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1.
针对大气背景是一个纵深背景而非一个平面,无法使用现有对比度计算公式计算的实际,基于红外焦平面探测器工作原理推导出了大气背景下探测器处辐射照度的对比度计算公式。通过对大气背景的红外辐射计算,并与报道的飞机红外辐射数据比较,应用对比度计算公式做分析可知:大气背景对探测的影响是必须考虑的;在3~5m大气窗口的大气背景辐射很小,选择3~5m大气窗口探测更容易发现目标;在8~12m大气窗口内10m附近的大气背景辐射较强,目标不易被探测。随着探测距离增加,探测器到无限远处的大气背景辐射亮度与探测器和目标之间的大气背景辐射亮度之差在减小,它会增大对比度,这是分析探测距离不可忽视的一个因素。  相似文献   

2.
高层大气环境对长波红外背景辐射特性的影响分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
戴聪明  陈秀红  魏合理 《红外》2012,33(9):15-21
高层大气长波红外背景辐射特性是目标识别和红外辐射特性测量的重要研究课题.根据NRLMSIS-00大气经验模型,分析了高层大气温度和气体浓度对红外辐射的影响.利用高层大气辐射传输模式SHARC,在6~15 μm波段对不同观测位置和大气模式条件下的高层大气背景辐射进行了数值计算和理论分析.结果表明,高层大气长波红外辐射会随临边切线高度的增加而减弱,随倾斜观测天顶角的增加而增强,随太阳天顶角的增加而减弱.曙暮光和极光对高层大气长波红外辐射具有重要的增强作用,而且高层大气长波红外辐射存在纬度和季节变化特性.高层大气环境对长波红外背景辐射的影响分析结果可供空间目标探测和卫星红外遥感等工程参考.  相似文献   

3.
基于先进的临边探测方式,利用成熟的辐射传输模式MODTRAN 4,对中红外2~5μm大气临边辐射的光谱特性和垂直分布特征进行模拟,并针对不同大气/气象条件以及太阳/探测器位置,对临边辐射垂直分布的敏感性进行了模拟和分析,给出了有意义的结果.  相似文献   

4.
基于先进的临边探测方式,利用成熟的辐射传输模式MODTRAN 4,对中红外2~5 μm大气临边辐射的光谱特性和垂直分布特征进行模拟,并针对不同大气/气象条件以及太阳/探测器位置,对临边辐射垂直分布的敏感性进行了模拟和分析,给出了有意义的结果.  相似文献   

5.
基于先进的临边探测方式,利用成熟的辐射传输模式MODTRAN4,对中红外2-5μm大气临边辐射的光谱特性和垂直分布特征进行模拟,并针对不同大气/气象条件以及太阳/探测器位置,对临边辐射垂直分布的敏感性进行了模拟和分析,给出了有意义的结果。  相似文献   

6.
推导了星载红外探测在地面、大气双背景下探测器处的辐射照度对比度计算公式,计算了目标在不同温度、不同高度的目标与背景的绝对对比度和相对对比度。分析指出:随着目标温度、高度增加,在波长大于2.5 m 区域绝对对比度与相对对比度相应增大,目标高度越高,同等距离下对比度随目标高度的变化越小;波长小于2.5 m 需考虑太阳的影响;当目标在0 km 高度时,2.9~4.1 m 波段为最佳探测波段,随着目标高度的增加,可用探测波段范围增大,峰值波长向短波方向微移,当目标高度大于10 km 时,相对对比度峰值在2.6~2.8 m 之间;距离地面越近,大气对红外辐射的衰减越大。  相似文献   

7.
基于MODTRAN的红外系统对巡航导弹探测距离的估算   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
马鹤  吴平  孙文芳 《红外》2013,34(3):26-31
基于最小可分辨对比度准则,研究了在考虑背景环境下机载红外成像系统对目标最大探测距离的计算方法.分析了红外目标在3~5μm与8~12μm两个波段上的红外辐射特征和背景辐射、大气透过率等因素对探测距离的影响,给出了探测距离的推导公式.最后用MODTRAN软件对大气透过率进行了模拟计算,得到了波数间隔为1cm-的光谱大气透过率数据.计算了各微小波长区间内辐射到探测器上的辐照度.考虑到大气透过率与距离的关系,取消了传统算法中用常数或者拟合函数来代替大气透过率的方法.以巡航导弹为例,对红外系统探测距离进行了数值计算.仿真结果表明,该计算方法具有可行性.  相似文献   

8.
针对采用各种隐身技术的红外目标与周围背景之间的辐射差异不明显,导致探测困难这一问题,利用目标和背景在窄波带内的辐射特征具有较大差异这一特性,建立了基于红外光谱探测的谱带内红外辐射对比度的研究。通过对红外辐射相对对比度以及绝对对比度的分析,综合大气条件在整个传输过程中的影响,结合理论计算以及实验分析确定出用于红外隐身目标探测的最优谱带为2.86~3.30m和4.17~4.55m两个窄波带。实验结果表明:在所选取的用于谱带探测的窄波带能够很好的消除背景红外辐射的影响,以此突出目标辐射,具有良好的可探测性。  相似文献   

9.
典型大气条件下的目标—背景对比度的计算分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王毅  范伟  饶瑞中 《激光与红外》2004,34(5):375-378
大气中目标—背景对比度是进行目标探测识别的一个重要参量,本文从辐射传输理论 出发,利用辐射传输软件包MODTRAN ,计算了具体大气状况下的目标—背景对比度,并且计算了典型大气条件下可见光到红外波段上( 0. 4~14μm) 的目标—背景对比度,分析了目标背景对比度对波长的依赖关系。  相似文献   

10.
弱小目标可见光传感器成像特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了复杂背景下弱小目标在可见光CCD卫星传感器上的成像机理问题。弱小目标不易被卫星CCD传感器探测到,易被强大的噪声淹没,给检测提取带来了巨大的困难。从影响弱小目标成像的弥散因素入手,定量分析了大气、光学系统、探测器和传感器的振动等弥散因素对弱小目标的成像尺寸和成像强度的影响。在弥散成像的范围内,推导出了弱小目标与背景的对比度传输系数公式。通过航空试验进行了模拟验证,为其准确检测提取提供理论指导。  相似文献   

11.
DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.  相似文献   

12.
This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel's.  相似文献   

13.
The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.  相似文献   

14.
Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.  相似文献   

15.
The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.  相似文献   

16.
From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.  相似文献   

17.
Waveguide multilayer optical card (WMOC) is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling & processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic (VB) language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.  相似文献   

18.
It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.  相似文献   

19.
In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal (200) (2d = 0.4027 nm) is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line(w), the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line(x), the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines(y), the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line(z) in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line(q) in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution(λ/△ 2) is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.  相似文献   

20.
High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET > PDMAT > TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.  相似文献   

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