Adaptive radio resource management for maximizing reward and balancing loads in 4G hybrid universal mobile telecommunications system and long term evolution communications

The universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) and long term evolution (LTE)/LTE‐advanced specifications have been proposed to offer high data rate for the forwarding link under high‐mobility wireless communications. The keys include supporting multi‐modes of various coding schemes (e.g., VSF‐OFCDM, OFDM, OFDMA), multiple‐input multiple‐output, relay networks, and so on. To balance loads among different communication interfaces is one of the most important issues that should be addressed for achieving efficient radio resource allocations. In a shared packet service, the 3GPP UMTS adopts the VSF‐OFCDM interface to allocate orthogonal codes of an OVSF code tree in two‐dimension (2D) spreading at the time and frequency domains. However, it easily leads to high packet loss rate and high bandwidth waste rate, because it does not consider interference and the adaptive modulation and coding scheme simultaneously. Conversely, although the LTE/LTE‐advanced interface offers a high data rate, it suffers from unbalanced loads and moderate reward. This paper thus proposes an adaptive radio resource allocation for balancing loads between the UMTS and LTE/LTE‐advanced interfaces according to various interference and mobility environments. In addition, an adaptive multi‐code allocation is proposed for the UMTS to minimize the bandwidth waste rate while guaranteeing quality of service. Numerical results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other approaches in fractional reward loss and system utilization. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Q-learning approach for machine-type communication random access in LTE-Advanced

Telecommunication Systems - Due to the wide proliferation of the 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced systems as the air interface for 4th generation (4G) wireless systems and beyond,...     

LTE-Advanced上行链路多天线增强方案研究

作为ITU于2010年10月通过的4G标准之一,LTE-Advanced是3GPP长期演进（LTE）标准的增强版。文章给出了3GPP LTE-Advanced标准化时间表和关键性能,分析了上行链路多天线参考信号结构,描述了物理上行共享信道（PUSCH）中的MIMO、控制信道的上行链路MI-MO和上行链路多用户MIMO的工作原理,验证了上行链路多天线增强方案的系统性能。最后,文章还预测了LTE-Advanced R11中LTE-Ad-vanced上行链路多天线增强方案发展趋势。     

LTE-Advanced空口监测仪表系统设计

伴随着国际范围的3GPP LTE技术的商用化,新型无线网络分析和优化仪表日益得到重视和发展。针对我国在LTE网络建设过程中,缺乏空中接口监测仪表的问题,研发符合3GPP及行业标准要求的LTE-Advanced空口监测仪表的硬件平台是必需的。本文设计基于FPGA的空口监测仪表的硬件系统。结合系统设计,分析了LTE-Advanced空口监测仪表的数据处理流程。从物理架构和逻辑架构方面分别阐述射频和基带板卡、协议板板卡设计思路。最后,针对LTE-Advanced空口监测仪表的开发难度,本文对FPGA和DSP两种技术路线进行了分析比较。     

LTE无线链路关键技术探讨

LIE技术不仅使3GPP标准保持相对其他移动通信标准的竞争优势,同时也为3GPP标准向IMT.Advanced阶段演进打下了坚实的基础.本文探讨了LTE无线链路中的核心技术,包括上下行多址技术、多天线技术、导频技术、HARQ技术以及无线资源调度技术.最后,展望了LTE-Advanced系统的研究热点和演进方向.     

LTE关键技术及其发展趋势分析

随着宽带无线接入的出现,接入移动化、宽带化的业务需求越来越旺盛,用户对移动通信网络的速率要求越来越高,为此,3GPP在2004年底经过认真的讨论,决定采用B3G或4G的技术来使用3G频段,以便占有宽带无线接入市场,并制定了长期演进计划LTE（Long Term Evolution）。LTE改进并增强了3G的空中接入技术,采用OFDM及MIMO技术作为其无线网络演进的唯一标准。本文介绍了LTE的技术需求目标,对物理层的关键技术进行了分析,总结了LTE的技术优势,最后展望了LTE技术的未来发展趋势,LTE技术必将成为B3G一个最有利的候选方案并将得到更大的发展。     

Standardization of femtocells in 3GPP - [femtocell wireless communications]

Cellular system operators have identified the critical need for standardization of femtocell devices and their associated interfaces into the operators' core networks as a critical requirement for the success of femtocell products. Driven by this demand, the UMTS/UTRAN standards community has been undertaking a large-scale and comprehensive effort to specify such standards for femtocell devices and systems that are based on the UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA family of radio access technologies. This article describes those standardization activities and provides an overview for the femtocell system architecture that has been developed within 3GPP.     

