用于远红外探测的Si:P阻挡杂质带红外探测器研制

提出了全外延技术方案制备阻挡杂质带薄膜,避免了离子注入制备背电极层影响外延薄膜质量的技术难点.基于硅器件工艺设计制作了Si:P阻挡杂质带红外探测器.测量了器件的光电流响应谱和暗电流特性曲线,指认了叠加在光电流响应谱上的尖锐杂质峰对应阻挡层中磷原子的杂质跃迁.研究了器件在低温下小偏压范围内的暗电流起源.通过对计算结果分析,排除了该区域暗电流起源于热激发电导和跳跃式电导的可能,指出暗电流来自器件对冷屏的光电响应.器件工作温度5 K,工作偏压1.6 V时,响应波段覆盖2.5~40μm,峰值波长28.8μm,峰值响应率20.1 A/W,峰值探测率3.7×1013cm·Hz1/2/W(背景光子通量低于1013ph/cm2·s).     

可用于多波段融合的超结构/阻挡杂质带复合结构探测器（特邀）

太赫兹辐射是指频率在30 μm~1 mm范围内的电磁波,具有穿透性强、安全性高、特征性强及定向性好等特点,因此,太赫兹技术在天文观测、安全监控、物质鉴定及生物医学等领域具有广阔的应用前景。阻挡杂质带探测器具有灵敏度高、阵列规模大、探测谱段宽等核心优势,是太赫兹辐射探测的优良选择。阻挡杂质带探测器目前主要采用三种材料体系,分别为Si、Ge、GaAs。基于这三种材料体系的阻挡杂质带探测器可实现在3~500 μm的超宽波段探测。超结构是由亚波长结构单元构成人工复合结构,在光电探测器上引入超结构,利用等离激元共振、偶极共振调控特性,可以将电磁场能量强烈的局域在金属/探测器界面位置。因此,超结构与阻挡杂质带结合,可有效调控探测峰位、缩小探测峰半高宽、强化光谱分辨能力,并有望大规模应用于3~500 μm的多波段融合探测。同时,超结构与阻挡杂质带探测器结合,可进一步提高器件响应率,减小器件尺寸,降低工艺难度。文中简要叙述了阻挡杂质带探测器的工作机理,介绍了国内外阻挡杂质带探测器的研究历史及研究现状。最后,在探测器波段调控、光谱分辨、增强吸收等角度详细介绍了Si、Ge、GaAs基超结构/阻挡杂质带复合结构探测器的研究现状,并结合目前该技术发展瓶颈问题,在高纯材料生长、光场局域效应机理研究等方面提出了下一步的研究展望。     

硅基阻挡杂质带太赫兹探测器及其成像研究

太赫兹探测及成像技术是推动太赫兹科学技术发展的基础和关键.为了实现高灵敏太赫兹探测及成像,设计了一种台面型硅基阻挡杂质带太赫兹探测器,详细介绍了其结构及探测机理,描述了其制备工艺流程,并搭建了黑体响应测试系统.结果表明,4.2K温度条件下,3.8V工作偏压时,探测器峰值响应率可达55A/W,响应频段覆盖6.7～60THz.此外,搭建了一套两维扫描成像系统,实现了高分辨率被动成像.实验结果表明,成像系统空间分辨率可达400μm、温度分辨率约为7.5mK.     

热电制冷HgCdTe中波红外探测器的研制

利用碲镉汞(HgCdTe)体晶材料,采用HgCdTe材料拼接技术、磨抛技术等成熟的探测器芯片制备工艺以及三级热电制冷技术,设计并研制出了热电制冷型13元HgCdTe中波红外光导探测器。在-50℃时,峰值电压响应率可达2.7×104 V/W,峰值探测率达到2.3×1010 cm·Hz1/2·W-1,响应波段在3.0~4.6mm之间,峰值响应波长为4.2mm。     

基于CMOS工艺的双层非制冷热敏电阻型红外探测器

采用0.5μm标准CMOS工艺和微机械加工工艺,设计并制作了低成本双层非制冷热敏电阻型红外探测器。探测器采用隐藏桥腿式微桥结构,使用表面牺牲层技术实现,其中包括Al、W和Si3种牺牲层材料。CMOS工艺加工完成后,双层微桥结构的微机械加工过程只需进行湿法腐蚀即可,成本较低。对双层红外探测器的热性能和光电特性进行测试,其热导为1.96×10-5 W/K,热容为2.23×10-8 J/K,热时间常数为1.14ms。当红外辐射调制频率为10Hz时,双层红外探测器的电压响应率为2.54×104 V/W,探测率为1.6×108 cm·Hz1/2/W。     

