同步辐射光电子能谱研究Au/CdZnTe的接触势垒

采用分子束外延的方法在理想清洁的CdZnTe表面蒸金,获得了Au/CdZnTe肖特基接触.采用同步辐射光电子能谱研究了Au与CdZnTe(110)和(111)A面的肖特基接触势垒.实验测得Au与CdZnTe(110)和(111)A面的接触势垒分别为0.738和0.566eV.运用金属感应隙态模型(MIGS)对实验结果进行了分析和解释.     

同步辐射光电子能谱研究Au/CdZnTe的接触势垒

采用分子束外延的方法在理想清洁的CdZnTe表面蒸金,获得了Au/CdZnTe肖特基接触.采用同步辐射光电子能谱研究了Au与CdZnTe(110)和(111)A面的肖特基接触势垒.实验测得Au与CdZnTe(110)和(111)A面的接触势垒分别为0.738和0.566eV.运用金属感应隙态模型(MIGS)对实验结果进行了分析和解释.     

高性能SiC整流二极管研究

在n型4H-SiC单晶导电衬底上制备了具有MPS(merged p-i-n Schottky diode)结构和JTE(junction termination extension)结构的肖特基势垒二极管。通过高温离子注入及相应的退火工艺,进行了区域性p型掺杂,形成了高真空电子束蒸发Ni/Pt/Au复合金属制备肖特基接触,衬底溅射Ti W/Au并合金做欧姆接触,采用场板和JTE技术减小高压电场集边效应。该器件具有良好的正向整流特性和较高的反向击穿电压。反向击穿电压可以达到1300V,开启电压约为0.7V,理想因子为1.15,肖特基势垒高度为0.93eV,正向电压3.0V时,电流密度可以达到700A/cm2。     

n-GaN肖特基势垒紫外光探测器的电子辐照效应

研究了n型Au/GaN肖特基势垒紫外光探测器的电子辐照失效机理.从实验中观测到,随着电子辐照注量的不断增加,Au/GaN间辐照诱生的界面态引起器件的击穿电压明显减小,反向漏电流逐渐增大.辐照诱生的深能级缺陷导致紫外光探测器对较长波长光的吸收,使得UV探测器中可见光成分的背景噪声增加.同时,对辐照后的GaN肖特基紫外光探测器进行了100℃以下的退火处理,退火后,器件的电流-电压特性有所改善.     

势垒层对黑硅光电探测器性能影响的研究

讨论势垒层Si3N4的引入对黑硅光电探测器光电性能的影响。探测器采用金属一半导体一金属（MSM）器件结构在黑硅层和电极间增加一层势垒层以提高肖特基势垒,从而减低器件的暗电流。实验表明,在相同的光照情况下,有势垒层的探测器暗电流比无势垒层的探测器暗电流至少低1个数量级,且势垒层厚度增加30nm其暗电流降低约1个数量级,而...     

Ti/4H-SiC SBD中子辐照效应的研究

采用1 MeV的中子对Ti/4H-SiC肖特基势垒二极管(SBD)的辐照效应进行研究,观察了常温下的退火效应.实验的最高中子剂量为1×1015 n/cm2,对应的γ射线累积总剂量为33 kGy (Si).经过1×1014 n/cm2的辐照后,Ti/SiC肖特基接触没有明显退化;剂量达到2.5×1014 n/cm2后,观察到势垒高度下降;剂量达到1×1015 n/cm2后,势垒高度从1.00 eV下降为0.93eV;经过常温下19 h的退火后,势垒高度有所恢复,表明肖特基接触的辐照损伤主要是由电离效应造成的.辐照后,器件的理想因子较辐照前有所上升;器件的正向电流(VF=2V)随着辐照剂量的上升而下降.     

