波导窄边斜缝行波阵列天线设计

为了快速设计波导窄边斜缝行波阵列天线,采用理论计算结合软件仿真的方法。利用电磁仿真软件HFSS模拟实验过程,得到裂缝电导函数。初始设计完成后,比较仿真结果口径分布和理论口径分布的差异,微调裂缝尺寸参数使天线口面幅度逼近设计值。设计了一个47阵元行波线阵,并采用两根波导对称放置抑制交叉极化。Taylor综合副瓣值为-30 dB,仿真得到的最大副瓣值为-24.8 dB,波瓣宽度为2.2°,增益为24.6 dB。     

Transverse slot antenna array in the broad wall of a rectangular waveguide partially filled with a dielectric slab

A compact and wide-band transverse slot antenna array in the broad wall of a rectangular waveguide partially filled with an H-plane -dielectric slab is presented in this paper. By partially filling an H-plane dielectric slab in the waveguide, the inter-element spacing between slots is reduced to be about 0.8 free-space wavelengths to avoid grating lobes. In addition, the partially filled material provides extra flexibility to adjust the slot impedance as desired within a relatively wide frequency range. A new feeding network is designed for this antenna array, which can prevent the shift in the pointing angle of the array's main radiation beam with the change of frequency. Experimental data for a 2/spl times/4 antenna array operating at X-band show that stable radiation pattern over a wide frequency range can be obtained. The measured gain is 16.9 dB at 10 GHz and the fluctuation is less than 2 dB over a frequency band of 1.5 GHz. The slot array's 10-dB return loss bandwidth is 13% and the cross-polarization level is better than -25 dB.     

Grating Lobe Suppression of Narrow-Wall Slotted Hollow Waveguide Millimeter-Wave Planar Antenna for Arbitrarily Linear Polarization

A high-gain and high-efficiency slotted waveguide planar antenna is developed in the millimeter-wave band. Forty-five degree inclined polarization is required for automotive radar systems. In the design of slotted waveguide array for arbitrarily linear polarization, slot spacing is one guide wavelength which is larger than a wavelength in free space. Consequently, grating lobes appear in the radiation pattern. So, we developed a slotted waveguide planar antenna composed of post-loaded narrow-wall slots and a single-layer alternating-phase feeding circuit. A planar antenna with suppressed grating lobes has been fabricated and its RF performance has been measured. The measured gain is 33.2 dBi and antenna efficiency is 56% at 76 GHz. Grating lobe level is -28.6 dB lower than main lobe level. Since the proposed structure remains simple, the antenna is expected to be manufactured by metal injection molding for low cost     

低副瓣基片集成波导缝隙阵圆极化天线

基于基片集成波导技术与标准印刷电路板工艺,实现了圆极化、低副瓣的平面缝隙天线阵列.辐射单元采用基片集成波导项层匹配缝隙对结构,行波式圆极化单元.辐射缝隙经过改进,单个辐射单元的反射系数均小于-30 dB.平面阵列采用基片集成波导低副瓣功分器馈电.文中给出了具体设计公式、方法和仿真结果.设计制作的16×16阵列在16.1 GHz频点上实测增益为30 dB,轴比为0.7 dB,副瓣小于-20 dB.     

基于SIW 的多波束CTS 阵列天线设计

文中设计了一款基于基片集成波导(SIW)的毫米波高增益多波束连续横向枝节(CTS)阵列天线,它 通过切换馈电端口实现多波束功能。该天线整体结构简单,采用印刷电路板工艺实现。天线主要包含馈电喇叭、平 面波转换结构以及辐射结构三个部分,由三层基板构成。馈源为基于SIW 的馈电喇叭,并在口径处添加匹配结构以 提高其辐射性能;平面波转换结构由SIW 抛物面和渐变耦合槽组成,可将馈电喇叭辐射出的柱面波转换为幅度服从 泰勒分布的平面波进而为CTS 阵列馈电,因此天线具有低副瓣的特性;辐射结构为1×8 的CTS 阵列,通过优化缝隙 宽度以保证每个单元辐射出相等的能量。天线工作在30 GHz,通过切换馈电端口可在±20°范围内实现波束切换,天 线测试结果与仿真结果吻合,验证了设计的合理性。     

一种新型垂直极化同轴波导缝隙天线

结合波导缝隙和同轴线结构,提出了一种新型同轴波导缝隙结构实现天线小型化。首先,分析了同轴波导缝隙天线内金属摆线上的电流分布,改进了缝隙形式和摆线设计;然后,利用HFSS软件建立不同缝隙数目的同轴波导缝隙天线模型进行仿真,对比分析驻波带宽和方向图带宽;最后,建立不同缝隙数目的同轴波导缝隙天线有限阵列,对比分析阵列中天线增益和效率。     

The Rectangular Waveguide Board Wall Slot Array Antenna Integrated with One Dimensional Subwavelength Periodic Corrugated Grooves and Artificially Soft Surface Structure

In this letter, we propose a high gain rectangular waveguide board wall slot array antenna, which is integrated with one dimensional subwavelength periodic corrugated grooves and artificially soft surface structure. The corresponding far field radiation characteristics are investigated. The simulation results show that the gain of planar 2 × 8 slot array antenna with the introduction of corrugated grooves structure is increased to 26.1 dB, and half power beamwidth in the E plane is considerably reduced. Compared with the subwavelength periodic grooves slits array antenna proposed by Huang et al.[Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 143512 (2007)], the side and back lobe level of this antenna are also significantly reduced by 6 dB and 10 dB, respectively. The physical mechanism for radiation-pattern improvement has been well explained by the modulation of surface wave, the reradiation of surface energy, and suppression of surplus surface wave at the grounded edge.     

