用于毫米波焦面阵成像的小F数透镜焦区矢量衍射场分析

采用射线追迹法和Stratton-Chu衍射积分公式研究透镜像空间的矢量衍射场，说明了决定衍射场分布样式的口径场相位分布的确定方法，对双曲面透镜给出了不同入射倾角时的焦区场功率分布，计算结果与实验吻合，并考察了焦区场的矢量特性，计算与实验在毫米波频段完成。     

用矢量球面波理论和互易原理分析伦伯透镜天线

伦伯透镜是一种球形分层介质天线，考虑到数值计算的复杂性，本文提出用矢量球面波理论和互易原理相结合，分析其性能。该方法首先用矢量球面波理论计算平面波入射到多层介质球的散射场，在此基础上，用互易原理将散射场转变成天线的远区辐射场。基于这种方法，木文着重研究了伦伯透镜天线的焦区场和远区场特性，包括透镜分层总数以及层与层之间存在的空气间隙对实际应用可能造成的影响。最后。对卫星通信中伦伯透镜天线多波束应用的可行性给出了分析结果。     

费涅尔透镜焦区场：—谱域法与物理光学的比较

本文分别采用传统的物理光学法（PO）和全波分析的谱域技术（SDT），分析了费涅尔区板（FZP）透镜的焦区场分布。SDT法的计算结果与文献的实验结果一致，通过对PO与SDT两种方法的数值结果比较可知，对单层FZP透镜，PO分析结果的有效性依赖于透镜的焦距与透镜的费涅尔区下限之比，而SDT则具有广泛的适应性。     

费涅尔透镜的焦区场──谱域法与物理光学法的比较

本文分别采用传统的物理光学法（PO）和全被分析的谱域技术（SDT），分析了费涅尔区板（FZP）透镜的焦区场分布。SDT法的计算结果与文献的实验结果一致。通过对PO与SDT两种方法的数值结果比较可知：对单层FZP透镜，PO分析结果的有效性依赖于透镜的焦距与透镜的费涅尔区下限之比，而SDT则具有广泛的适应性。     

毫米波焦面阵成像视场扩大分析

本文研究平面波倾斜入射在小F数毫米波焦面阵成像系统上衍射斑像差减小即视场扩大问题．采用射线追迹方法计算不同透镜剖面成像系统焦面上的点列图，对商用介质材料透镜通过优化剖面形状来减小像差从而获得视场扩大的效果．采用结合射线追迹和衍射积分的矢量孔径场法计算了透镜焦面上的衍射场分布，与实验结果做了比较，两者吻合．     

毫米波焦面阵成像视场扩大分析

本文研究平面波倾斜入射在小F数毫米波焦面阵成像系统上衍射斑像差减小即视场扩大问题.采用射线追迹方法计算不同透镜剖面成像系统焦面上的点列图,对商用介质材料透镜通过优化剖面形状来减小像差从而获得视场扩大的效果.采用结合射线追迹和衍射积分的矢量孔径场法计算了透镜焦面上的衍射场分布,与实验结果做了比较,两者吻合.     

偏馈FZPA焦区场特性研究

基于菲涅尔原理提出了一种椭圆形相位修正区域的偏馈菲涅尔区相位修正平面反射面天线（ＦＺＰＡ），在正入射和斜入射等不同情形下，利用物理光学法分析了其聚焦平面的场幅分布。有关结果表明，这种新型的ＦＺＰＡ具有良好聚焦特性，达到了设计目的。     

用改进的全波方法分析圆对称层状贴片结构

本文将矢量Hankel变换与谱域导抗法相结合，改进了一种分析圆对称层状结构的全波方法，使理论建模和数值计算都得以简化。该方法应用于微带圆贴片谐振特性的计算，其结果与文献所载的实验数据相符；将该方法应用于费涅尔区板（FZP）透镜焦区场的计算，论证了双层透镜能增强聚焦作用的设计原理。     

毫米波衍折射透镜系统焦区矢量场快速分析

将快速分析单个二元衍射透镜焦区标量场的射线衍射传播法发展为矢量射线衍射传播追迹法,此方法能快速有效地分析二元衍射透镜及折射透镜组合光学系统的焦区矢量场,获得相应的成像性能。与二维时域有限差分法(2D-FDTD)相比,矢量射线衍射传播追迹法的计算时间显著缩短。矢量射线衍射传播追迹法与2D-FDTD计算结果及实验结果对比验证了其正确性。     