退火温度对Au/Ti/4H-SiC肖特基接触特性的影响

采用电子束蒸发法在4H-SiC表面制备了Ti/Au肖特基电极,研究了退火温度对Au/Ti/4H-SiC肖特基接触电学特性的影响.对比分析了不同退火温度下样品的电流密度-电压(J-V)和电容-电压(C-V)特性曲线,实验结果表明退火温度为500℃时Au/Ti/4H-SiC肖特基势垒高度最大,在.J-V测试和C-V测试中分别达到0.933 eV和1.447 eV,且获得理想因子最小值为1.053,反向泄漏电流密度也实现了最小值1.97×10-8 A/cm2,击穿电压达到最大值660 V.对退火温度为500℃的Au/Ti/4H-SiC样品进行J-V变温测试.测试结果表明,随着测试温度的升高,肖特基势垒高度不断升高而理想因子不断减小,说明肖特基接触界面仍然存在缺陷或者横向不均匀性,高温下的测试进一步证明肖特基接触界面还有很大的改善空间.     

大束流离子注入形成CoSi2/Si肖特基结电学特性

文中研究了使用大束流金属离子注入形成的CoSi2/Si肖特基结的特性。肖特基结由离子注入和快速热退火两步工艺形成。Co离子注入剂量为3×1017ion/cm2,注入电压25kV。快速热退火温度为850°C,时间为1min。应用I-V和C-V测量进行参数提取。I-V分析得到势垒高度约为0.64eV,理想因子为1.11,C-V分析得到势垒为0.72eV。最后依据实验结果对工艺提出了改进意见。     

凹栅槽AlGaN/GaN HEMTs器件退火处理效应

研究了如何减小等离子体干法刻蚀导致的大肖特基漏电.用X射线光电能谱(XPS)分析刻蚀前后的AlGaN表面,发现刻蚀后AlGaN表面出现了N窄位,导致肖特基栅电流偏离热电子散射模型,N空位做为一种缺陷使得肖特基结的隧穿几率增大,反向漏电增大,肖特基势垒降低.介绍了一种AlGaN/GaN HEMTs器件退火处理方法,优化退火条件为400℃,Nz氛围退火10min.退火后,栅金属中的Ni与Ga原子反应从而减少N空穴造成的缺陷,器件肖特基反向漏电减小三个量级,正向开启电压升高,理想因子从3.07降低到了2.08.     

凹栅槽AlGaN/GaN HEMTs器件退火处理效应

研究了如何减小等离子体干法刻蚀导致的大肖特基漏电. 用X射线光电能谱（XPS）分析刻蚀前后的AlGaN表面,发现刻蚀后AlGaN表面出现了N空位,导致肖特基栅电流偏离热电子散射模型,N空位做为一种缺陷使得肖特基结的隧穿几率增大,反向漏电增大,肖特基势垒降低. 介绍了一种AlGaN/GaN HEMTs器件退火处理方法,优化退火条件为400℃, N2氛围退火10min. 退火后,栅金属中的Ni与Ga原子反应从而减少N空穴造成的缺陷,器件肖特基反向漏电减小三个量级,正向开启电压升高,理想因子从3.07降低到了2.08.     

Low leakage nearly ideal Schottky barriers to n-InP

Au Schottky barriers incorporating an interfacial native oxide have been formed on n type InP. Depending on oxide thickness and annealing conditions these devices exhibit high barrier heights, ?B > 0.75 eV, ideality factors n as low as 1.04 and very low saturation current densities <~ 10?7 Acm?2.     

