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为了克服时分双工(TDD)无线异构网络中的区间干扰,对家庭基站受到来自宏基站小区和相邻家庭基站小区的干扰状况进行了仿真与分析,建立了家庭基站部署密度,家庭基站到宏基站的距离与上下行链路覆盖率之间的关系,从而为家庭基站的选址以及参数的设置和调整提供了重要依据,也为设计家庭基站的自配置和自优化算法提供了必要的参考数据. 相似文献
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为实现异构蜂窝网络中宏基站和小基站之间的负载均衡,提出了一种基于效用函数最大化模型的用户关联机制和基站功率控制的协同优化方案.通过迭代算法求解该协同优化问题,首先在基站功率固定的情况下求得最佳用户关联策略,然后在所得的用户关联策略基础上通过Zoutendijk可行方向法求得基站最佳功率.通过协同优化获得的用户关联策略和基站功率控制实现了基站之间的负载均衡,通过降低宏基站功率和关闭闲置小基站降低了基站的能耗.仿真实验表明,所提方案和不实施功率控制的用户关联策略相比,实现了宏基站与小基站之间的负载均衡,降低了宏基站对小基站用户的干扰,提升了小基站用户的信号干扰噪声比,用户速率中位值提高了20%. 相似文献
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针对正交频分多址(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access,OFDMA)异构网络中用户关联和功率控制协同优化不佳的问题,提出了一种多智能体深度Q学习网络(Deep Q-learning Network,DQN)方法.首先,基于用户关联和功率控制最优化问题,构建了正交频分多址的双层异构网络系统模型,以实现智能决策;其次,根据应用场景和多智能体DQN框架的动作空间,对状态空间和奖励函数进行重构;最后,通过选取具有宏基站(Base Station,BS)和小型BS的两层异构网络,对多智能体DQN算法的性能进行仿真实验.仿真结果表明,相较于传统学习算法,多智能体DQN算法具有更好的收敛性,且能够有效提升用户设备(User Equipment,UE)的服务质量与能效,并可获得最大的长期总体网络实用性. 相似文献
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本文研究协作异构网络下行传输中的用户接入和功率控制问题。考虑多基站采用协作传输来回避小区间干扰,在满足用户数据率需求、单基站功率约束、以及给定每个用户最多接入基站个数的限制下,最小化所有基站的总发射功率。该问题属于包含0/1变量和连续变量的组合优化问题,其全局最优解可以通过遍历搜索得到,但会导致很高的计算复杂度。为了降低复杂度,本文提出了一种基于几何规划的用户接入和功率控制联合优化方法。所提出的方法首先将问题中的0/1变量表示为连续函数,进而将得到的优化问题转化为几何规划问题并进行求解。仿真结果表明,相比于现有的用户接入最近基站方法、用户接入信号最强基站方法、以及偏移接收能量最大方法,所提出的方法能够有效地平衡网络中各小区负载,因而可以支持更高的用户数据率需求,在相同的用户数据率需求下能够大幅降低系统的总发射功率。 相似文献
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为了提高局部室内无线通信质量,家庭基站正逐步应用于各类室内无线通信场景。在密集部署femtocell场景中,当用户设备由宏小区层切换至femto层时,密集的femtocell信号会影响用户设备切换的准确性,增加用户设备切换开销和不必要切换概率。针对上述问题,在密集部署femtocell环境下针对切换提出一个femtocell分集理念,在提高切换准确性的同时,降低不必要切换次数,并在此基础上提出了一种缓存切换策略,以提高设备由宏小区层切换至femto层的效率,通过仿真对所提机制的性能进行了验证。 相似文献
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Hwang‐Cheng Wang Isaac Woungang Kuo‐Chang Ting Chih‐Cheng Tseng Fang‐Chang Kuo Hung‐Te Huang 《International Journal of Communication Systems》2016,29(17):2534-2541
With the adoption of long‐term evolution standard for 4G mobile communications, the deployment of femtocell base stations (FBSs) to cope with the surging traffic in mobile wireless communication is becoming increasingly popular. However, with the random installation of FBSs, the problem of interference among FBSs is still a challenge. In this paper, assuming the presence of a femtocell management system that can control and coordinate the densely deployed FBSs, a novel power backoff scheme is proposed that determines the appropriate transmit power of each FBS so that the interference is reduced. Simulation results for randomly deployed FBSs in an environment with shadowing using MATLAB are provided, showing that our proposed methods can effectively mitigate the co‐tier downlink interference while improving the system capacity in a densely deployed femtocell network with shared spectrum use. Quantitatively, the average interference is reduced by roughly 90% to 100% of dBm, and the average capacity is increased by more than 80%. These results attest to the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. 相似文献
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摘 要:本文提出了一种联合信道分配与功率控制算法,通过优化目标将家庭网络的信道分配和功率控制结合,限定干扰范围,采用凸优化和次梯度方法,求解出功率的闭合式,优化了家庭网络的容量。算法又将家庭网络容量与宏网络容量联系,使宏网络容量得到了提升。仿真结果表明,与单纯的功率控制算法相比,本文算法提高了系统容量。 相似文献
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In the two-tier femtocell network,a central macrocell is underlaid with a large number of shorter range femtocell hotspots,which is preferably in the universal frequency reuse mode.This kind of new network architecture brings about urgent challenges to the schemes of interference management and the radio resource allocation.Motivated by these challenges,three contributions are made in this paper:1) A novel joint subchannel and power allocation problem for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) downlink based femtocells is formulated on the premise ofminimizing radiated interference of every Femto base station.2) The pseudo-handover based scheduling information exchange method is proposed to exchange the co-tier and cross-tier information,and thus avoid the collision interference.3) An iterative scheme of power control and subchannel is proposed to solve the formulated problem in contribution 1),which is an NP-complete problem.Through simulations and comparisons with four other schemes,better performance in reducing interference and improving the spectrum efficiency is achieved by the proposed scheme. 相似文献