一种Ka 波段对称四波束波导缝隙行波阵列天线的设计

本文给出了一种Ka 波段对称四波束波导缝隙行波阵列天线的设计方法。该设计对经典行波阵理论进行了改进 和创新,提出将驻波阵的电流幅度分布理论应用于行波阵,推导出多波束波导缝隙的电场分布方程,实现了波导缝 隙阵列天线对称四波束配置,并具备共口径、高增益、低副瓣等优点,满足多普勒测速雷达对天线的要求。HFSS 软件仿真测量结果验证了该设计的正确性。     

一种抑制波导窄边缝隙阵列天线交叉极化的方法

为了抑制波导窄边缝隙阵列天线交叉极化电平,采用一种在波导外壁开非倾斜缝隙、在波导内壁开倾斜缝隙的方法。利用电磁仿真软件HFSS进行仿真,得到孤立缝隙与阵中单个缝隙的电导函数。设计了一个47单元X波段波导窄边缝隙均匀直线阵列,与常规缝隙阵列相比,天线交叉极化电平降低了6.8 dB。     

K波段低副瓣波导缝隙驻波阵设计

本文设计了一种 K 频段低副瓣波导缝隙驻波阵天线,给出了实现低副瓣的方法。设计副瓣电平为-27dB,缝隙幅度分布按-30dB 泰勒分布计算,结合高频仿真软件 Ansoft HFSS 对各缝隙归一化导纳进行计算,建立仿真模型并优化天线各参数。依据设计结果加工实物并测试其方向图及增益。测试结果表明,该天线在工作频带内波束宽度约 3°,副瓣电平小于-27dB,工作频带内增益大于 30.8dB,仿真结果与实测结果相符,设计满足指标要求。     

抑制共模噪声的SIW 平衡馈电差分缝隙天线阵*

提出一种利用差分天线在共模激励和差模激励下方向图不同来抑制共模噪声的方法,并基于该理论 设计了6×6 平衡馈电差分SIW 缝隙天线阵进行验证。该天线由6个宽边纵向SIW 缝隙天线子阵列组成。辐射缝隙 被设计为只在差模激励下辐射,达到抑制共模信号的目的。每个天线子阵采用平衡差分馈电方式,使用两个1分6 梳状功分器将6个子阵同时激励。整个天线使用标准PCB 工艺加工,为了测试共模和差模激励,分别设计了带有 180°相移的功分器和T型功分器用来生成差模和共模信号。在差模激励下,天线的最大增益为20.2dBi,S11幅值小 于-10dB 带宽为7.2%(39.6 ~43.8GHz),在共模激励下天线的最大增益为10.1dBi,在整个工作频段内S11幅值大于 -7dB。仿真和实验结果验证了该结构的SIW 缝隙天线对差模信号能够有效地辐射而对共模信号进行抑制。     

A 42‐GHz Wideband Cavity‐Backed Slot Antenna with Thick Ground Plane

We investigate the characteristics of a wideband and high‐gain cavity‐backed slot antenna in terms of the reflection coefficients, radiation patterns, and gain. A cavity‐backed slot antenna structure includes baffles, reflectors, and thick ground planes. The measured gain and bandwidth of a 10‐dB return loss in a cavity‐backed 2 × 2 array slot antenna with h₁=2 mm, d = 2 mm are 15.5 dBi and nearly 27% respectively, at 42 GHz. Baffles and reflectors are used to increase antenna gain, thus reducing the coupling among the slots on the thick ground plane.     

具有双带阻特性的超宽带缝隙天线

设计了一款微带馈电的超宽带缝隙天线,整体尺寸仅有30 mm×30 mm×1.6 mm,在3.08～11 GHz范围内驻波比小于2,可覆盖超宽带频段.为了实现对WiMAX和WLAN频段的陷波,分别在地板和馈线上蚀刻不同缝隙,仿真结果表明:在3.2～3.7 GHz,5 ～5.9 GHz驻波比大于2,增益显著下降,而在通带内仍然保持良好的全向辐射特性和稳定的增益.该天线结构简单、性能优良,能广泛应用于超宽带通信系统中.     