Characteristics of Au/n-InP Schottky junctions formed on H2- and PH3-plasma treated surfaces

Characteristics of An/n-InP Schottky junctions formed onn-InP treated with hydrogen (H₂)-and phosphine (PH₃)-plasmas have been investigated. An enhancement of the barrier height up to 0.7 eV or more is observed for Schottky junctions processed sequentially with plasma treatment, laboratory air oxidation and Au evaporation. From the measurement of Schottky junctions formed by in-situ metallization immediately after H₂-plasma treatment, it is found that laboratory air oxidation permits an increase in the barrier height by about 0.1 eV. The annealing experiment of Schottky junctions treated with plasma reveals that the substantial part of the barrier height enhancement is caused by release of the Fermi level pinning due to hydrogen passivation of surface defects. Although both H₂- and PH₃-plasmas are effective in enhancing the barrier height, PH₃-plasma is preferable in respect to minimizing plasma-induced damage. In the case of H₂-plasma treatment deep electron traps with activation energies of 0.21 and 0.51 eV below the conduction band are generated at and/or near the surface of InP, while these traps are not detected after PH₃-plasma treatment.     

Annealing temperature effect on electrical and structural properties of Cu/Au Schottky contacts to n-type GaN

Schottky contacts were fabricated on n-type GaN using a Cu/Au metallization scheme, and the electrical and structural properties have been investigated as a function of annealing temperature by current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The extracted Schottky barrier height of the as-deposited contact was found to be 0.69 eV (I-V) and 0.77 eV (C-V), respectively. However, the Schottky barrier height of the Cu/Au contact slightly increases to 0.77 eV (I-V) and 1.18 eV (C-V) when the contact was annealed at 300 °C for 1 min. It is shown that the Schottky barrier height decreases to 0.73 eV (I-V) and 0.99 eV (C-V), 0.56 eV (I-V) and 0.87 eV (C-V) after annealing at 400 °C and 500 °C for 1 min in N₂ atmosphere. Norde method was also used to extract the barrier height of Cu/Au contacts and the values are 0.69 eV for the as-deposited, 0.76 eV at 300 °C, 0.71 eV at 400 °C and 0.56 eV at 500 °C which are in good agreement with those obtained by the I-V method. Based on Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results, the formation of nitride phases at the Cu/Au/n-GaN interface could be the reason for the degradation of Schottky barrier height upon annealing at 500 °C.     

Influence of Annealing on Electrical Properties of an Organic Thin Layer-Based n-Type InP Schottky Barrier Diode

The electrical properties of a fabricated Au/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/n-InP Schottky barrier diode have been analyzed for different annealing temperatures using current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) techniques. It is observed that the Au/PMMA/n-InP structure shows excellent rectifying behavior. The extracted barrier height and ideality factor of the as-deposited Au/PMMA/n-InP Schottky contact are 0.68 eV (J–V)/0.82 eV (C–V) and 1.57, respectively. However, the barrier height (BH) of the Au/PMMA/n-InP Schottky contact increases to 0.78 eV (J–V)/0.99 eV (C–V) when the contact is annealed at 150°C for 1 min in nitrogen atmosphere. Upon annealing at 200°C, the BH value decreases to 0.72 eV (J–V)/0.90 eV (C–V) and the ideality factor increases to 1.48. The PMMA layer increases the effective barrier height of the structure by creating a physical barrier between the Au metal and the n-InP. Cheung’s functions are also used to calculate the series resistance of the Au/PMMA/n-InP structure. The interface state density (N _ss) is found to be 6.380 × 10¹² cm^?2 eV^?1 and 1.916 × 10¹² cm^?2 eV^?1 for the as-deposited and 150°C-annealed Au/PMMA/n-InP Schottky contacts, respectively. These results indicate that the interface state density and series resistance have a significant effect on the electrical characteristics of Au/PMMA/n-InP Schottky barrier devices. Finally, it is noted that the diode parameters change with increasing annealing temperature.     