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田桂宾 《电信工程技术与标准化》2011,24(8):75-78
本文对femtocell 概念及技术特点进行了阐述;针对femtocell 关键技术进行了分析;分析了femtocell 系统组网架构,并对相关架构进行分析,提出了网络建设及演进方向;对比了femtocell 与Wi-Fi 之间的发展关系、功能定位. 相似文献
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Hussein Saad Amr Mohamed Tamer ElBatt 《Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing》2015,15(15):1929-1944
In this paper, we address the problem of distributed interference management of femtocells that share the same frequency band with macrocells using distributed multi‐agent Q‐learning. We formulate and solve two problems representing two different Q‐learning algorithms, namely, femto‐based distributed and sub‐carrier‐based distributed power controls using Q‐learning (FBDPC‐Q and SBDPC‐Q). FBDPC‐Q is a multi‐agent algorithm that works on a global basis, for example, deals with the aggregate macrocell and femtocell capacities. Its complexity increases exponentially with the number of sub‐carriers in the system. Also, it does not take into consideration the sub‐carrier macrocell capacity as a constraint. To overcome these problems, SBDPC‐Q is proposed, which is a multi‐agent algorithm that works on a sub‐carrier basis, for example, sub‐carrier macrocell and femtocell capacities. Each of FBDPC‐Q and SBDPC‐Q works in three different learning paradigms: independent (IL), cooperative (CL), and weighted cooperative (WCL). IL is considered the simplest form for applying Q‐learning in multi‐agent scenarios, where all the femtocells learn independently. CL and WCL are the proposed schemes in which femtocells share partial information during the learning process in order to strike a balance between practical relevance and performance. We prove the convergence of the CL paradigm when used in the FBDPC‐Q algorithm. We show via simulations that the CL paradigm outperforms the IL paradigm in terms of the aggregate femtocell capacity, especially in networks with large number of femtocells and large number of power levels. In addition, we propose WCL to address the CL limitations. Finally, we evaluate the robustness and scalability of both FBDPC‐Q and SBDPC‐Q, against several typical dynamics of plausible wireless scenarios (fading, path loss, random activity of femtocells, etc.). We show that the CL paradigm is the most scalable to large number of femtocells and robust to the network dynamics compared with the IL and WCL paradigms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为了降低宏蜂窝、微蜂窝双重异构网络中由微蜂窝基站(FBS)对宏蜂窝用户(MUE)产生的下行干扰和,本文结合集中式调控和博弈中的分布式优化的优点,提出了一种基于定价的 FBS下行链路功率控制方法。该方法应用斯坦克尔伯格博弈(SG)理论,由网络干扰控制器(NIC)担任博弈领导者,由与其连接的 FBS 作为博弈跟随者。NIC 通过给 FBS 的功率消耗进行独立定价来最小化MUE 受到的干扰。在各自的定价下,FBS 以非合作博弈方式最大化自己的效用。本文证明了该博弈存在唯一的斯坦克尔伯格均衡(SE),并提出了一种分布式定价和功率控制迭代算法。最后证明了该算法的收敛性。仿真表明,相比非合作博弈的纳什均衡(NE),该算法能使 FBS对 MUE产生的干扰降低约20 dBm,并能提高整体网络的功率效率。 相似文献
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Xiaocheng Wang Qiaoni Han Xinping Guan Kai Ma 《International Journal of Communication Systems》2015,28(1):19-37
