Flat-panel displays displace large, heavy, power-hungry CRTs

Personal computers, cars, and aircraft are major growing markets for liquid-crystal, electroluminescent, plasma, and vacuum fluorescent displays. However, the displays themselves are limited by technology. It is difficult to make them large enough, with high enough resolution, and with as many shades of color and gray as desired over a wide enough environmental operating range at a cost supportable in the marketplace. The status and future direction of display technologies are examined. The struggle to lower liquid-crystal display (LCD) cost and the promise of LCD projection systems are discussed     

Display-device research and development in Japan

Current work on display devices in Japan is surveyed. Work on plasma display panels includes several methods for producing gray scale on ac-driven bistable panels, a technique for moving the display on an ac-driven panel, and new types of plasma display panels. Development on several types of alphanumeric displays, including both new and older types, is summarized. Work on light-emitting diodes includes new fabrication techniques and new types of devices. The liquid-crystal work described includes addressing techniques, color modulators, and light-addressed light valves. A new cathodochromic display tube, a high-frequency oscilloscope tube, and an electroluminescent display panel are mentioned.     

面临挑战的显示制造业

当前用于制作便携式显示器的STN-LCD和a-Si制造工艺，面对提高分辨率、增强色阶以及加快响应时间等方面的需求，将如何发展？     

Review of the properties of up-conversion phosphors for new emissive displays

In this paper, we review the properties of up-conversion (UC) materials and assess their potential for a new display technology. UC materials absorb near infrared light and re-emit in the visible. Some of their most appealing characteristics for displays are: a wide color gamut with very saturated colors, very high brightness operation without damage to the emitters, long lifetimes and efficiencies comparable to those of existing technologies. Other advantages include simplicity of fabrication, versatility of operation modes, and the potential for greatly reduced display weight and depth.     

Single-Technology-Based Statistical Calibration for High-Performance Active-Matrix Organic LED Displays

Active-matrix organic light-emitting-diode (AMOLED) displays based on amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are the state of the art in display technology, owing to the feasilibility of low-cost fabrication and accessability to well-established TFT-LCD fabrication. While the a-Si:H TFT offers excellent matching of device properties over large areas, it suffers from a gate-bias-dependent threshold voltage shift in time, leading to grayscale inaccuracies. In order to counter this problem, many compensation circuits have been designed. The purpose of the compensation circuit is to estimate the threshold voltage shift in driver TFTs and apply a correction so as to maintain a constant brightness. However, all of the compensation circuits designed to date suffer from low spatial and temporal resolution and reliability issues or high cost due to the use of custom-made CMOS technology. In this paper, we focus on building AMOLED display systems solely based on a-Si:H TFT technology along with the use of off-the-shelf CMOS components to lower costs. Furthermore, we achieve high spatial and temporal resolution and high yield with the use of a two-TFT voltage programmed pixel circuit along with a statistical based external calibration circuit.     

Metal Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Devices: Promising Technology for Next‐Generation Displays

As the requirements and expectation for displays in society are growing, higher standards of the display technology are proposed, including wider color gamut, higher color purity, and higher resolution. The recent emergence of light‐emitting halide perovskites has come with numerous advantages, such as high charge‐carrier mobility, tunable emission wavelength, narrow emission linewidth, and intrinsically high photoluminescence quantum yield. Recent advancement of perovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) as a promising technology for next‐generation displays is reviewed. Here, how the attractive optical and electrical properties of perovskite materials can be translated into high PeLED performance are discussed, and working mechanisms and optimization approaches of both perovskite materials and the respective devices are analyzed. On the material side this includes the control of size and composition of perovskites grains and nanocrystals, surface and interface passivation, doping and alloying, while on the device side this includes the interfacial engineering and energy level adjustments, and photon emission enhancement. Several challenges such as performance of blue PeLEDs, the environmental and operational stability of PeLEDs, and the toxicity issues of lead halide perovskites are discussed, and perspectives on future developments of perovskite materials and PeLEDs for the display technology are offered.     