Annealing temperature dependence of TiB2 schottky barrier contacts on n-GaN

The annealing temperature (25–700°C) dependence of Schottky contact characteristics on n-GaN using a TiB₂/Ti/Au metallization scheme deposited by sputtering is reported. The Schottky barrier height increased from 0.65 to 0.68 eV as the anneal temperature was varied from 25°C to 350°C and decreased to 0.55 eV after annealing at 700°C. The barrier height showed no measurable dependence on measurement temperature up to 150°C. The elemental profile obtained from samples annealed at 350°C showed limited Ti diffusion from the elemental Ti layer into the gold layer. Annealing at 700°C produced significant out-diffusion of this layer, while the TiB₂ layer retained its stability. These contacts show promise for applications requiring good thermal stability, such as power amplifiers, but much more work is needed to establish their long-term reliability. In addition, TiB₂ has a strong propensity for oxidation, and it is imperative that overlayers such as Au be deposited in the same deposition chamber.     

Schottky–ohmic transition in nickel silicide/SiC-4H system: is it really a solved problem?

The transition from Schottky to ohmic contact in the nickel silicide/SiC system during annealing from 600 to 950 °C was investigated by measuring the electrical properties of the contact and by analyzing the microstructure of the silicide/SiC interface. The graphite clusters formed by carbon atoms during silicidation are uniformly distributed into the silicide layer after annealing at 600 °C and they agglomerate into a thin layer far from the silicide/SiC interface after annealing at 950 °C. At this temperature an increase of the Schottky barrier height was measured, while deep level transient spectroscopy evidences the absence of the 0.5 eV peak related to the carbon vacancies.     

The ohmic contact formation mechanism of Au/Pt/Pd ohmic contact to p-ZnTe

The ohmic contact formation mechanism and the role of Pt layer of Au(500Å) Pt(500Å)/Pd(100Å) ohmic contact to p-ZnTe were investigated. The specific contact resistance of Au/Pt/Pd contact depended strongly on the annealing temperature. As the annealing temperature increased, the specific contact resistance decreased and reached a minimum value of 6×10^?6 Θcm² at 200°C. From the Hall measurement, the hole concentration increased with the annealing temperature and reached a maximum value of 2.3×10¹⁹ cm^?3 at 300°C. The Schottky barrier height decreased with the increase of annealing temperature and reached a minimum value of 0.34 eV at 200°C and it was due to the interfacial reaction of Pd and ZnTe. Therefore, the decrease of contact resistance was due to the increase of doping concentration as well as the decrease of Schottky barrier height by the interfacial reaction of Pd ZnTe. The specific contact resistances of Au Pd, Au/Pt/Pd and Au/Mo/Pd as a function of annealing time was investigated to clarify the role of Pt layer.     

Schottky barrier heights of n-type and p-type Al0.48In0.52As

The authors report electrical measurements on four different metal contacts which formed Schottky barriers to lightly doped complementary n- and p-type Al_0.48In_0.52As epitaxial material grown by molecular beam epitaxy on semi-insulating InP substrates. The Schottky contact metals studied were Au, Al, Pt, and tri-layer Ti/Pt/Au. The Schottky barrier heights varied from 0.560 eV for Al on n-type AlInAs to 0.905 eV for Al on p-type AlInAs, with intermediate values for the other metals studied. The sum of n- and p-type Schottky barrier heights for each metal contact ranged from 1.440 to 1.465 eV, in good agreement with the accepted Al_0.48In_0.52As bandgap value of 1.45 eV     

Thermal stability of Re Schottky contacts to 6H-SiC

The thermal stability of a 100-nm thick sputter-deposited Re film as contact to 6H-SiC was studied by backscattering spectrometry and by measurements of the forward current-voltage (I-V) characteristic. The initial Schottky barrier height of 0.71 eV and ideality factor of 1.6 change after 2 h of annealing in vacuum at 700/spl deg/C to 1.04 eV and 1.1, respectively. They remain stable after annealing for additional 2 h at that same temperature. The initial change is attributed to a recovery of sputter damage in the SiC. The observed stability of the Schottky barrier is attributed to the thermodynamic stability of Re with SiC, as confirmed by the unchanging backscattering depth profiles. After annealing at 900/spl deg/C, the Schottky barrier becomes unstable although no interaction between the Re film and the SiC substrate is detectable in the depth profiles.