长波InAsSb材料的结构特性研究

用熔体外延(ME)法在InAs衬底上生长了InAsSb外延层,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了样品的横截面,并测量出外延层的厚度达到100μm,用X-射线衍射(XRD)谱研究了InAsSb外延层的结构性质。测量结果表明,InAs/InAs0.023Sb0.977单晶具有相当完美的晶体取向结构及良好的结晶质量,这可能得益于100μm的外延层厚度基本消除了外延层与衬底之间晶格失配的影响。电子探针微分析(EPMA)测量的元素分布图像显示,Sb(锑)元素在外延层中的分布相当均匀。     

2～3μmGaAs基InAs/GaSb超晶格材料

采用分子束外延方法在GaAs(100)衬底上生长GaSb体材料,以此GaSb为缓冲层生长了不同InAs厚度的InAs/GaSb超晶格,其10 K光荧光谱峰值波长在2～2.6 μm.高分辨透射电子显微镜观察证实超晶格界面清晰,周期完整.InAs/GaSb超晶格材料的成功生长是制备这类红外探测器件重要的第一步.     

截止波长12μm的InAs0.04Sb0.96/GaAs的熔体外延生长及特性研究

用熔体外延(ME)法在半绝缘(100)GaAs衬底上成功生长出了截止波长为12 μm的InAs0.04Sb0.96外延层.傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)透射光谱揭示,InAsSb合金的禁带宽度被强烈变窄.通过分析InAs0.04Sb0.96外延层载流子浓度的温度依存性表明,其室温禁带宽度为0.105 5 eV,与透射光谱测得的数值很好地一致.通过测量12～300 K的吸收光谱,研究了InAs0.04Sb0.96/GaAs的禁带宽度的温度依存性.霍尔测量得出300 K下样品的电子迁移率为4.47×104 cm2/Vs,载流子浓度为8.77×1015 cm-3;77 K下电子迁移率为2.15×104 cm2/Vs,载流子浓度为1.57×1015 cm-3;245 K下的峰值迁移率为4.80×104 cm2/Vs.     

晶格失配对InAs基室温中波红外探测器性能的影响

采用液相外延技术生长了InAs基室温红外探测器件材料,通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪分析了外延材料表面形貌、截面形貌与晶格失配的关系。分析发现,不恰当的晶体晶格常数匹配度会导致材料表面形貌变差,降低材料的结晶质量,晶格失配在0.22%左右的InAs基外延材料表面形貌较好,缺陷少,晶体质量较好。在此基础上,成功制备出室温探测率D^*为6.8×10⁹ cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1的InAs基室温中波红外探测器,这一性能与国际上红外探测器领军企业美国Teledyne Judson Technologies和日本滨松株式会社的商用InAs基红外探测器性能处于同等水平。     

2～5μm InAs/GaSb超晶格红外探测器

采用分子束外延方法在GaSb和GaAs衬底上生长了不同周期厚度的InAs/GaSb高质量Ⅱ型能带结构超晶格红外探测器,其探测波长覆盖2～5 μm红外波段.采用高分辨透射电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射测试、室温与低温光电流响应谱及室温与低温光荧光谱等多种测试手段检验了分子束外延生长在不同衬底上的超晶格材料质量与光学...     

InAs/GaSbⅡ类超晶格电学性能研究

为了提高InAs/GaSb超晶格探测器性能和工作温度,研究了超晶格吸收层载流子输运性能。利用分子束外延在半绝缘GaAs衬底上生长InAs/GaSb超晶格材料,用霍尔测试表征材料电学性能,研究了不同条件,包括退火、束流比和在超晶格不同材料层的掺杂对超晶格电学性能的影响。     

InGaAs/InP材料的MOCVD生长研究

研究了InGaAs/InP材料的MOCVD生长技术和材料的性能特征。InP衬底的晶向偏角能够明显影响外延生长模型以及外延层的表面形貌,用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察到了外延层表面原子台阶的聚集现象(step-bunching现象),通过晶体表面的原子台阶密度和二维生长模型解释了台阶聚集现象的形成。对外延材料进行化学腐蚀,通过双晶X射线衍射(DCXRD)分析发现异质结界面存在应力,用异质结界面岛状InAs富集解释了应力的产生。通过严格控制InGaAs材料的晶格匹配,并优化MOCVD外延生长工艺,制备出厚层InGaAs外延材料,获得了低于1×1015cm-3的背景载流子浓度和良好的晶体质量。     

垂直堆垛InAs量子点的光学性质

垂直堆跺InAs量子点是用分子束外延(MBE),通过Stranski-Krastanov(S-K)方式生长.利用光致发光(PL)实验对InAs量子点进行了表征.在生长过程中使用对形状尺寸控制的方式来提高垂直堆垛InAs量子点形貌均匀性.样品的外延结构是Si掺杂GaAs衬底生长500nm的过渡层,500nm的GaAs外延层,15nm的Al0.5Ga0.5As势垒外延层,5个周期的InAs量子点生长后2单层GaAs的外延结构,50 nh的Al0.5Ga0.5As势垒外延层,最后是15 m的GaAs覆盖层.外延结构中Al0.5Ga0.5As势垒外延层对镶嵌在里面的InAs量子点有很强的量子限制作用产生量子效应.PL测量系统使用514.5 nn的缸离子激发源.发现了量子点基态光致发光峰等距离向红外方向劈裂等新的物理现象.利用光致发光通过改变势垒的宽度和掺杂情况,研究了外延结构的光致发光特性,得到二维电子气(2DEG)随势能变化局域化加强等的新结果.     