Femtocell technology has been drawing considerable attention as a cost‐effective means of improving cellular coverage and capacity. However, under co‐channel deployment, femtocell system in dense environment may incur high uplink interference to existing macrocells and experiences strong inter‐cell interference at the same time. To manage the uplink interference to macrocell, as well as the inter‐cell interference, this paper proposes a price‐based uplink interference management scheme for dense femtocell systems. Specifically, on the one hand, to guarantee the macrocell users' quality of service, the macrocell base station prices the interference from femtocell users (FUEs) subject to a maximum tolerable interference power constraint. On the other hand, the inter‐cell interference is also taken into consideration. Moreover, a Stackelberg game model is adopted to jointly study the utility maximization of the macrocell base station and FUEs. Then, in order to reduce the amount of information exchange, we design a distributed power allocation algorithm for FUEs. In addition, admission control is adopted to protect the active FUEs' performance. Numerical results show that the price‐based interference management scheme is effective. Meanwhile, it is shown that the distributed power allocation combined with admission control is capable of robustly protecting the performance of all the active FUEs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Adnan Shahid Saleem Aslam Hyung Seok Kim Kyung‐Geun Lee 《Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies》2015,26(2):216-230
Femtocell is a technology that contributes towards the escalation of coverage as well as throughput. By virtue of uncertain deployment of femtocells, self‐organisation is a viable solution for resource allocation. In this study, we are projecting a docitive Q‐learning (DQL) paradigm for joint resource allocation and power control (JRAPC). Moreover, the proposed learning paradigm is compared with independent Q‐learning for the same JRAPC problem. In the proposed DQL paradigm, femto base stations, which are agents, learn the strategies by exploiting Q‐learning and share their learned strategies with their neighbours. Concerning the shared channel environment, the problem function is formulated as the maximisation of femtocell capacity while maintaining the quality of service requirement of the macrousers. The impact of the proposed DQL paradigm is investigated on system capacity and femtocell capacity. Furthermore, comparison is carried out with the considered independent learning paradigm in terms of convergence, min‐max capacity and the effect of femtocell density. Also, the fairness index is computed to have further insight. The results illustrate that DQL‐based JRAPC outperforms its counterpart. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Future heterogeneous networks with dense cell deployment may cause high intercell interference. A number of interference coordination (IC) approaches have been proposed to reduce intercell interference. For dense small‐cell deployment with high intercell interference between cells, traditional forward link IC approaches intended to improve edge user throughput for best effort traffic (ie, file transfer protocol download), may not necessarily improve quality of service performance for delay‐sensitive traffic such as voice over long‐term evolution traffic. This study proposes a dynamic, centralized joint IC approach to improve forward link performance for delay‐sensitive traffic on densely deployed enterprise‐wide long‐term evolution femtocell networks. This approach uses a 2‐level scheme: central and femtocell. At the central level, the algorithm aims to maximize network utility (the utility‐based approach) and minimize network outage (the graphic‐based approach) by partitioning the network into clusters and conducting an exhaustive search for optimized resource allocation solutions among femtocells (femto access points) within each cluster. At the femtocell level, in contrast, the algorithm uses existing static approaches, such as conventional frequency reuse (ReUse3) or soft frequency reuse (SFR) to further improve user equipment quality of service performance. This combined approach uses utility‐ and graphic‐based SFR and ReUse3 (USFR/GSFR and UReUse3/GReUse3, respectively). The cell and edge user throughput of best effort traffic and the packet loss rate of voice over long‐term evolution traffic have been characterized and compared using both the proposed and traditional IC approaches. 相似文献