一种基于国产密码算法的数字视频加密方法

视频加密是数字版权管理常用的技术.提出一种基于国产密码SM4算法的视频加密方法,对经过编码的视频文件进行I帧数据提取,并运用SM4加密算法进行加密.该方法可以降低加密运算强度,达到保护视频版权的目的.     

基于H.264/AVC视频安全级别可分的加密方案

针对当前视频数据易复制、易篡改等特征,为了保护视频数据的安全,提出了一种基于H.264/AVC视频编码标准的视频加密方案.利用流密码加密简单、运算速度快等优点,采用高级加密标准(AES)的密码反馈模式(CFB)对H.264/AVC标准的序列参数集(SPS)、图像参数集(PPS)中能加密的语法元素和Ⅰ帧的码流进行加密.针对不同视频应用所需求的安全级别不同,在宏块级别选取一定数量的宏块进行选择性加密,得到安全级别可分的加密方案.最后,从算法的安全性、实时性、压缩率等方面进行分析.实验结果表明,该算法达到了视频内容安全的要求,满足实时性,并且减少了加密数据量.     

基于组合混沌系统的彩色视频流加密算法

为进一步加强视频图像在存储及传输过程中的安全性,提出一种将两种改进的混沌系统和分组加密算法结合的彩色视频流加密方案.将原视频逐帧提取并取其RGB分量,并用改进的logistic混沌系统控制其高低位进行各分量位重组.再利用级联式二维猫映射,对亮度分量R实现快速空域置乱;通过改进型二维logistic映射构造的非线性混沌序列,对色度分量GB分量进行迭代扩散.然后将已加密的三分量通过AES算法进行二重加密.算法利用了高低维混沌的空域混合双重加密.仿真结果表明该算法的解密图像无损、无失真,具有更好的密钥敏感性、更好的安全性.     

H.264帧内预测宏块融合置乱技术安全通信研究

基于I,P,B帧中所有帧内预测宏块与整数离散余弦变换DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)提出了一种融合加密方案。判断当前宏块的属性是帧内预测宏块,则将其DCT系数分层即宏块系数矩阵进行转置变换,获得16个新的4×4子宏块,用混沌系统产生的密钥序列置乱子宏块后再加密子宏块中的系数符号。实验结果表明,该融合加密方案不仅能有效防止块间相关性攻击和密钥攻击,同时也能满足视频的安全性和传输的实时性要求。     

基于H.264帧内预测宏块融合置乱技术的安全通信研究

基于I、P、B帧中所有帧内预测宏块与整数离散余弦变换DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)提出了一种融合加密方案。判断当前宏块的属性是帧内预测宏块,则将其DCT系数分层即宏块系数矩阵做转置变换,获得16个新的4×4子宏块,用混沌系统产生的密钥序列置乱子宏块后再加密子宏块中的系数符号。实验结果表明,这种融合加密方案不仅能有效防止块间相关性攻击和密钥攻击,同时也能满足视频的安全性和传输的实时性要求。     

H.264/AVC标准中基于CABAC的数字视频加密研究

分析和总结了用于新一代视频编码标准H.264／AVC加密的候选域，在此基础上提出了一种新的基于CABAC（基于上下文的自适应二进制算术编码）的数字视频加密方案，并给出了2种安全加密操作：RCME（规则编码模式加密）和BCME（旁路编码模式加密）实现了残差系数码字、运动矢量差码字和帧内预测模式的加密保护。实验结果表明，该方案具有较好的安全性、编码效率和误码顽健性。     

H.264视频加密算法的研究及改进

本文提出将帧内、帧间预测模式置乱,量化系数与运动矢量加密相结合的H.264视频加密方法,试验表明此方法具有良好的加密效果,其算法复杂度低,对编码效率影响小,适合实时应用;在此基础上我们进一步提出了一套完整的视频加密系统,通过将二层序列密钥同步与告知机制相结合的方法实现了快速序列密钥同步,多用户访问控制,并扩大了序列密钥的产生空间,增加了系统的安全性.     

