西藏某石英脉型金矿选矿试验研究

西藏某石英脉金矿主要载金矿物为银金矿,嵌布粒度较细且不均匀,金品位3.22g/t,为主要回收元素,银品位19.50g/t,为可综合回收元素。针对矿石性质,采用浮选-浮选尾矿氰化浸出联合工艺流程对矿石中的金进行回收。经一粗一精二扫、中矿顺序返回的闭路浮选流程,可获得浮选金精矿含金95.81g/t、金回收率84.34%的指标;浮选尾矿进行氰化浸出,金作业浸出率为79.31%,对原矿回收率为12.42%。联合工艺最终获得金总回收率96.76%的指标。其中浮选金精矿中银品位为407.01g/t、金尾矿中银品位为5.97g/t、精矿银回收率为68.78%,氰化浸出作业中银作业浸出率为51.53%,对原矿浸出率为15.98%,银综合回收率为84.76%。     

河南某低品位含铅银矿综合回收试验研究

针对河南某低品位含铅银矿生产中存在银回收率低、精矿铅品位低的问题进行了选矿综合回收试验研究。在工艺矿物学研究的基础上,试验采用硫化浮选+氰化浸出工艺综合回收银和铅,最终获得的分选指标为:浮选精矿Ag品位7 024 g/t,Ag回收率76.00%;Pb品位13.03%,Pb回收率55.63%,铅可以计价回收。浮选尾矿进行氰化浸出后可回收16.71%的Ag,最终Ag的总回收率为92.71%。     

河北某难选银矿选冶工艺试验研究

河北省某难选银矿中银矿物种类多且嵌布特征复杂,在工艺矿物学研究基础上,通过选矿方案对比,采用浮选—浮选尾矿氰化联合工艺流程。浮选试验研究了磨矿细度、矿浆PH值、组合捕收剂丁基黄药和FZ-9538用量等条件对银回收率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件,闭路试验可获得银品位3145g/t、回收率82.52%的银精矿;浮选尾矿含银42g/t,经氰化浸出24小时后,银浸出率为65.48%,对原矿回收率11.45%,浮选加氰化总回收率93.97%。     

综合利用含锑砷金精矿关键集成技术试验研究

针对某含锑砷金精矿,通过直接氰化试验、两段焙烧氰化试验、直接氰化—浮选回收锑—浮选尾矿两段焙烧氰化试验等工艺技术进行试验研究。结果表明,采用一级直接氰化、二级氰化尾矿浮选富集锑精矿、三级为锑浮选尾矿两段焙烧氰化关键集成技术方法,含锑含砷金精矿直接氰化金、银浸出率分别为31.22%、85.19%,,氰化尾矿浮选产出锑含量为38.80%的锑精矿,精矿产率为10.50%,锑回收率达到90.94%,锑浮选尾矿采用两段焙烧氰化金、银回收率分别达到90.07%、52.70%,该关键集成技术方法使金、银、锑的综合回收率分别达到93.56%、92.99%、90.94%,显著提高了有价金属资源的综合回收效果,实现了含锑砷金精矿资源的高值化、资源化利用。     

氰化尾渣综合利用工艺分析与探讨

介绍了我国黄金矿山综合开发利用及含铜、砷浮选金精矿氰化尾渣处理的现状;分析了影响金银浸出的原因及机理。试验研究表明,通过加入混合添加剂、采用两段焙烧、氰化前加入助浸剂共磨,氰化尾渣中金、银的浸出率分别提高到82.92%和61.54%,浸渣中金、银品位分别降至0.55 g/t和30 g/t。     

某石英脉型微细粒嵌布低品位金矿石选矿试验

为了给某石英脉型微细粒嵌布低品位金矿石的开发利用提供依据,根据矿石性质,采用浮选-浮选尾矿氰化浸出-浮选精矿焙烧后氰化浸出工艺流程进行了选矿试验。结果表明：浮选-尾矿氰化浸出可获得金品位为61.88 g/t、砷含量为4.21%、金回收率为77.57%的金精矿和作业金浸出率为75.85%、对原矿金回收率为17.02%的尾矿浸出液,两者的金回收率合计达到94.59%。金精矿经焙烧预处理,焙砂砷含量降到0.38%、金品位提高到88.40 g/t;焙砂氰化浸出的作业金浸出率达93.28%、对原矿金回收率为72.36%,金精矿焙砂和浮选尾矿氰化浸出的综合金回收率为89.38%。     

复杂多金属含铜银金矿综合回收技术研究

某银多金属矿为铜、铅、银、金复杂共生的难选多金属矿,采用混合浮选—精矿氰化—氰渣优先选铅再选铜的技术方案,开展了大量试验研究工作。结果表明,在氰化浸出的过程中添加助浸剂有利于提高金和银的浸出率。在对氰渣浮选时,采用合理的活化剂对铜的活化以及提高铜的回收率十分重要。经过各个环节工艺流程及药剂制度的优化,获得了金综合回收率80.80%,银综合回收率81.32%,以及品位21.46%、综合回收率70.80%的铜精矿的回收指标,效果是明显的。     

