skull. This work demonstrates great potential of bright NIR fluorophores for in vivo deep tissue imaging.     

荧光光谱技术在晚期糖基化终末产物中的应用

提出了一种把荧光光谱技术应用于检测晚期糖基化终末产物的方法,重点阐述了该荧光光谱检测系统的测量原理,设计了该荧光光谱检测系统.采用氙灯作为激发光源,利用该系统分别对发射波长为440 nm、445 nm、450 nm、455 nm进行激发光谱扫描测试,得出370 nm为最佳激发波长;采用370 nm的单色光作为激发光源,分别对正常人和糖尿病患者的皮肤组织进行荧光光谱检测,通过获得的荧光光谱分析可发现,两者在450 nm附近的荧光光谱存在明显差异.实验结果证明,该荧光光谱测量系统可应用于晚期糖基化终末产物的检测.     

硝化纤维紫外激发荧光光谱分析研究

为了研究硝化纤维的荧光光谱和定量方法,利用紫外激发荧光技术,首先对硝化纤维丙酮溶液进行了荧光分析,通过三维扫描得到了硝化纤维的紫外激发荧光光谱,确定了最大荧光相对强度时激发波长为355.0 nm、发射波长为354.5 nm;然后在发射波长354.5 nm条件下,测定了不同浓度的硝化纤维丙酮溶液荧光相对强度,对试验结果进行了线性回归,确定了硝化纤维的定量方法。     

Light amplification and lasing in a stilbenoid compound-doped glass-clad polymer optical fiber

We report on a large optical gain, over the wide spectral range, and lasing in a glass-clad polymer optical fiber that uses a novel highly fluorescent stilbenoid compound. The compound 1,4-bis(4-diphenylamino-styryl)-benzene is designed for the blue region of the spectrum and has a high quantum yield of 0.85 in polystyrene and a relatively large Stokes shift of /spl sim/50 nm. A fiber doped with 0.2-wt.% of the compound is photoexcited with a thin striped-shape area at 355 nm with nanosecond optical pulses, and the emission from one end is monitored as a function of the excitation length to deduce the net gain coefficient. The gain spectroscopy has revealed a broad optical gain exceeding 25 cm/sup -1/ and up to 36 cm/sup -1/ at 494 nm that covers a wide spectral range of about 70 nm when the fiber is transversely photoexcited at 12 mJ/cm/sup 2/ at room temperature. An analysis shows that the saturation effect expected for homogeneously broadened gain accounts for the amplified spontaneous emission output behavior at longer excitation lengths. Waveguide loss is measured to be 0.7 cm/sup -1/ at 494 nm. The large gain and low loss have been utilized to demonstrate blue laser emission at 489 nm from the fiber (which is only 1.4 cm in length) in a low finesse cavity defined by the Fresnel reflections at the fiber-air interfaces. The threshold for lasing is found to be 1.7 mJ/cm/sup 2/.     

Delayed fluorescence spectroscopy and mechanism of the 730 nm component of chloroplast

Charge recombination in reaction center (RC) of photosystem II(PS II) is regarded as the location of 685 nm delayed fluorescence (DF). The mechanism of 730 nm component appearing in the DF spectrum for chloroplast was studied by various spectral analysis methods. Experimental results of the DF spectrum at different chloroplast concentration show that the intensity of peaks at 685nm and 730 nm ascends with the chloroplast concentration increasing when the concentration is relatively low. When the concentration increases to the level of 7.8μg/ml, a maximum intensity of the peak at 685 nm appears but the intensity of 730 nm peak still increases. The peak at 730 nm finally reaches a maximum intensity at the chloroplast concentration of 31.2 μg/ml while the intensity of the 685 nm peak has apparently fallen down. The results of absorption spectrum show that the ratios of A685 to A730 keep almost constant with the increasing of chloroplast concentration. Furthermore, the excitation spectrum for 730 nm fluorescence shows that the 685nm light has high excitation efficiency. These results indicate that the 730 nm component of DF spectrum is the fluorescence of chlorophyll in PS I RC excited by 685 nm DF. Meanwhile, this can be further verified by the invariability of DF spectrum at different delay time (1 second∼9 seconds). This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60378043), and supported by the Opening Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control (Lanzhou Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education (K04108)     

Y3MgAl3SiO12:Dy 3+,Eu 3+荧光粉的能量传递与暖白光实现

采用高温固相法合成了Dy ³⁺、Eu ³⁺共掺杂Y₃MgAl₃SiO₁₂石榴石型荧光粉。采用XRD、荧光光谱仪等仪器对样品的结构以及光谱特性进行表征,探究了Dy ³⁺/Eu ³⁺在Y₃MgAl₃SiO₁₂基质结构中的光谱特征以及离子间的能量传递机制。在367 nm近紫外光激发下,Y₃MgAl₃SiO₁₂:Dy ³⁺,Eu ³⁺的发射光谱包含Dy ³⁺的6F9/2到6H15/2和6H13/2的电子跃迁特征发射(487 nm蓝光和592 nm黄光)和Eu ³⁺的5D0 7F2 and 5D0 7F4特征发射峰(616 nm和710 nm红光)。在400~500 nm范围内Dy ³⁺发射谱与Eu ³⁺激发谱重叠,表明Dy ³⁺与Eu ³⁺之间存在着能量传递,能量传递的机理为电四极-电四极相互作用。该荧光粉通过调整Dy ³⁺和Eu ³⁺的掺杂浓度比封装近紫外LED芯片,可以实现单基质暖白光LED照明。     

乙酸的光谱学及其特性的研究

采用光栅光谱仪获得了波长为 2 5 4nm(Δλ1 /2 4nm)的紫外光激励乙酸溶液的紫外吸收光谱和不同浓度溶液的荧光光谱 ,并对其产生机理和谱线特性进行了研究。实验结果和理论分析表明 ,波长为 2 5 4nm的紫外光诱导乙酸分子发出的荧光是由乙酸分子上的荧光团 -C =O -产生的 ,其量子转换效率可达 5 0 %以上 ;乙酸溶液的荧光量子产额将随浓度发生明显的变化。研究乙酸的紫外光谱和荧光光谱及其特性可为其作为溶剂和催化剂时对其他有机大分子光谱特性的影响提供参考