TiO2光阳极染料敏化太阳能电池的研究进展

通过介绍染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,简称DSSC)的研究背景,指出了DSSC的研究意义。从光阳极、染料敏化剂、电解质和对电极等基本构成要素方面综述了DSSC的研究现状,并展望了其未来的发展方向。     

太阳能电池染料敏化剂研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)是一种成本低廉、制作简单和环境友好新型能源电池,自问世便成为可再生能源研究领域的一个热点。其中染料敏化剂性能的决定了DSSC的整体性能。本文依据染料结构特征将其分类介绍,并讨论了各种敏化剂光电转化效率、优缺点及发展方向。     

染料敏化太阳能电池TiO2薄膜电极的染料吸附性能研究

采用手工刮涂法制备了染料敏化太阳能电池( DSSC)的TiO2薄膜电极,用解吸的方法和正交试验研究了DSSC电池TiO2薄膜电极的染料吸附性能,并结合统计分析方法对染料吸附试验数据进行了分析处理.研究结果表明TiO2薄膜电极具有最优染料吸附性能的烧结条件为:以2℃/min的速率升温至450℃,保温50 min后随炉冷却...     

一种柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的初步研究

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)与商用硅电池相比,由于具有转化效率较高、制作成本低等一系列优点,近年来已受到人们的广泛关注.简要介绍了DSSC太阳能电池的结构和基本原理,重点分析了DSSC太阳能电池的关键组成和影响光电转化效率的因素.采用胶带涂覆法在柔性ITO衬底上制备了多孔纳米TiO2薄膜,通过给其配置相应的染料和电解...     

染料敏化太阳电池染料协同敏化及其吸附机理

提取了菠菜、藏红花、金银花、雪菊、山楂5种光谱吸收区间不同的植物染料,根据光谱吸收互补性的原则以不同类型、不同比例进行了混合,用于染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC)光阳极的协同敏化,测定了各种染料、染料与TiO_2吸附后的UV-vis吸收光谱及不同染料敏化后的DSSC光电性能。实验结果表明:光谱吸收区间不同的染料混合后能有效拓宽光谱吸收范围和峰值吸光度,5种染料以相应比例协同敏化后的电池性能最佳,与单一染料敏化性能中最好的菠菜敏化电池相比,开路电压提升0.023 V,短路电流提升0.342 mA·cm~(-2),光电转换效率提升0.94%(相比提升2.68倍)。最后从染料的有效色素类型与TiO_2薄膜之间的吸附机理入手解释了造成几种染料电池光电性能差异的原因,从而提出了混合染料协同敏化DSSC应遵循的几项基本原则。     

光阳极的前后处理对DSSC性能的影响

为抑制染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)光生电子的背反应,分别利用钛酸四丁酯(TBT)和TiCl4制备了两种TiO2溶胶对DSSC光阳极导电玻璃进行前处理,另外,以TBT制备的TiO2溶胶对光阳极TiO2薄膜进行了后处理。在AM1.5和暗环境下分别考察了前后处理对DSSC性能的影响。结果表明,光阳极的前后处理均有效提高了DSSC的光电转换效率,其中以采用TBT制备的TiO2溶胶进行前处理时的效果最佳;DSSC的光电转换效率随后处理次数的增加而增大;后处理3次时,DSSC的光电转换效率达到5.98%。     

纳米技术在太阳电池中的应用进展

综述了纳米技术在太阳电池中的应用及研究进展,包括染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC)、硅纳米太阳电池以及近年来成为研究热点的碳纳米管太阳电池等。分别针对二维硅纳米薄膜和一维硅纳米线在太阳电池中的应用,以及碳纳米管用于无机太阳电池、有机太阳电池和染料敏化太阳电池的研究进展进行了系统的阐述。通过分析发现,纳米技术的引入为传统太阳电池高成本和低光电转换率的瓶颈问题提供了很好的解决途径,并进一步提出利用纳米技术实现高效太阳电池转化效率的新思路。     

中国科研院所承担染料敏化太阳能电池工业化

11月4日,3家中国科研院所与染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)生产商G24 Innovations(G24i)正式签约,承担该技术的工业开发及业务扩展。这3家科研院所分别为:天津的国家纳米     