分子束外延InAs/GaSb II类超晶格材料

InAs/GaSb II类超晶格由于具有独特的能带结构和良好的材料性能被认为是第三代红外探测器的首选,近年来被广泛研究,并取得快速发展。分子束外延能够精确控制材料界面与周期厚度,是超晶格材料生长的主流手段。利用分子束外延技术在GaSb衬底上分别生长了中波、长波超晶格材料,并对所生长的超晶格材料的性能进行了全面表征,最后用制备的面阵器件验证了该材料的性能。}     

GaAs基GaSb体材料及InAs/GaSb超晶格材料的MBE生长

采用分子束外延方法在GaAs(100)衬底上生长GaSb体材料,以此GaSb为缓冲层生长了不同InAs厚度的InAs/GaSb超晶格,其10K光致发光谱峰值波长在2.0～2.6 μm.高分辨透射电子显微镜观察证实超晶格界面清晰,周期完整.     

Zone-center optical phonons in wurtzite InAlN crystal

An experimental study of the optical phonons is presented for InAlN epilayers lattice-matched with GaN by means of Raman scattering,and theoretical simulations are done to investigate the zone-center optical phonons of InAlN alloy by using the modified random element isodisplacement(MREI)model.The calculated findings show that the LO and TO branches of InAlN crystal both exhibit nonlinear properties.A comparison is made between the theoretical results and the experimental data,and it shows that they are both consistent for the A 1 (LO)phonons of InAlN epilayers.     

4H-SiC低压热壁CVD同质外延生长及特性

为了获得高质量4H-SiC外延材料,研制出一套水平式低压热壁CVD(LP-HWCVD)生长系统,在偏晶向的4H-SiC Si(0001)晶面衬底上,利用"台阶控制生长"技术进行了4H-SiC的同质外延生长,典型生长温度和压力分别为1500℃和1.3×103Pa,生长速率控制在1.0μm/h左右.采用Nomarski光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射、Raman散射以及低温光致发光测试技术,研究了4H-SiC的表面形貌、结构和光学特性以及用NH3作为n型掺杂剂的4H-SiC原位掺杂技术,并在此基础上获得了4H-SiC p-n结二极管以及它们在室温及400℃下的电致发光特性,实验结果表明4H-SiC在Si不能工作的高温环境下具有极大的应用潜力.     

Monolithic oxide-confined multiple-wavelength vertical-cavitysurface-emitting laser arrays with a 57-nm wavelength grading rangeusing an oxidized upper Bragg mirror

Monolithic, oxide-confined, multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays with a very large periodic, wavelength grading span of 57 nm (from 968 to 1025 nm) have been achieved under room temperature, continuous-wave operation, with threshold currents of 4.5 mA±1.5 mA. Almost linear wavelength grading is achieved by organometallic vapor phase epitaxial growth on a patterned substrate. An extended wavelength range is achieved by minimizing the optical loss dispersion by scaling the growth rate of all the epilayers and using a selectively-oxidized upper DBR mirror with a flattened optical reflectance spectrum, plus the higher differential optical gain provided by compressively-strained In_0.2Ga_0.8As-GaAs quantum wells     

原位退火对HVPE生长的GaN外延层光学性质和结构的影响

研究了原位退火对用氢化物外延方法在(0001)面蓝宝石衬底上生长的氮化镓(GaN)外延薄膜的结构和光学性能的影响.测试表明,氨气气氛下在生长温度进行的原位退火,明显提高了GaN外延膜的质量.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,随着原位退火时间的增加,(0002)面和(1012)面摇摆曲线的半峰宽逐渐变窄.喇曼散射谱显示样品退火后E2(high)峰位向低频区移动;随着退火时间的延长,趋向于块状GaN的峰位.可见,原位退火使GaN外延膜中的双轴应力明显减少.光致发光的测试结果与XRD和喇曼散射谱的结论一致.表明原位退火能有效提高GaN外延膜的结构和光学性能.     