用CMOS工艺方法制作的低成本非致冷红外探测器（上）

本文介绍用标准的 n 阱 CMOS 工艺方法实现的两种低成本非致冷红外微测辐射热计探测器，并对它们的性能进行了比较，其中一种探测器基于悬置式 n 阱电阻器，它是用0.8μm 的 CMOS 工艺方法制作的，其像元尺寸为80μm×80μm,占空因数为13%；另一种探测器基于悬置的p~+激活/n 阱二极管，这是用0.35μm 的 CMOS 工艺方法制作的，其像元尺寸为 40μm×40μm，占空因数为44%,在 CMOS 制作之后，这些探测器用简单的整体微机械加工方法即可获得，无需任何复杂的平版印刷或者淀积工序，在20μA 的偏置电流和'80毫乇的真空条件下，测得的二极管型探测器的响应率(π)为4970V/W，热时间常数为35.8ms，在带宽为4kHz 时，测得的均方根噪声为0.52μV，结果其探测率(D~#)为9.7×10~8cmHz~1/2/W.与二极管型探测器相比，电阻器型 n 阱探测器在1.68V 的偏压下能达到同样的直流响应率，但其自热却10倍于二极管型探测器，在带宽为4kHz 时，这种探测器的均方根噪声为0.81μV，由此得出的探测率(D~*)为8.9×10~8cmHz~1/2/W。如果给电阻器型 n 阱探测器施加更高的偏压，其探测率还可提高，但其自热会更高，由于二极管型探测器在像元尺寸较小和所加偏压更低的情况下仍具有比较高的响应率，因此更适用于低成本大规格红外探测器列     

近表面加工技术制备的高性能Ge:B 阻挡杂质带探测器

阻挡杂质带（BIB）探测器是当前远红外天文探测领域的主流探测器。通过近表面加工技术成功制备出了高性能的Ge:B BIB探测器,响应波数范围从50 cm^-1到400 cm^-1。在3.5 K温度和30 mV工作电压下,器件在峰值响应84.9 cm^-1处的响应率达到21.46 A·W^-1,探测率达到4.34×10¹⁴cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1。研究了BIB探测器中界面势垒对响应光谱的影响。提出了一种新的激发模式—电极区内的载流子可以通过光激发的方式越过势垒。此外,还发现了一种增强BIB探测器在小波数处相对响应强度的方法。     

一种具有高填充因子吸收层和低失调低噪声读出电路的红外探测系统

使用红外探测器及读出电路,研制成功非制冷红外探测系统.探测器用二极管作为温度传感器,使其与集成电路工艺相兼容.采用了新的器件结构,使得填充因子从20%提高到80%.器件的微机械结构面积为35μm×35μm.读出电路的失调电压为3μV.探测器的输出噪声为2μV.探测器的电压响应率为7 894.7 V/W,黑体探测率D*为1.56×109cmHz1/2/W,噪声等效温差为330 mK,响应时间为27 ms.     

"风云二号"卫星用水汽/热红外双波段探测器

报导了我国第一颗静止气象卫星"风云二号"卫星多通道扫描辐射计中使用的水汽/热红外双波段6.3～7.6μm、10.5～12.5μm四元碲镉汞红外探测器性能.探测器工作温度T=100K时,热红外波段探测率D*(10.5～12.5)为3.4×1010cmHz1/2/W,波段响应率R(10.5～12.5)为3.0×104(V/W);水汽波段探测率D*(6.3～7.6)为1.1×1011cmHz1/2/W,波段响应率R(6.3～7.6)为6.1×104(V/W).探测器经过环境应力筛选,密封筛选,电应力筛选,抗太阳辐照试验,电子、质子辐照试验以及高真空、低温工作寿命试验,获得了探测器可靠性寿命数据,器件失效率小于7.5×10-6/h.     

基于超薄钽酸锂晶体材料高响应太赫兹探测器

太赫兹(Thz)探测器工作在室温条件下极大地促进了太赫兹科学与技术的应用。超薄(10μm)钽酸锂(LiTaO3)晶片被用作太赫兹探测器敏感元材料。基于钽酸锂晶片太赫兹探测器在2.52 THz激光辐射源照射下, 20Hz斩波频率时响应率可达到8.38×104V/W, 等效噪声功率NEP)可达到1.26×10-10W。这种加工超薄钽酸锂晶片的方法为制备高响应率太赫兹探测器提供了一个可行的方法。     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.     

High-quality single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons and their optical properties

Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons is achieved by a modified thermal evaporation method, in which two-step-thermal-evaporation is used to control CdSe sources＇ evaporation. The synthesized CdSe nanoribbons are usually several micrometers in width, 50 nm in thickness, and tens to several hundred micrometers in length. Studies have shown that high-quality CdSe nanoribbons with regular shapes can be obtained by this method. Room-temperature photolumines-cence indicates that the lasing emission at 710 nm has been observed under optical pumping （266 nm） at power densities of 25-153 kW/cm^2. The full width half maximum （FWHM） of the lasing mode is 0.67 nm     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.     

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.     

Call for Papers

正Communications—VLSI Researches and industries of telecommunications have been growing rapidly in the last 20 years and will keep their high growing pace in the next decade.The involved researches and developments cover mobile communications,highway and last-mile broadband communication,domain specific communications,and emerging D2D M2M communications.Radio communication steps into its