LTE-Advanced载波聚合资源调度算法研究

LTE-Advanced(以下简称LTE-A)作为3GPP LTE技术标准的增强版本,它能够提供更大的系统带宽,可获得更高的峰值数据速率和用户频谱效率。为了支持更多的用户业务,也为了满足IMT-Advanced的性能要求,LTE-A提出了载波聚合（CA）技术,即对若干个带宽满足一定要求的载波进行聚合形成100 M传输带宽,从而可以实现上行500 Mbit/s、下行1 Gbit/s的峰值数据速率。相比于单载波系统,引入载波聚合技术的LTE-A系统属于多载波系统,其资源调度更为复杂,如何分配多个载波下的物理资源成了急需解决的问题。因此,基于LTE-A载波聚合的系统架构和关键技术,介绍了LTE-A载波聚合的资源调度模型;针对目前存在的LTE-A载波聚合资源调度算法,详细分析了每一种算法的优缺点,并做出了总结。     

3G LTE中随机接入过程分析与仿真

为了保证未来10年甚至更长的时间内保持领先,3GPP无线接入技术需要一个长期演进的过程来保证其竞争力。在这个背景下,3GPP成立了LTE计划,该计划目的是引入全新的空中接口和各种先进的技术,以便达到更大的传输速率、更小的接入时延和更大的系统容量。本文主要对3GLTE随机接入流程的三种方案进行分析,并进行仿真。     

The road to IMT-advanced communication systems: state-of-the- art and innovation areas addressed by the WINNER + project - [topics in radio communications]

Phases I and II of the WINNER project contributed to the development, integration, and assessment of new mobile network techniques from 2004 to 2007. Some of these techniques are now in the 3GPP LTE and IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) standards, while others are under consideration for LTE-Advanced and 802.16m. The WINNER+ project continues this forwardlooking work for IMT-advanced technologies and their evolution, with a particular focus on 3GPP LTE-Advanced. This article provides an overview of the WINNER system concept and several of its key innovative components.     

LTE协议栈RLC层数据重传的研究

针对3GPP最新发布的LTE标准,对LTE空中接口协议栈RLC子层AM传输模武中的数据重传过程进行了研究.介绍了LTE无线接入网空中接口协议栈的结构,详细阐述了空中接口协议栈中无线链路控制RLC子层确认AM数据传输模式的数据重传ARQ的设计方案,最后给出了在协议栈软件中AM传输模式的数据重传测试结果,得出设计方案是可行...     

Cost analysis and efficient radio bearer selection for multicasting over UMTS

Along with the widespread deployment of the Third Generation (3G) cellular networks, the fast‐improving capabilities of the mobile devices, content, and service providers are increasingly interested in supporting multicast communications over wireless networks and in particular over Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). To this direction, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is currently standardizing the Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) framework of UMTS. In this paper, we present an overview of the MBMS multicast mode of UMTS. We analytically present the multicast mode of the MBMS and analyze its performance in terms of packet delivery cost under various network topologies, cell types, and multicast users' distributions. Furthermore, for the evaluation of the scheme, we consider different transport channels for the transmission of the multicast data over the UMTS Terrestrial Radio‐Access Network (UTRAN) interfaces. Finally, we propose a scheme for the efficient radio bearer selection that minimizes total packet delivery cost. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