Double-beam parallel-plate slot antenna

This paper presents the design and prototyping of a double-beam linear polarized parallel-plate slot antenna at 12-GHz band. Each beam is separated 27.7/spl deg/ and 27.3/spl deg/, respectively, from broadside direction. Two different radiation patterns are generated, exciting the parallel plate from opposite sides. The radiating elements are composed by three parallel slots, the central slot is close to the resonance, while the side ones are designed to minimize the reflection inside the parallel plate. The length of the slots in the same row is kept constant (periodic walls), and the distance between columns is equal to 0.7 times the wavelength. The designs of the feeding networks and the design of the array of slots generate both beams, pointing toward Hispasat and Astra satellites simultaneously, at the same frequency band. The feeding networks are two microstrip circuits that excite two linear arrays of 24 patches, placed at both sides of the antenna, and generate both quasi-TEM mode plane waves inside the parallel-plate waveguide, propagating from one side to the other.     

Dual circularly polarized radial line slot antennas

A radial line slot antenna (RLSA) is a circularly polarized high efficiency planar array. Two types of RLSAs, a single-layered and a double-layered one, have been released commercially for 12 GHz band DBS reception. The former adopts nonuniform slots excited by a radially outward traveling wave, while the latter has uniform ones excited by an inward traveling wave. The paper merges the two into a novel, dual circularly polarized RLSA. Minimum antenna gain of 33.5 dBi in a DBS bandwidth of 500 MHz is measured for a 0.55 m diameter antenna     

脊波导缝隙圆极化天线的设计*

设计了一种新型脊波导缝隙圆极化天线。在脊波导宽边开并联纵缝,从波导耦合电磁波至其上方的四脊波导圆极化器,实现圆极化辐射。采用脊波导不仅减小了单元尺寸,更改善了天线的带宽性能。重点研究了四脊波导圆极化器对相互垂直的两辐射场分量的影响,优化单元的轴比特性。在提取单元谐振电导的基础上,设计了工作在10GHz 的1×10 圆极化波导缝隙阵列。对天线实物测试得到中心频率处的增益为16.8dB,第一副瓣电平为 25dB,阻抗带宽约为8.5%,相对轴比带宽(AR臆3dB)约为3.2%。     

X 波段加膜片式单脊波导裂缝天线的研究

等效导纳值是波导宽边纵缝天线的关键设计参数。为克服传统波导裂缝天线副瓣偏高、设计效率低下等问题,本文提出了一种单脊波导裂缝天线的改进设计方法,在传统波导裂缝阵列天线设计的基础上,利用等效导纳值对天线等效电路的影响,在裂缝单元下增加金属膜片,通过改变金属膜片的高度,优化裂缝等效导纳值,使得每个裂缝口径场分布更加接近于理论设计值,并在设计过程中使用牛顿迭代法提取导纳进一步缩短设计时间。通过设计实例表明:应用此方法设计单脊波导裂缝天线能够有效抑制副瓣电平,天线方位面副瓣电平可达到-30 dB 以下;在满足主要指标要求的前提下,设计效率显著提升。     

A study of slotline leaky-wave antennas

The results of an experimental investigation of several millimeter-wave slotline leaky-wave antennas at 94 GHz are given. The experimental results show how variations in the transverse slot geometry affect the radiation pattern. Additionally, slot geometry variations also change the polarization performance of the antenna. The narrow transverse slot array was more sensitive to a perpendicularly (E_y-E_z) polarized electric field than the wide slot case. Also, the change in the effective phase constant along the antenna with changing slot dimensions caused a noticeable shift in the angle of the main beams. However, the beamwidths for all cases remained about the same. A simple model is presented to explain this. For designing an antenna of this form, the effective phase constant, β, can be approximately determined using a numerical analysis of the uniform slot problem. Given β and the operating frequency and the scanning ranges, the element spacing can be determined. The attenuation constant does not change much when the transverse slot widths are varied. If greater sensitivity to an E _y-E_z polarized wave is desired, the transverse slots should be narrow     

一种波导窄边裂缝天线缝隙倾角的改进方法

为减小波导窄边裂缝天线缝隙间互耦对天线性能的影响, 实现低副瓣的设计, 提出了一种倾角波动分布的设计方法.天线电流分布选用泰勒分布, 利用HFSS软件确定缝隙倾角初值, 在此基础上得到波动分布的倾斜角度, 并通过遗传算法对缝隙倾角进行优化.使用Matlab与HFSS软件联合仿真, 省略了建模、设置参数等大量操作, 提高了设计效率.基于此, 设计了一款长度为1.2 m的X波段波导窄边裂缝天线, 仿真发现副瓣电平比传统设计方法低2.17 dB, 加工了天线实物并进行了测试, 天线实测增益和副瓣电平分别为20.9 dBi和-28.7 dB, 验证了方法的有效性.     

一种超宽带、大扫描角Vivaldi天线阵列

设计并加工测试了一款双面Vivaldi天线.通过结构优化, 提高了馈电效率和阻抗带宽, 并在组阵后显著降低了阵元间的互耦.实测结果表明该天线可以实现在2~8 GHz的频带内回波损耗(Return Loss, RL)小于-10 dB, 平均增益大于5 dBi.并采用“交错排列”的思路, 将所设计的双面Vivaldi天线组成超宽带阵列.此种方式可以有效解决天线尺寸和最佳阵列间距之间的矛盾, 进而抑制栅瓣, 增大波束扫描角范围.仿真分析表明, 在4~6 GHz时, E面交错阵列比普通一维阵列的扫描角范围提高20°左右.