基于反射光强度检测的棱镜SPR传感器

提出一种基于Kretschmann结构的新型棱镜表面等离子体波共振(SPR)传感方法.基于常规SPR角度检测系统,固定入射光角度,检测不同待测液体介质所对应的光强反射率,实现对液体相关性质的检测.通过建立理论模型和数值模拟,考察棱镜基体类型、金属薄膜介电常数和厚度、入射光波长等参数对SPR光强反射率的影响,进而提出耦合系数η用以衡量SPR效应强弱和变化趋势.此检测方法可省去常规角度调制系统中精密角度旋转装置,无需实时调整光探测器接收角度,并可根据需要动态调整检测范围.     

分子印迹膜SPR传感器检测氯磺隆的方法

研究使用了中国科学院电子学研究所自行研制的高灵敏度单通道SPR分析仪和进样装置,仪器为棱镜耦合型SPR传感器结构,其检测角度范围是40°～70°,折射率检测范围为1.04～1.47,谐振角的精度在0.001°。适用于SPR分析仪的分子印迹芯片采用PVC-MIP共聚膜法制备,SPR角度扫描结果表明,200nm以下厚度芯片具有较好的SPR吸收特性。以氯磺隆为模板的分子印迹膜与不加氯磺隆的分子印迹膜对比实验发现前者具有特异性结合的能力。实验对浓度0.1,0.2,0.5和1μg/mL的氯磺隆进行了SPR定点检测,这四种浓度氯磺隆的折射率响应信号满足线性关系,相关系数R=0.996 4。实验中对低浓度的氯磺隆进行反复检测,检测到50ng/mL的氯磺隆,满足农残检测的要求。     

基于四棱镜结构的分布式 SPR传感器研究

设计了一种新型的基于四棱镜结构的分布式表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器,用数值模拟法讨论了金属膜种类、调制层厚度和折射率、棱镜结构参数对其性能的影响,得到了有用的结论。最后,提出了SPR分布式传感器的评价因子,为今后的分布式SPR传感器设计、制作和性能评价提供了有益的参考。     

基于谐波分析的相位型表面等离子体共振传感器

提出了一种利用电光调制和谐波分析的相位型表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器结构。和传统的相位型SPR传感系统相比,该系统结构采用一路光路并用软件实现相位提取和分析,简化了系统结构;P光、S光采用共光路的光路结构,可以有效抑制相位噪声;可以使用较低电压的调制电源。利用该系统对不同浓度酒精溶液进行了测量,取得了和理论预期相一致的结果。     

基于TeO_2晶体的声光可调谐滤波器消色散设计

声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)是一种新型的色散元件,被广泛应用到光谱成像领域,但由于其在调谐时,衍射角会随着波长的变化而变化,造成图像漂移。为了解决AOTF光谱相机晶体色散引起的图像漂移问题,采用了在晶体出射面外添加棱镜的方法。通过分析晶体旋光性对介质外衍射角的影响,比较发现当入射光极角很大时,必须考虑晶体的旋光性对介质外衍射角的影响,在此基础之上分析棱镜偏折角与棱镜顶角和材料的关系,当入射光极角为28°时,添加顶角为10.1°的棱镜可得到0.0007°的消色散偏差。由此说明,在光路中添加材料和顶角合适的棱镜,可以很好地消除AOTF光谱相机中晶体的色散。     

Wollaston棱镜对发散光束的分束特性分析

为了了解Wollaston棱镜用于发散光束时对出射o光束、e光束发散角的影响,利用折射定律对发散光束两边缘光线通过Wollaston棱镜后的o光、e光分束角进行了推导,采用控制变量法分析了发散光束经过Wollaston棱镜后出射的o光束和e光束的变化,得出了Wollaston棱镜对出射o光束、e光束发散角的影响。结果表明,相对入射光束的发散角,Wollaston棱镜对o光束有减小发散角的作用,对e光束有增大发散角的作用;对于一定结构角的棱镜,当入射光的波长变大时,o光束发散角增大,而e光束发散角减小;对于确定的单色发散光束,当结构角增大时,o光束发散角减小,而e光束发散角增大;无论是入射光的波长还是棱镜结构角的变化,对出射o光束、e光束发散角的影响都是有限的。由此可见,在要求不是太高的应用中,可以忽略Wollaston棱镜对出射o光束、e光束发散角的影响。     