黑白模块的彩色化应用

传统的彩屛显示器主要是透过彩色滤光片来达到彩色化的显示,矽创的Palette DriverIC的驱动方式将打破这个传统,由Palette Driver驱动的黑白TN模块只需搭配RGB三原色背光即可达到彩色化显示,不需彩色滤光片,所以可以降低材料成本及生产成本。另外由于无彩色滤光片,将可大幅提高背光源之光利用效率、降低背光耗电量。所以Palette Driver显示器具备了低功耗、低成本的优势。     

高分辨率彩色LCoS头盔显示器电路系统的设计与实现

介绍了分辨率为1024×768,子场刷新频率为180Hz的硅基液晶(LCoS)彩色头盔显示器电路的总体设计,并详细阐述了其中关键模块的设计与实现.使用高速SDRAM替换SRAM作为帧存储器,为高分辨率显示提供了足够的容量和带宽;借助基于FPGA的高速低压差分信号(LVDS)数据传输成功实现了系统的模块化设计,有效地减轻了头盔显示器的重量,将放人头盔的PCB面积减少到46 mm×56 mm.经对样机进行测试,结果表明,系统工作稳定可靠,能够实现高分辨率彩色图像的实时显示,而且图像清晰.     

Evolution of spatial light modulator for high‐definition digital holography

Since the late 20th century, there has been rapid development in the display industry. Only 30 years ago, we used big cathode ray tube displays with poor resolution, but now most people use televisions or smartphones with very high‐quality displays. People now want images that are more realistic, beyond the two‐dimensional images that exist on the flat screen, and digital holography—one of the next‐generation displays—is expected to meet that need. The most important parameter that determines the performance of a digital hologram is the pixel pitch. The smaller the pixel pitch, the higher the level of hologram implementation possible. In this study, we fabricated the world‐smallest 3‐μm‐pixel‐pitch holographic backplane based on the spatial light modulator technology. This panel could display images with a viewing angle of more than 10°. Furthermore, a comparative study was conducted on the fabrication processes and the corresponding holographic results from the large to the small pixel‐pitch panels.     

新型高发光效率等离子体显示技术

对PDP面临的技术瓶颈和发光效率进行了分析,重点介绍了基于纳米多孔多晶硅电子源的新型高发光效率PDP显示技术,简要讨论了无放电气体激发发光技术对PDP未来发展可能产生的影响。     

浅议激光显示技术及其进展

当前主流的液晶显示器(LCD)、等离子显示器(PDP)以及有机发光显示器(OLED)等都存在着色彩重现能力低的问题,无法满足真正的数字高清显示的要求,而激光显示器有着目前主流显示器无法比拟的优点,有可能是未来显示技术的主流.文章详细介绍了激光显示技术的原理、特点、国内外激光显示技术的进展以及存在的问题等,最后指出激光显示器可能引领显示技术的第四次革命.     

The flat panel's future

The development of active-matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) to overcome the limitations of passive LCDs is reviewed. The decision of video graphics adapter (VGA) versions of these displays, the market for these displays, and the companies involved in producing them are discussed. Two alternatives to AMLCDs, one involving a method for driving passive LCDs that would give them most of the benefits of active-matrix displays and the other involving standard passive-matrix color LCDs, are also discussed. The possibility of transferring LCD technology to the high-definition television (HDTV) market and the most likely candidate for that market, plasma display panels (PDPs), are examined     

场发射彩色平板显示器

本文介绍了真空微电子场发射阵列的结构，特性和制造工艺，并提供了四种实用的场发射彩色平板显示器结构。     

Evolution of flat-panel displays

The evolution in performance and manufacturability of liquid-crystal displays has created a new reality in the electronic information displays industry. LCD's now outnumber all other flat-panel displays in production volume, by more than two orders of magnitude. LCD's may equal CRT's in market sales by the year 2000. However, LCD's are still an order of magnitude more expensive than comparable performing CRT's. LCD's are enabling new products, such as personal digital assistants, moving map navigators, picture telephones, etc., which could not he readily done with CRTs because of their size and sensitivity to ambient illuminations. The LCD technology in various modes, from passive twisted nematic to active matrix, is being used in all product sizes, from the 0.7-in camcorder viewfinder to the 14-in full-color display with XGA resolution. Full color is very important in future products and any flat-panel display technology without it will be relegated to niche markets     

VGA级大屏幕印刷型FED视频显示系统的研制

论述印刷型场致发射显示器驱动系统的工作原理,介绍了采用DVI、VGA视频接口技术、专用集成图像灰度调制和集成扫描电路接口技术以及FPGA控制等技术研制出了能驱动显示VGA分辨率的印刷型FED视频显示系统。该系统能显示各种彩色视频图像,图像亮度已达400cd/m2、对比度达1 000:1,电路灰度等级达256级,有效显示对角线尺寸为635 mm(25 in)。     

