基于噪声功率估计的抗窄带干扰接收机自适应PN码捕获技术

在存在强窄带干扰条件下,正确实现伪码捕获是抗干扰接收机的关键技术之一。变换域干扰检测与PN码捕获判决都需要估计接收机背景噪声功率,本文在变换域谱线幅度平方服从指数分布假设下,利用中位数估计理论对存在窄带干扰接收信号的背景噪声功率进行估计,实现干扰检测门限和PN码捕获判决门限的自适应设置。仿真结果表明,文中设计的检测装置可实现强窄带干扰、大动态范围接收机PN码的正确捕获。     

一种快速的PN码同步捕获方法

针对直扩系统中长PN码同步捕获速度慢的问题,利用推导的串接短PN码与长PN码具有相似相关性的结论,对直扩系统中PN码同步捕获的并行匹配滤波捕获方法进行改进,得到了简单可行的串并结合捕获方法。然后,结合一个周期内PN码相关值,采用迭代的方式,选取简单、实用的自适应门限,实现了突发通信中PN码的快速同步捕获。采用该自适应门限的捕获方法无需估计噪声,计算量小。仿真实验表明所提方法捕获概率高,抗噪性能强。     

采用多相关峰值的PN码频域匹配滤波捕获实现方法

现有的伪噪声(PN)码捕获算法大多是基于相关峰值进行门限判决,而捕获性能依赖于门限实时估计的正确性。针对这种情况,该文提出了一种利用多次PN码相关峰值位置间的相互关系进行判决的算法,避免了对信道噪声的实时估计,并给出了基于频域匹配滤波的实现方法和算法复杂度分析,推导了所提算法的检测概率和虚警概率,并且使用计算机仿真验证了推导结果的正确性;结果表明,所提算法避免了噪声估计的开销,增强了PN码捕获的鲁棒性,提高了捕获性能,适合工程应用。      

DSSS系统PN码捕获的相关峰优化及自适应门限检测

针对直接扩频系统的PN码捕获问题提出了一种基于恒虚警概率自适应门限算法的改进方案。方案通过将相邻两个符号长度内接收信号的相关峰值及平均能量对应相乘构造出新的统计量,并用随噪声能量及信噪比变化的自适应门限代替原有的固定门限判决统计量,以达到提高系统检测性能的目的。理论分析和仿真结果表明,改进方案较原方案的PN码捕获性能有很大的提高。     

智能天线辅助的PN 码同步捕获新方法研究

为有效解决强干扰环境下长PN 码的同步捕获问题,研究了基于自适应滤波器的PN 码同步捕获方法,给出了基于自适应滤波器权矢量范数的同步捕获判决准则,与传统的基于均方误差的判决相比,这种方法可以大幅提高判决的正确概率。在此基础上,研究了智能天线权值与PN 码同步联合捕获算法,并对其性能进行了计算机仿真验证,结果表明这种空时联合的捕获算法可以有效实现低SINR 环境下的长PN 码捕获。     

一种PN码捕获自适应门限检测技术

设计一种针对基于FFT的PN码捕获自适应限技术,对高斯环境下信号统计特性进行了推导,得出了适用于恒需警概率自适应门限算法的统计量,并用最大似然准则对统计量进行参数估计.最后仿真验证表明,该方法适合在低信噪比环境下完成PN码捕获.     

两级相干累加伪码捕获算法的FPGA实现

针对现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现的伪码捕获算法中存在逻辑资源消耗大、频率估计精度差、判决门限计算复杂等问题,首先提出利用直接II型匹配滤波器结构实现第一级相关运算,做到逻辑资源与计算时间之间的平衡;然后提出利用线性调频Z变换(CZT)代替离散傅里叶变换(DFT)实现第二级相干累加,提高了频率估计精度并减小了频谱泄露;最后通过对判决量进行统计分析,给出了判决门限的自适应设置方法,并验证了其有效性。     

一种PN码自适应捕获门限的改进算法

文献[1]提出了一种用于直扩系统的PN码自适应门限算法。但该文献也指出,此算法对门限总数十分敏感。当门限总数设置不当时,系统的平均捕获时间将显著增加。这限制了该算法在实际中的应用。本文就此提出了改进,给出了算法及电路框图。仿真结果表明,与原方案相比,改进算法改善了对门限总数的敏感性,降低了PN码平均捕获时间。     

DS/SS码捕获中门限设置准则的选择

比较了在DS/SS接收机的扩频码捕获过程中,在单径加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)无衰落信道环境下,利用匹配滤波器(MF)捕获方法,采取不同门限设置准则时的捕获性能。衡量扩频码捕获性能的主要参数有平均捕获时间(T_(MA))和给定观测时间间隔内的捕获概率(P_(acq))。为了获得最小T_(MA)的或者最大的P_(acq),门限设置准则分别采取门限比较判决准则和择大判决准则。最后给出数据仿真结果,并对结果进行讨论,得出各种门限设置准则的应用环境。     

一种直接序列扩频数字接收机的研制

介绍了一种基于Xilinx公司的FPGA(Spartan2 XC2S200)和TI公司的DSP TMS320VC5410设计的直接序列扩频接收机.对PN码的捕获,采取了一种门限自适应控制的双积分滑动相关捕获方法,既大大节省了FPGA的硬件设计资源,又能使PN码的平均捕获时间足够小.经实验测试,该系统各参数完全达到设计要求.     