原位退火对HVPE生长的GaN外延层光学性质和结构的影响

研究了原位退火对用氢化物外延方法在(0001)面蓝宝石衬底上生长的氮化镓(GaN)外延薄膜的结构和光学性能的影响.测试表明,氨气气氛下在生长温度进行的原位退火,明显提高了GaN外延膜的质量.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,随着原位退火时间的增加,(0002)面和(1012)面摇摆曲线的半峰宽逐渐变窄.喇曼散射谱显示样品退火后E2(high)峰位向低频区移动;随着退火时间的延长,趋向于块状GaN的峰位.可见,原位退火使GaN外延膜中的双轴应力明显减少.光致发光的测试结果与XRD和喇曼散射谱的结论一致.表明原位退火能有效提高GaN外延膜的结构和光学性能.     

III-nitride-based planar lightwave circuits for long wavelength optical communications

Planar lightwave circuits based on III-nitride wide-bandgap semiconductors are proposed and the feasibility of developing III-nitride-based novel photonic integrated circuits for applications in fiber-optical communications is discussed. III-nitrides have low attenuation in the near-infrared wavelength region because of their wide bandgaps, while as semiconductors their refractive indexes can be modulated by carrier injection. III-nitrides are also well known for their ability to operate at high temperatures, high power levels and in harsh environments. These characteristics make III-nitrides ideal candidates for tunable optical phased-array (PHASAR) devices for optical communications. We have characterized the optical properties of Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N epilayers in the 1550-nm wavelength region, including the refractive indexes and the impact of Al concentrations. Single-mode ridged optical waveguide devices using GaN-AlGaN heterostructures have been designed, fabricated and characterized for operation in the 1550-nm wavelength window. The birefringence of wurtzite GaN grown on sapphire substrate has been observed. Refractive indexes were found to be different for signal optical field perpendicular and parallel to the crystal c axis (n/sub /spl perp// /spl ne/ n/sub ///). More importantly, we found an approximately 10% change in the index difference /spl Delta/n=n/sub ///-n/sub /spl perp// with varying the waveguide orientation within the c plane, and a 60/spl deg/ periodicity was clearly observed. This is attributed to the hexagonal structure of the nitride materials. Various functional waveguide devices have been realized, including 2/spl times/2 directional couplers and eight-wavelength array-waveguide gratings. Theoretical predictions of temperature sensitivity and the efficiency of carrier-induced refractive change are provided.     

InAsSb/InTISb superlattice: A proposed heterostructure for long wavelength infrared detectors

A novel superlattice (SL) heterostructure, comprising of InTlSb well and InAsSb barrier lattice matched to InSb, is proposed for long wavelength 8−12 urn detectors. Improvements in the InTlSb epilayers’ structural quality are expected, as it will be sandwiched between higher quality zinc-blende InAsSb epilayers. Preliminary energy band calculations of 30? InAs_0.07Sb_0.93/100? In_0.93Tl_0.07Sb SL show the band alignment favorable to type I with three heavy-hole subband confinement in the valence band and a partial electron subband confinement in the conduction band due to the small conduction band offset. Including the effect of strain indicates significant changes in the band offsets, with optical bandgap essentially unaltered. The optical band gap of this SL was computed to be 0.127 eV (9.7 μm) at OK, indicating its potential for long wavelength applications.     

The influence of As and Ga prelayers on the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of GaAs/Ge

GaAs epilayers were grown on Ge by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with As or Ga prelayers. The grown epilayers were examined for surface morphology, antiphase domain (APD) presence, and optical quality using optical interference contrast microscopy, molten potassium hydroxide (KOH) etching, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The As prelayer results in smooth, shiny, and APD-free epilayers with good optical quality. In contrast, the Ga prelayer results in a rough surface with APDs and higher carbon incorporation.     

High-speed photodetector applications of GaAs and InxGa1−xAs/GaAs grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy

GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at low substrate temperatures (≈200°C) exhibits the desired properties of a high-speed photoconductor: high resistivity, high mobility, high dielectric-breakdown strength, and subpicosecond carrier lifetime. The unique material properties are related to the excess arsenic content in the MBE grown epilayers. Due to the combination of the above properties, dramatically improved performance has been observed in photoconductive detectors and correlators using submicron spaced electrodes. In addition to GaAs, low-temperature growth of In_xGa_1−xAs alloys also leads to the incorporation of excess arsenic in the layers, and therefore this material system exhibits many beneficial photoconductor properties as well. In particular, the lattice-mismatched growth of LT-In_xGa_1−xAs on GaAs appears to be the most suited for high-speed detector applications in the near-infrared wavelength range used in optical communications. The material issues and the photodetector characteristics required to optimize their performance are discussed.     

Growth of GaN on Buffer Layers with Different Polarities by Hydride Vapor-Phase Epitaxy

This paper reports the properties of GaN grown by the hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (HVPE) technique on buffer layers with different polarities. The N-, mixed-, and Ga-polarity buffer layers were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) on sapphire (0001) substrates; then, thicker GaN epilayers were grown on these by HVPE. The surface morphology, structural, and optical properties of these HVPE-GaN epilayers were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results indicate that the crystallinity of these HVPE-GaN epilayers depends on the polarity of the buffer layer.