TiO_2纳米管阵列对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

通过恒压阳极氧化法在Ti箔表面制备了结构规整的TiO2纳米管阵列,研究了氧化时间和退火温度对纳米管阵列的尺寸和晶体结构的影响。用制得的纳米管阵列电极组装了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC),研究了纳米管长度、退火温度和电极面积对DSSC光电性能的影响。结果表明,纳米管管径和壁厚均与氧化时间无关,而纳米管长度则随着氧化时间延长而增加。在450℃及更低温度退火时,纳米管中只出现锐钛矿相;而在500℃退火时,纳米管中则又出现了金红石相。由厚度为27μm、退火温度为450℃的纳米管阵列电极组装成的DSCC具有最佳的光电转化性能。DSCC的光电转化效率随电极面积的增加而降低。     

TiO_2纳米管柔性光阳极制备及其光电性能

采用电化学阳极氧化法在钛箔表面制备了TiO2纳米管阵列膜层,形成TiO2纳米管柔性光阳极并应用于染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC)。用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及紫外可见光谱仪对纳米管阵列的物相、微观形貌及光学性能进行表征,探讨了阳极氧化时间和TiCl4处理对TiO2纳米管光阳极组装DSSC光电性能的影响。结果表明,500℃热处理后,出现明显的锐钛矿型TiO2的特征峰,且TiO2纳米管阵列垂直取向、排列紧密,长度约为23.17μm,其吸光度比TiO2纳米颗粒薄膜高;与未经TiCl4处理相比,经TiCl4处理的氧化时间为9 h的TiO2纳米管组装DSSC的光电转换效率提高了5.80%,其开路电压为0.76 V,短路电流密度为6.92 mA·cm-2,填充因子为0.45,光电转换效率达到2.37%。     

Application of non-covalent functionalized carbon nanotubes for the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized noncovalently by lysozyme (LZ), cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), deoxycholate sodium (NaDC) and polyethylene glycol octylphenol ether (Triton X-100), respectively in this study. Four different kinds of functionalized MWCNTs were employed into dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) as the Pt-free counter electrode (CE). The correlation between the dispersion of MWCNTs and electrochemical active area of CE and the photovoltaic characteristic of DSSC were investigated. Among these four DSSCs, the one with Triton X-100 functionalized MWCNTs showed the best energy conversion efficiency of 2.69% which is 11.16% higher than the DSSC using pristine MWCNTs CE (2.42%), yet the efficiency is lower than the DSSC using Pt CE. While the DSSC with CPC, NaDC and LZ functionalized MWCNTs as the CE showed inferior the photovoltaic conversion efficiency than the DSSC using pristine MWCNTs CE. On analysis of the photovoltaic performance of DSSC and the dispersion of MWCNTs and electrochemical active area of CE, it is found that the high efficiency of the DSSC is associated with the good dispersion of MWCNTs and large electrochemical active area of the counter electrode material.     

Studies of high-efficient and low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a new type of photoelectric device. To commercialize DSSC successfully, it is necessary to further improve the efficiency of energy conversion and reduce its cost. Nitrogen-doped (N-doped) TiO2 photoanode, the carbon counter electrode (CE), and a new type of hybrid photoanode were investigated in this study. The conversion efficiency of the DSSC reached by 10.10% as the DSSC was fabricated with the N-doped photoanode, and this efficiency is much higher than that of the undoped-DSSC with 8.90%; as the low-cost carbon was used as CE, the efficiency of the DSSC was 7.50%, it was as samilar as that of Pt CE (7.47%); the hybrid DSSC with multilayer photoanode by the film-transfer technique achieved a panchromatic response and a superposed short circuit current density (Jsc) by using two complementary dyes.     

CuAlO2 powder dispersed in composite gel electrolyte for application in quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells

The use of delafossite CuAlO₂ (CAO) powder as an additive in composite gel electrolyte (CGE) of the quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is first reported. In order to achieve an improvement of power conversion and long-term performance of the quasi-solid state DSSC, different contents of CAO powder containing in CGE, a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG), iodide/tri-iodide (I⁻/I₃⁻) liquid electrolyte (LE) and 4-tertbutylpyridine (4-tBP), were used in the present study. The photocurrent density–voltage characteristic (J–V curve) and photovoltaic performance parameters of the cells, such as the short-circuit current density (J_sc), open-circuit voltage (V_oc), power conversion efficiency (η) and fill factor (FF) were investigated. The CGE containing the dispersed CAO powder exhibited high ionic conductivity due to the charge diffusion through free channels. The power conversion efficiency of the quasi-solid state DSSC was significantly improved by adding CAO powder to the CGE. The optimum CAO powder content in the CGE was 0.05 wt%. In this research, the power conversion efficiency was 1.71 times of the LE and 2.85 times of the CGE with no CAO powder adding. The quasi-solid state DSSC based on the addition of CAO powder to CGE had long-term stability better than the normal DSSC based on the LE.     