别汉棱镜角度误差对光轴一致性影响的研究

在周视扫描成像系统中,需要通过特定光学元件进行消像旋。别汉棱镜是最常用的消像旋元件之一,由于棱镜的角度误差对系统光轴的影响较大,因此对别汉棱镜的角度误差要求非常严格。本文通过分析推导反射光线、折射光线以及三维坐标系旋转的矢量形式表达式,建立了别汉棱镜的角度误差模型,在此基础上分析了入射光轴经别汉棱镜折反射之后出射光轴的方向向量,并且基于Matlab实现了从别汉棱镜出射的光轴的方向向量及其相对于入射光轴偏差的计算。通过与光线追迹仿真结果和实验结果进行对比,验证了所建立模型以及分析计算过程的正确性,解释了在棱镜胶合过程中出现四个十字叉丝的问题,对棱镜的加工具有指导作用,同时提高了胶合效率和棱镜的光轴一致性精度。     

基于表面等离子体共振的光纤传感技术研究

提出一种基于棱镜型表面等离子体共振光强度调制的光纤传感新方法。基于理论模型,分析了棱镜的介电常数和介质的折射率对SPR传感器共振角的影响,在此基础上讨论了光强调制型SPR测量方法的可行性。该方法与已有的光强度调制型棱镜SPR传感方法相比具有测量方便和可长距离应用等优点。     

非同向互作用声光可调谐滤光器的立体角孔径

本文同时考虑了入射光极角方向的发散角⊿θ1和方位角方向的发散角⊿θ;,由此分析了非同向互作用声光可调谐滤光器的立体角孔径,并发现对应于同一超声离轴角θa,当光线入射角θ1取较小值时,立体角孔径近似为双曲线形,并且在四个方向上角孔径变得很大,表现出高度的各向异性。本文还考虑了超声离轴角θa对入射光角孔径的影响,发现当入射光的角孔径满足一定的条件以后,θa的改变对器件性能的影响不大。     

基于强度调制的光纤SPR系统的研究

光纤表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器是一种将光纤纤芯作为激发SPR效应基体的新型传感器.阐述了SPR效应及其强度调制原理.设计出一套基于共振光强度调制技术的光纤表面等离子体传感器系统,通过Labview直观的图形化界面对共振信号进行采集.利用此系统针对不同折射率的溶液进行测试,得到光强与折射率关系.     

聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

系统级封装新型埋入式电源滤波结构的研究

在高密度小尺寸的系统级封装(SiP)中,对供电系统的完整性要求越来越高,多芯片共用一个电源网路所产生的电压抖动除了会影响到芯片的正常工作,还会通过供电网路干扰到临近电路和其他敏感电路,导致芯片误动作,以及信号完整性和其他电磁干扰问题.这种电压抖动所占频带相当宽,几百MHz到几个GHz的中频电源噪声普通方法很难去除.结合埋入式电容和电源分割方法的特点,提出一种新型高性能埋入式电源低通滤波结构直接替代电源/地平面.研究表明,在0.65～4GHz的频带内隔离深度可达-40～75 dB,电源阻抗均在0.25ohm以下,实现了宽频高隔离度的高性能滤波作用.分别用电磁场和广义传输线两种仿真器模拟,高频等效电路模型分析这种低通滤波器的工作原理以及结构对隔离性能的影响,并进行了实验验证.     