基于熵编码的立体视频加密与信息隐藏算法

针对立体视频的安全性,该文提出一种基于熵编码的立体视频加密与信息隐藏算法。首先,结合立体视频编码结构,分析误差漂移的物理机制,并根据立体视觉掩蔽效应,确定左右视点的加密帧和隐秘信息待嵌入帧。其次,在基于上下文自适应二进制算术编码(CABAC)的熵编码中,通过等长码字替换技术,实现立体视频的加密和信息隐藏。实验结果表明,视频码流经加密与信息隐藏之后格式兼容、比特率不变,视频感知质量无明显下降,在计算复杂度和码率增加率上有显著优势。     

一种基于H.264 CABAC的视频加密方案

基于块的数字视频编码一般包括运动估计、残差块变换和熵编码三个阶段。针对传统的视频加密方案是对第二阶段中的残差变换系数进行的加密,提出了一种基于H.264CABAC熵编码的视频加密方案。该方案充分利用了流密码加密简单、运算快的优点,将加密过程置于视频编码的第三个阶段。并利用可灵活配置的加密模块和密文反馈模式,增强加密的安全性。理论分析和实验结果表明,提出的算法具有计算简单、安全高效、易于实现、不改变视频格式和压缩效率的优点。     

移动视频业务的快速频道切换方案研究

提出了一种基于间插切换帧的移动视频业务快速频道切换方案,通过合理增加切换帧减少频道切换中的主要时间,即等待参考帧时间.然后对所提方案进行了性能分析和验证,仿真结果表明该方案可有效减少移动视频业务的频道切换时间.     

Confidentiality of a selectively encrypted H.264 coded video bit-stream

It is an assumption that selective encryption does not strongly protect confidentiality owing to the partial visibility of some video data. This is because, though encryption keys may be difficult to derive, an enhanced version of selectively encrypted video sequence might be found from knowledge of the unencrypted parts of the sequence. An efficient selective encryption method for syntax elements of H.264 encoded video was recently proposed at the entropy coding stage of an H.264 encoder. Using this recent scheme as an example, the purpose of this paper is a comprehensive cryptanalysis of selectively encrypted H.264 bit-streams to contradict the previous assumption that selective encryption is vulnerable. The novel cryptanalysis methods presented in this paper analyze the ability of an attacker to improve the quality of the encrypted video stream to make it watchable. The conclusion is drawn that if the syntax elements for selective encryption are chosen using statistical and structural characteristics of the video, then the selective encryption method is secure. The cryptanalysis is performed by taking into account the probability distribution of syntax elements within the video sequence, the relationship of syntax elements with linear regression analysis and the probability of successfully attacking them in order to enhance the visual quality. The results demonstrate the preservation of distorted video quality even after considering many possible attacks on: the whole video sequence; each video frame; and on small video segments known as slices.     

基于CABAC的视觉质量可控的H.264视频感知加密算法

在视频点播等应用中,为了刺激消费者购买高质量的视频,需要对视频进行特别的感知加密,使视频加密后仍然部分可见。该文提出一种Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC)的视觉质量可控的快速感知加密算法。利用2D超混沌系统生成的流密码对重要的语法元素和敏感的编码元素异或加密。加密内容包括运动矢量差的符号位、非零系数符号位和语法元素significant_coeff_flag。分析及实验结果表明,提出的感知加密算法对码率无影响,编码时间仅增加7左右,视频质量随着质量因子的改变而变化,满足视频感知加密的应用需求。     

基于雾气模型和选择加密的视频加雾隐藏算法

提出一种基于雾气模型和选择加密来对视频内容进行加雾隐藏的新算法。首先,将原始视频分帧并计算薄雾遮罩;当视频含明显涉密内容时,对涉密内容进行加密,并用浓雾遮罩对其实施隐藏,而对于无明显涉密内容的视频,此环节不作处理;然后,利用薄雾遮罩对视频画面实施隐藏,并针对雾气遮罩进行优化处理;最后,重组视频帧得到加雾视频。对加雾视频做逆运算可以恢复原始视频。实验结果表明,本算法能够对含密视频内容实施有效隐藏,并且能够降低数据量和抵抗去雾攻击。     