染料敏化太阳电池的光阳极制备及其性能优化

详细讨论了染料敏化太阳电池二氧化钛纳米粒子、丝网印刷胶体、二氧化钛电极、对电极、电解质的制备方法,得到最优化的TiO2纳米晶电极的厚度为12μm左右。通过改善电极染料吸附量、纳米晶颗粒间的电接触性能以及电极对可见光的透射和反射能力,电池的光电性能得到显著提高。     

Succinonitrile‐based solid‐state electrolytes for dye‐sensitised solar cells

Succinonitrile (SCN), a solid ion conductor (10⁻⁴ to 10⁻³ S/cm) in solid form at room temperature, is mixed with either 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐propylimidazoliuum iodide or 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide ionic liquids for forming a solid plastic phase electrolyte for use in dye‐sensitised solar cell (DSSC). Cells containing these two electrolytes showed best energy conversion efficiencies of 6.3% and 5.6%, respectively. The commonly used DSSC electrolyte additives inhibit the formation of the SCN plastic phase. However, for the first time, an SCN‐additive (additive = guanidinium thiocyanate) electrolyte composition is reported here, which remains as a solid at room temperatures. By using these new solid electrolytes, a simple and rapid single‐step filling procedure for making solid‐state DSSC is outlined. This process, which reduces the required manufacturing steps from four to one, is most suitable for continuous, high‐throughput, commercial DSSC manufacturing lines. These new electrolytes have been tested under low incident light levels (200 lx) to investigate their suitability for indoor DSSC applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Highly efficient all solid state dye-sensitized solar cells by the specific interaction of CuI with NCS groups II. Enhancement of the photovoltaic characteristics

Highly efficient all solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were fabricated by the specific interaction of CuI with the NCS groups of the dye molecules and that of the counter electrodes. The counter electrodes were prepared by blending nano size carbon in the PEDOT:PSS dispersion. The counter electrodes were covered with the solution containing guanidine thiocyanate, and heated to give the electrode with larger number of NCS groups. Electrostatic adsorption between PEDOT:PSS and guanidine was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). DSSC were prepared by connecting the NCS groups of the dye molecule with those of the counter electrode with large surface area. The performances of the resulting DSSC were improved dramatically by the increase of the NCS groups on the counter electrode. It is noteworthy that the performances of the cell were higher than that of the cells prepared by the conventional liquid electrolyte. The highly efficient all solid state DSSC are manufactured with inexpensive and low quality materials, and the practical use is promising.     

Fabrication of grid type dye sensitized solar modules with 7% conversion efficiency by utilizing commercially available materials

A process to fabricate a parallel connection dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) module has been developed using commercially available materials and screen printed silver grid. The process is not only simple but also easy to manipulate and therefore facilitates researchers in evaluating new materials in a module platform. By changing the design of the silver grid pattern, it was found that the performance of DSSC modules can be controlled. With the silver grid, DSSC modules have shown that a 7% conversion efficiency can be reached. Modules fabricated by this process, but with a non‐volatile electrolyte system, passed a 60 °C, 1000 h thermal aging test. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Charge interaction and interfacial electronic structures in a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell

Fully solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has attracted much recent attention. While the origins of the lower performance in DSSC using solid electrolyte are not fully understood, there is so far no report on their interfacial electronic structures. Here, we report the charge exchange and interfacial energetics in a standard solid-state DSSC with a structure of FTO/TiO₂/cis-disothiocyanato-bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato) ruthenium(II) bis-(tetrabutylammonium) (N179 dye)/2,2,7,7-tetrakis-(N,N-di-pmethoxyphenyl-amine) 9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). While the electron-extracting barrier at TiO₂/N719 interface is negligibly small (0.19 eV); the abrupt vacuum levels (VLs) offsets at N719/spiro-OMeTAD interfaces results in large hole-extracting barrier of 0.43 eV. Our results suggest an electronic mismatch in charge collection using spiro-OMeTAD as the hole-conducting material.