Emerging interconnects: a state-of-the-art review and emerging solutions

Aluminium was a primary material for interconnection in integrated circuits (ICs) since their inception. Later, copper was introduced as interconnect material which has better metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration. As the aggressive technology scaling continues, the copper resistivity increased because of size effects, which causes increase in delay, power dissipation and electromigration. The need to reduce the resistor-capacitor??????? delay, dynamic power utilisation and the crosstalk commotion is as of now the fundamental main impetus behind the presentation of new materials. The purpose of this paper is to do a survey of interconnect material used in IC from introduction of ICs to till date. This paper studies and reviews new materials available for interconnect application which are optical interconnects, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and silicon nanowires which are alternatives to copper. While doing a survey of interconnect material, it is found that multiwalled CNTs, multilayer GNR and mixed CNT bundles are promising candidates and are ultimate choice that can strongly address the problems faced by copper but on integration basis copper would last for coming years.     

Arsenic deposition as a precursor layer on silicon (211) and (311) surfaces

We investigate the properties of arsenic (As) covered Si(211) and Si(311) surfaces by analyzing data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) images. We then create a model using total surface energy calculations. It was found that both Si(211) and Si(311) had 0.68±0.08 surface As coverage. Si(211) had 0.28±0.04 Te coverage and Si(311) had 0.24±0.04 Te coverage. The Si(211) surface replaces the terrace and trench Si atoms with As for a lower surface energy, while the Si edge atoms form dimers. The Si(311) surface replaces all terrace atoms and adsorbs an As dimer every other edge site. These configurations imply an improvement in the mean migration path from the bare silicon surface by allowing the impinging atoms for the next epitaxial layer, tellurium (Te), to bind at every other pair of edge atoms, and not the step terrace sites. This would ensure a nonpolar, B-face growth.     

光子晶体微腔发光二极管

光子晶体微腔因其具有增强自发辐射、定向输出和单模工作的能力而受到广泛关注。介绍了光子晶体微腔发光二极管的基本原理、设计、特性、制作及其典型器件。     

用于单光子TOF测量的时间-幅度变换器

基于新型共源共栅电流源的积分方法,设计了一种用于单光子飞行时间(TOF)测量的时间-幅度变换器(TAC)。该方法有效简化了TAC电路结构,减小了TAC占用面积,显著提高了TOF的满量程范围(FSR)。采用0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺设计。集成TAC的单光子探测器像素单元的填充因子可达到26.8%。后仿真结果表明,该TAC在120 ns的FSR内具有230 ps的定时分辨率,微分非线性(DNL)低于0.05 LSB,积分非线性(INL)低于1.1 LSB。蒙特卡洛仿真表明,512个TAC像素间的不均匀性低于0.5 %。该TAC非常适用于高密度时间相关的单光子计数(TCSPC)探测器阵列。     

Comparative study of maximum power point tracking techniques for hybrid renewable energy system

The power generation demand is increasing day-by-day throughout the world, therefore, the use of hybrid systems becomes a significant solution. The hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is used for delivering power in various regions in order to overcome intermittence of wind and solar resources. Because of increasing environmental problems, for example, greenhouse gas emission and energy cost have interested novel research into substitute methods in favour of electrical power generation. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control method is a vast deal of novel research used for enhancing the efficiency of HRES. The authors have revealed that the hybrid techniques i.e. Global MPPT, fuzzy-neuro systems, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Perturbed and Observe (P&O) + Adaptive Neural Network (ANN) etc. can provide best results as compared to other MPPT control methods. This paper offering a state of art review of MPPT control techniques for HRES.     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

一种基于分段CRC的LDPC译码的改进算法

级联多个循环冗余校验(CRC)的LDPC译码算法有效地改善了译码的收敛特性。然而在其译码算法中,当CRC检测的整体漏检概率不够低时,出现误码平台。因此,该文提出了改进算法,通过减少在译码算法中CRC检测的次数,降低整体漏检概率,提高了误码性能。仿真表明改进的算法提高了误码性能,译码复杂度也增加不大。     

多孔硅发光机制的分析

从量子力学的基本理论出发讨论了量子限制效应，推导出多孔硅有效禁带宽度增量并用量子限制效应和表面态及其物质在发光中作用的理论解释了ＰＳ光致发光的实验现象。