白光有机发光器件研究及进展

有机电致发光技术被认为是可能替代液晶的新一代显示技术，白光有机发光器件由于可应用于液晶显示的背光源、普通照明、特殊光源以及实现全彩色有机发光显示而倍受瞩目。本文对白光有机电致发光器件的结构、工作原理等进行了简单的概述并总结了白光有机发光器件的最新进展。     

Color plasma displays

After decades of research and development, plasma displays are finally beginning to appear in the commercial and consumer markets. Following a short review on the basic principles of direct and alternating current plasma displays, we present a summary of the status of color plasma displays. Plasma display panels (PDPs) have finally achieved luminance and efficiency values on par with hi-definition cathode ray tube monitors. Additional improvements in performance will open up a new world of large PDP displays. Ultimately, what will drive the PDP market will be continued improvements in the performance of color PDPs themselves. PDP makers are working on reducing power consumption through improved luminous efficiency and improved component materials and manufacturing methods of color PDPs. With improvements in the cell structure and driving methods, there is a good prospect of achieving a luminous efficiency of 2-3 lm/W and a power consumption of about 200 W for 50-in diagonal size     

The effect of different bonding temperatures on the mechanical and electrical performance of NCF-bonded flip-chip-on-flex packages

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are the technology involved in electronic displays in order to get a better viewing angle and high-density resolution products. Fine-pitch, flip-chip interconnection is one method which is able to enhance the display performance with high color resolution. Nonconducting film (NCF) is a novel material developed for fine-pitch applications. This study investigates the temperature effect on the electrical contact performance of an NCF-bonded chip-on-flexible (COF) substrate package. The changes in contact resistance after reflow at a peak temperature of 260/spl deg/C for three times were measured with a four-point probe method. The bonding temperature has a significant effect on the peel strength of the NCF-bonded COF. A high peel strength for the NCF COF bonded at a high temperature indicated that the NCF obtained sufficient mechanical strength to hold the interconnection joints. A low bonding temperature is preferable to obtain good electrical contact, but sufficient high temperature is needed to ensure a good mechanical and reliable joint. An excessively high bonding temperature is to be avoided because it gives instant curing at the contact point which restricts good electrical conduction. An NCF with a curing degree of /spl sim/86% was needed to ensure sufficient and reliable electrical joints in the COF.     

A Low Power, Scalable, DAC Architecture for Liquid Crystal Display Drivers

The proliferation of portable electronic products such as cellular telephones and personal digital assistants has created a high demand for small format liquid crystal displays (LCD) with increasing bit resolution. The electronic drivers for these display applications must adhere to stringent power and area budgets. This paper describes a low-power, area efficient, scalable, digital-analog conversion (DAC) integrated circuit architecture optimized for driving small format LCDs. A 12 channel, 9-bit DAC driver based on this architecture, implemented in 0.5 $mu$ m CMOS technology and suitable for 1/4 VGA resolution displays, exhibited a 2 MSPS conversion rate, 252 $muhbox{W}$ power dissipation per channel using a 5 V supply, and a per DAC die area of 0.042 $hbox{mm}^{2}$. This performance sets a new standard for DAC display drivers in joules per bit areal density at less than 0.58 pJ per bit per $hbox{mm}^{2}$ .      

Direct-view three-dimensional display tube

The three-dimensional display tube is a novel type of cathode-ray tube that directly displays volumetric analog information. In contrast to other presentations in which the third dimension is simulated stereoscopically or with color, this device displays the information in actual space. The three-dimensional display tube utilizes a phosphor coated disc spinning at 900 rpm within an evacuated sphere. Upon excitation by a cathode-ray beam at selected times, any point in the volume "swept out" by the rotating disc may be illuminated at 30 cps. The result is true volumetric analog display, which is visible without any special viewing position or glasses. Thus, minimum observer fatigue and equal display resolution in depth are possible as compared with existing stereoscopic three-dimensional displays. Different color phosphors on either side of the disc and appropriate cathode-ray beam gating provide a simple means of two color display. Also, special deflection scans that are compatible with particular display requirements can result in a display equal in brightness and quality to commercial television display. Some typical applications as well as the technical aspects of this type of display such as brightness, data storage requirements, and feed circuit bandwidths are discussed. Compatibility with normal observer vision and ease of determining target intersections within the display volume are important properties of this type of display.