同心导体圆盘—圆环结构散射场的一种分析方法

本文从电场积分方程出发，经傅氏变换，并分离出电荷对散射场的贡献，导出了平面波投射于同心圆盘－圆环结构时，分析散射场的一个形式简单且便于求解的积分方程，当平面波正投射时解法尤为简单，据此求解圆盘和／或圆环结构上感应电流分布和相应的散射场，为验证本方法的准确性，对圆盘雷达散射截面的计算结果与精确解进行了比较，结果吻合很好，文中还给出了当平面波正投射时，同心圆盘－圆环结构上感应电流各分量的幅度分布和散射     

Indoor signal focusing by means of Fresnel zone plate lens attached to building wall

A simple inexpensive on-wall Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens for indoor focusing of microwave signals is studied. It consists of concentric metal rings mounted on the outside of an exterior building wall. In our theoretical and empirical work the on-wall FZP lens is illuminated normally by a plane or spherical wave, of vertical or horizontal polarization, but other, more general incidence situations can be treated by similar means. The scalar quasi-optical focusing theory of the free-space zone plate has been modified and used for design and analysis of one-, two-, and three-ring on-wall FZP lenses. It is found that the presence of the wall does not change the FZP lens focusing efficiency significantly, but it has a strong axial defocusing effect. A 2-GHz FZP lens assembly consisting of three metal rings made out of thin antimosquito mesh has a focusing efficiency of about 15 dB (measured) and 14 dB (calculated), and axial defocusing of about 0.22 m. Some variations of on-wall/on-roof FZP lenses and their feasible applications in the microwave/millimeter-wave communication links are also discussed.     

Optimum Design of Millimeter-Wave Double-Dielectric Fresnel Zone-Plate Lens and Antenna

The microwave/millimeter-wave Fresnel-zone plate (FZP) lenses differ substantially in construction, technology and applications from their optical analogs and require specific design equations and methods of electromagnetic analysis. In this paper, optimum design equations for double-dielectric lossless FZP lens are derived. The best and worst choices of the permittivity ratio for lossless dielectrics are discussed in detail. In addition, the influence of dielectric losses on the lens thickness for given wavelength and permittivities is examined. Two versions of a 57.5-GHz double-dielectric phase-reversal zone plate are used as focusing elements of FZP lens antenna. The antenna co-polar and cross-polar radiation patterns, aperture efficiency and frequency bandwidth are analyzed numerically and contrasted with those of half-blocked FZP and horn lens antennas.     

Focusing characteristics of curvilinear half-open Fresnel zone plate lenses: plane wave illumination

A diffraction field-focusing equation based on a specific conical-segment linearization procedure is derived for the Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens of arbitrary curved profile and is applied for contrasting plane, spherical, parabolic and conical zone plate lenses, convex-side illuminated by a paraxial plane wave front. Two sets of 100-GHz curvilinear and plane FZP lenses are studied numerically with regards to their dimensions, axial focusing intensity and footprint, and frequency bandwidth. For the first set , where the curvilinear and plane lenses share a common lens base aperture and have equal focal lengths, the following new finding has resulted: regardless of their different in shape profiles the FZP lenses have equal zone numbers and produce similar axial focusing. The second set also consists of plane, spherical, parabolic and conical lenses. They share a common apex, and have equal in diameter base apertures and focal lengths but different thicknesses. For such disposition and proportions, the FZP lenses possess different zone numbers and focusing parameters (gain, efficiency, footprint and bandwidth). The belief that the curvilinear FZP have superior (or inferior) electromagnetic characteristics, compared to those of the plane FZP lens with equal number of zones is not in general true. Their relative focusing qualities can vary significantly depending on the lens positioning and dimensions.     