3GPPLTE系统安全性研究

长期演进（LTE）系统代表TUMTS标准的最新发展方向,作为一种纯分组系统,它具有全新的无线接口和体系结构,其频谱效率是HSDPA／HSUPA的2倍。本文分析了LTE系统安全的主要内容,提出TLTE用户安全的体系结构,描述TIP网络的NDS体系结构,介绍了隧道模式下的ESP保护原理。     

基于GPP的LTE上行链路并行策略研究

3GPP LTE系统需要支持很高的空口速率,这就对基带部分的信号处理时间提出了很高的要求。单线程的串行处理已经很难达到系统要求,需要引入并行化方法来实现高速的数据处理。在英特尔多核处理器上,针对LTE上行物理信道的特点,使用OpenMP并行化方法对上行数据进行了并行化处理,并通过测试比较,验证这种方法取得了很好的效果。     

3GPP LTE及其物理层技术综述

3GPP长期演进(LTE)项目是近几年来3GPP启动的最大的新技术研发项目,自2004年项目开始以来,已经取得了一系列重大进展,目前已经实现高数据率、低时延和基于全分组的设计目标.现介绍了LTE的项目计划及主要性能目标,并介绍了为了达到这一系列性能要求所采用的主要物理层技术.     

宽带移动通信发展的方向——LTE-Advanced

2008年6月确定了LTE-Advanced的需求,此后3GPP RAN工作组就一直致力于开发和评估它。LTE-Advanced初步研究工作在2010年3月结束,LTE Release 10工作组项目已经开始启动研究。主要总结了最近对LTE-Advanced标准化、性能和网络部署情况,最后还介绍了LTE与WiMax的关系,指引了宽带移动通信的发展方向。     

3GPP LTE: The Future of Mobile Broadband

The mobile broadband technologies are reaching a commonality in the air interface and networking architecture; they are being converged to an IP-based network architecture with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based air interface technology. From technical perspective, fundamental goal of mobile broadband is to offer higher data rates with reduced latency. The third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) presents the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) project in order to accommodate increasing mobile data usage and new multimedia applications. In the near future, with the recent progress made by technical specifications and vendor technology demonstrations LTE will emerge as successor to cellular systems as a broadband wireless solution. This paper provides an overview of 3GPP LTE including its history, features, technology, architecture and future. The technology components include OFDMA air-interface, Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna technology and higher order modulation. The architecture includes Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) components. This paper will concentrate to describe the main functions of the most important network elements. Also, the aim of this paper is to present the future potential of LTE which will make it an inevitable choice for wireless network operators around the globe.     

LTE-Advanced系统中载波聚合技术的安全研究

主要分析了LTE-Advanced系统中引入载波聚合技术带来的安全需求,并提出了解决方案。载波聚合技术是LTE-Advanced系统的一个关键技术,它的应用给系统安全带来了新的挑战。文章基于3GPP组织关于载波聚合技术制定的相关标准,对载波聚合技术进行了阐述和分析,根据LTE系统的安全实现方案提出了载波聚合场景下的安全解决方案。     

A Secure Relay-Assisted Handover Protocol for Proxy Mobile IPv6 in 3GPP LTE Systems

The LTE (Long Term Evolution) technologies defined by 3GPP is the last step toward the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologies designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile telephone networks. Mobility management for supporting seamless handover is the key issue for the next generation wireless communication networks. The evolved packet core (EPC) standard adopts the proxy mobile IPv6 protocol (PMIPv6) to provide the mobility mechanisms. However, the PMIPv6 still suffers the high handoff delay and the large packet lost. Our protocol provides a new secure handover protocol to reduce handoff delay and packet lost with the assistance of relay nodes over LTE networks. In this paper, we consider the security issue when selecting relay nodes during the handoff procedure. During the relay node discovery, we extend the access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) in 3GPP specifications to help mobile station or UE to obtain the information of relay nodes. With the aid of the relay nodes, the mobile station or UE performs the pre-handover procedure, including the security operation and the proxy binding update to significantly reduce the handover latency and packet loss. The simulation results illustrate that our proposed protocol actually achieves the performance improvements in the handoff delay time and the packet loss rate.