Secure transcoders for single layer video data

This paper considers the use of selective encryption systems for compressed video data that can support transcoding of the encrypted bit-streams without the need for decryption and re-encryption. The focus is on the use of the H.264 video codec. However, the concepts can be easily extended to any video coding standard.I-frame encryption encrypts only the intra frames, making it suitable for use with modified interframe transcoders that operate only on P and B frames. These interframe transcoders are found to offer improved performance for un-encrypted data, due to the temporal propagation of the higher quality of I-frames. The operations of both interframe open loop transcoding and Fast Pixel Domain Transcoding (FPDT) are unaffected by I-frame encryption yielding identical results. However, the lack of I-frame data causes a significant drift problem when I-frame encryption is used with a more complete Cascaded Pixel Domain Transcoder (CPDT). A modified CPDT is proposed, called Intra Block Copy (IBC) transcoding, which offers improved performance at the expense of a reduced range of possible output bitrates.Sign bit encryption systems such as Real-time Video Encryption Algorithm (RVEA) offer improved security compared to I-frame encryption. However transcoding this data can result in some sign bits being omitted causing a loss of cipher synchronization. A novel sign bit encryption technique called Synchronous Video Encryption Algorithm (SVEA) is proposed that preserves the cipher synchronization. While the operation of open loop transcoding systems is unaffected, the encryption interferes with the drift compensation in the more complex transcoders, leading to reduced performance.     

Selecting salient frames for spatiotemporal video modeling and segmentation.

We propose a new statistical generative model for spatiotemporal video segmentation. The objective is to partition a video sequence into homogeneous segments that can be used as "building blocks" for semantic video segmentation. The baseline framework is a Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based video modeling approach that involves a six-dimensional spatiotemporal feature space. Specifically, we introduce the concept of frame saliency to quantify the relevancy of a video frame to the GMM-based spatiotemporal video modeling. This helps us use a small set of salient frames to facilitate the model training by reducing data redundancy and irrelevance. A modified expectation maximization algorithm is developed for simultaneous GMM training and frame saliency estimation, and the frames with the highest saliency values are extracted to refine the GMM estimation for video segmentation. Moreover, it is interesting to find that frame saliency can imply some object behaviors. This makes the proposed method also applicable to other frame-related video analysis tasks, such as key-frame extraction, video skimming, etc. Experiments on real videos demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.     

基于双重水印加密和SVD的视频水印方案

针对视频水印的安全性,提出了一种基于双重水印加密和SVD的视频水印方案。该方法首先将水印图像经Arnold置乱,对置乱后的水印通过Chebyshev混沌映射进行加密,保障水印的安全性;然后,对视频关键帧进行三级小波分解,利用SVD对几何失真的不变性,将水印3次嵌入到LL3、HL3和LH3中。实验表明该方案对高斯噪声、MPEG压缩、剪切等具有较高的鲁棒性。     

双混沌自同步流密码算法的设计与应用

视频在网络传输过程中需要利用密码进行加密以获得数据的保密性。针对视频存在数据量大和实时性强的特点,提出了一种双混沌自同步流密码算法,以提升加密视频的安全性能和加密效率。密码算法由两个离散时间混沌系统构成：首先,采用混沌反控制方法设计两个三维离散时间混沌系统;然后,将第一个混沌系统的状态变量作为第二个混沌系统的反控制器;最后,将第二个混沌系统迭代产生的状态变量与明文信息进行加密操作。该算法能够有效抵御选择密文攻击与分别征服攻击,具备良好的安全性能。实验测试表明,算法能够达到每秒25帧以上的实时性能,具有良好的加密效率。     

Robust Video Watermarking Using a Hybrid DCT-DWT Approach

In order to solve the limitations of the digital video watermarking algorithm, this paper proposes a new robust video watermarking algorithm using combining discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) techniques. First of all, the video frames are randomly selected and then the DCT algorithm is applied to the selected video frames. After that, the first column of the selected video frames is scrambled using the Arnold algorithm. Furthermore, every column with 4 direct current (DC) coefficients is reshaped and transformed into four different sub-bands using the DWT technique. Next, the watermark is embedded into the approximation (LL) sub-band. The proposed algorithm is easy to carry out because it provides random frames with no special requirements for video frames. The experiment results indicate that this algorithm can resist against different kinds of watermarking attacks, such as the Gaussian filter attack and sharpen attack. In addition, it also illustrates that the proposed algorithm has a better result than some other watermarking algorithms.