Conical Double-Dielectric Fresnel Zone Lens and Antenna

A conical double-dielectric phase-reversal Fresnel-zone plate (FZP) lens is introduced. We present the lens design equations as functions of cone opening angle. As an example, the phase-reversal lens has been applied to four millimeter-wave antennas with different lens opening semi-angles: 45deg, 60deg, and 75deg (conical lenses) and 90deg (plane lens). The radiation characteristics of these antennas have been calculated and contrasted one-to-another, and to those with the same semi-angles and linear dimensions binary (half-open) FZP lens antennas. The double-dielectric FZP conical arrangement can serve as a conical antenna lens and a radome simultaneously     

Curvilinear Fresnel-Zone Plate Lens Antenna: Vector Radiation Theory

A generalized vector diffraction theory of the half-open curvilinear Fresnel zone plate (FZP) tens antenna that is valid for any lens profile shape is presented. It is an extension to the vector Kirchhoff diffraction theory for the plane half-open FZP lens antenna and is based on the conical-segment lens profile approximation. An equation for the electric far-field vector is derived from which follow the expressions for the co- and cross-polarization radiation patterns and directive gain. The proposed theory is utilized for a numerical analysis and comparison of 140-GHz curvilinear half-open FZP lens antennas grouped in two distinct sets:

1. (a)
   Set I: antennas with different in shape FZP lenses (plane, conical, parabolic and spherical) having the same number of zones. All eurvilinear FZP antenna lenses are designed for similar gain, co- and cross-polarization performance and bandwidth, regardless of the lens-profile.
    
2. (b)
   Set II: antennas with different in shape FZP lenses and different number of zones. Since this affects gain, polarization and bandwidth performance, to make the characteristics of these FZP lens antennas practically equal to those of Set I, antenna feeds with different gain patterns have been used.
    

     

Design and analysis of a folded Fresnel Zone Plate antenna

Based on the Kirchhoff-Huygens diffraction theory, a simple analytical method of a planar folded Fresnel zone-plate (FZP), that is the case when a planar reflector is placed behind the zone plates, has been developed. According to the numerical calculation results, the design procedure of the FZP antenna has been presented, and its focusing characteristics and gain-optimized conditions have been discussed. The variations of the focal field distribution with the antenna parameters such as zone numbers, focal length and antenna diameter and the radiation power patterns of the FZP have been simulated numerically. To take a good balance of both receiving and transmitting antennas, at 60GHz operating frequency, the focal length should be designed as a half of the antenna diameter and the zone number should be from 10 to 15. The results in this work show that the folded FZP has good focal characteristics and off-axis performance, and its antenna gain can be optimized by the suitable antenna parameter design. The possibility of applying the folded FZP as a low cost and high gain antenna without strict manufacturing requirement for millimeter-wave communications has been shown.     

一种用于卫星电视接收的FZP天线

本文用物理光学法对ＦＺＰ反射器的聚焦场、聚焦效率及偏轴扫描特性等进行初步分析，并由此提出一种使用ＦＺＰ天线实现多颗卫星信号同时接收的技术方案。原理性样机实际接收结果证实了其可行性     

共轴双半椭圆柱透镜准直半导体激光光束特性研究

基于光线传输理论对椭圆柱透镜及共轴双半椭圆柱透镜准直半导体激光光束的特性进行了研究。结果表明：这两种柱透镜的准直效率随折射率的变化不大,这在一定程度上提高了透镜材料选择的灵活性;并且理论上,共轴双半椭圆柱透镜可以将半导体激光光束快轴方向的发散角压缩到0.1 mrad量级。     

应用光学自由曲面的曲面结构大视场仿生复眼系统

受限于制造技术,大多数仿生复眼的传感器为平 面结构,与生物复眼的曲面结构存在差异,限制了其成像质量和视场 扩展。本文设计制造了一个模拟生物复眼结构的大视场仿生复眼,将16mm CCD传感器组成2×8的曲面阵列,并 设计制造了配套的单层结构的曲面2×8透镜阵列,各透镜与传感器成 一一垂直对应关系,贴合了生物复眼的结构特征,消除 了传统复眼的离轴像差。通过引入光学自由曲面和非球面,保证了单层结构透镜阵列的成像 质量,单层透镜阵列降低了系统 的制造及装配难度。系统实现了180°×75°视场范围内无盲区的图 像采集。实验结果表明,与传统鱼眼镜头相比,本文系统畸变更小,分辨率更高。