Dynamic node activation in networks of rechargeable sensors

We consider a network of rechargeable sensors, deployed redundantly in a random sensing environment, and address the problem of how sensor nodes should be activated dynamically so as to maximize a generalized system performance objective. The optimal sensor activation problem is a very difficult decision question, and under Markovian assumptions on the sensor discharge/recharge periods, it represents a complex semi-Markov decision problem. With the goal of developing a practical, distributed but efficient solution to this complex, global optimization problem, we first consider the activation question for a set of sensor nodes whose coverage areas overlap completely. For this scenario, we show analytically that there exists a simple threshold activation policy that achieves a performance of at least 3/4 of the optimum over all possible policies. We extend this threshold policy to a general network setting where the coverage areas of different sensors could have partial or no overlap with each other, and show by simulations that the performance of our policy is very close to that of the globally optimal policy. Our policy is fully distributed, and requires the sensor nodes to only keep track of the node activation states in its immediate neighborhood. We also consider the effects of spatial correlation on the performance of the threshold activation policy, and the choice of the optimal threshold.     

Modeling of code acquisition process in CDMA networks-asynchronoussystems

In this paper, we discuss modeling of the serial code acquisition process in a code division multiple access (CDMA) network. Due to multiple access interference (MAI), the process is characterized by a different probability of signal detection P_D and probability of a false alarm P_FA in each cell of the code delay uncertainty region. We derive exact expressions for average code acquisition time and its variance. In addition to this, we also present several useful approximations, which enable easy engineering use of these results for practical applications in future Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) solutions. Numerical results based on this analysis are used for decision threshold optimization in code acquisition process for asynchronous CDMA networks     

Error-rate floor in optical ASK heterodyne systems caused by nonzero (semiconductor) laser linewidth

Using a simple model to account for the effects of non-negligible linewidths for the transmitter and local oscillator lasers in a heterodyne ASK system, we show that there is an error probability floor which is a function of the IF bandwidth and the relative decision threshold level. We describe the physical reason for this behaviour and present some calculated results for total error probability in terms of signal power, IF linewidth and bandwidth, and threshold setting. The implications of this `floor? for practical receiver design are discussed.     

Statistical analysis of decision threshold for parallel acquisitionwith reference filtering in Rician fading channel

Statistical analysis of the decision threshold for parallel PN code acquisition in a Rician fading channel is presented. It is shown that in the performance analysis of the acquisition system with reference filtering, the statistical evaluation of the decision threshold seems more appropriate than the approximation of the decision threshold     

Adaptive Spectrum Sensing Algorithm in Cognitive Ultra-wideband Systems

Energy detection is a simple spectrum sensing technique that compares the energy in the received signal with a threshold to determine whether a primary user signal is present or not. Setting the threshold is very important to the performance of the spectrum sensing. This paper proposes an adaptive spectrum sensing algorithm where an optimal decision threshold of energy detection is derived based on minimizing the weighted sum of probabilities of detection and false alarm. Since the optimal decision threshold is dependent on the noise power and signal power, a simple, practical frequency domain approach is devised to estimate both. The algorithm can be used for the detection of various kinds of signals without any prior knowledge of the signal, channel or noise power, and is able to adapt to noise fluctuation. Simulations for detecting narrow-band and wideband signals (phase shift keying signal, frequency shift keying signal, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal) and ultra-wideband (UWB) signals (direct sequence spread spectrum signals) in an IEEE 802.15.3a UWB band are presented. The results show that the proposed algorithm has excellent robustness to noise uncertainty and outperforms the existing spectrum sensing algorithms in the literature.     

基于自适应门限的变换域抗干扰方法及其FPGA实现

变换域处理是一种简单实用的抗干扰方法,其FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)实现具有非常重要的实际意义。影响系统性能的一个关键因素是干扰抑制算法的选择。文中首先分析了采用自适应门限的阈值算法的门限确定方法,然后提出了一种基于模块复用的FPGA实现结构。时序仿真表明该结构能节省芯片资源,且完全能满足系统的实时性。     

Effects of cell correlations in a matched-filter PN codeacquisition for direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems

Rapid pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition with matched-filter correlators has been very popular in direct-sequence (DS) spread-spectrum systems. Conventionally, the analysis of this acquisition method is based on the assumption that the detections among cells are independent. However, there may be strong correlations among cell detections for the case that the cell size is less than a chip duration. In this paper, the mean acquisition time performance of the acquisition method is analyzed with the cell correlations being taken into account. Numerical results show that depending on the threshold value and other system parameters, the effect of cell correlations may be over 20% of the mean acquisition time for signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of practical interest. The analytical results are substantiated by computer simulations     

A technique to improve the performance of serial, matched-filter acquisition in direct-sequence spread-spectrum packet radio communications

In this paper, we examine a simple method to improve the performance of serial, matched-filter acquisition in direct-sequence spread-spectrum packet radio communications. Each packet transmission includes an acquisition preamble, and the preamble sequence is changed at the boundaries of predefined time epochs based on a pseudorandom sequence generator. It is shown in previous work that the presence of an intermediate-frequency filter and the characteristics of the automatic gain-control subsystem lead to a probability of not acquiring that is a nonmonotonic function of the signal-to-noise ratio if the acquisition algorithm uses a threshold-crossing detector with a fixed threshold. The acquisition algorithm presented in this paper employs an estimator to adaptively select the acquisition threshold for each test statistic. It is shown that this technique reduces the severity of the nonmonotonicity and substantially improves the acquisition performance.     

Effects of multiple threshold values in double dwell DS-SS codeacquisition systems

We describe a decision method using multiple threshold values for direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) code acquisition systems. We apply this technique to a conventional double dwell serial search algorithm and analyze it in terms of mean code acquisition time. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the conventional one by 0.2-0.5 sec with respect to the mean code acquisition time because multiple threshold values mitigate the possible decline in search performance caused by the use of a single threshold