某高硫含砷碳低品位难处理金矿选矿试验研究

某低品位金矿石原矿含金1.68 g/t,砷0.43%、碳0.40%、硫3.20%,金以显微或次显微形式浸染于毒砂、黄铁矿、褐铁矿中,具有载金矿物粒度细、砷和碳含量高等特点,是典型的低品位含砷碳极难处理 金矿石,严重影响金的浮选指标。为回收利用矿石中的金,分别进行了直接全泥氰化浸出、重选、浮选三种方案对比试验研究。结果表明,直接全泥氰化浸出率仅5%,重选金精矿回收率不足10%,浮选可获得金品位 15.04 g/t、回收率77.13%的金精矿。由于浮选金精矿含砷、碳、硫有害元素均较高,浮选尾矿含金0.42 g/t,损失较高,因此试验采用焙烧预处理以脱除金精矿和尾矿中的有害元素,然后焙砂氰化浸出回收金。最终 试验采用浮选—金精矿焙烧氰化浸出—尾矿焙烧氰化浸出联合工艺,得到金总回收率70.66%的较好指标,有效地回收了矿石中的金。     

广西某微细粒嵌布银矿选矿试验

广西某银矿石中的银矿物主要以自然银、辉银矿和硫铁银矿形式存在,其颗粒细小,属于微细粒银矿物,且与脉石关系密切,对分选不利。针对矿石性质采用了较为合理的浮选—氰化试验流程,通过1次粗选、2次扫选,在原矿银品位为179 g/t的情况下,获得了精矿银品位为2 157g/t,银回收率为89.76%,浮选精矿氰化浸出率为95.14%的较好试验指标。     

某高硫含砷碳低品位难处理金矿选矿试验研究

某低品位金矿石原矿含金1.68 g/t，砷0.43%、碳0.40%、硫3.20%，金以显微或次显微形式浸染于毒砂、黄铁矿、褐铁矿中，具有载金矿物粒度细、砷和碳含量高等特点，是典型的低品位含砷碳极难处理 金矿石，严重影响金的浮选指标。为回收利用矿石中的金，分别进行了直接全泥氰化浸出、重选、浮选三种方案对比试验研究。结果表明，直接全泥氰化浸出率仅5%，重选金精矿回收率不足10%，浮选可获得金品位 15.04 g/t、回收率77.13%的金精矿。由于浮选金精矿含砷、碳、硫有害元素均较高，浮选尾矿含金0.42 g/t，损失较高，因此试验采用焙烧预处理以脱除金精矿和尾矿中的有害元素，然后焙砂氰化浸出回收金。最终 试验采用浮选—金精矿焙烧氰化浸出—尾矿焙烧氰化浸出联合工艺，得到金总回收率70.66%的较好指标，有效地回收了矿石中的金。     

The recovery of silver from mining wastewaters using hybrid cyanidation and high-pressure membrane process

The main objective of this work was to investigate the recovery of silver from mining wastewaters using a hybrid cyanidation and high-pressure membrane process. The tested hybrid process in lab-scale experiments includes the concentration and recovery of silver by nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) after the silver is taken into solution as AgCN employing re-cyanidation and subsequent sedimentation and/or pre-filtration of wastewaters. Synthetic water experiments were conducted in this work. In synthetic water experiments (in distilled and deionized water), the soluble AgCN complex was formed after cyanidation of low-soluble AgCl particles which were added to the leach tank. Two different NF membranes and one RO membrane were tested in a lab-scale flat-sheet configuration test unit. The results indicated that although a significant amount of silver was lost on the RO membrane due to irreversible sorption, RO membrane performed better than NF membranes based on higher silver rejections, thus higher mass recoveries. Therefore, RO membrane was found to be more effective in terms of precious metal recovery and production of high quality permeate that can be reused in the leaching process. The tested hybrid cyanidation (leaching) and high-pressure membrane process in this work may be an effective approach in recovering precious metals and producing reusable water from wastes or wastewaters of mining industry.     

The novel application of ferricyanide as an oxidant in the cyanidation of gold and silver

Low gold and silver extractions have often been observed in the traditional gold–silver cyanidation process. The reactivity and availability of oxidant is a potential limitation for gold and silver dissolution in cyanide solution, especially in heap leaching operations. The oxidant reactivity seems to have more of an effect on silver extraction due to the different mineralogy of gold and silver in the ores. For example, the occurrence of silver sulfides such as acanthite (Ag₂S) typically results in low overall silver extraction which may be due to slow kinetics of oxygen reduction on the acanthite mineral. The leaching of metallic gold and silver sulfide in the novel ferricyanide–cyanide leaching medium was investigated. The potential application of ferricyanide as a supplemental oxidant in gold–silver cyanidation process was proposed and the possible reagent regeneration methods were discussed.     

复杂多金属尾矿伴生金银铁综合回收试验研究

为综合回收某复杂多金属浮选尾矿中伴生的金银铁,分别开展了磁选、全泥氰化浸出、反浮选试验研究。结果表明,优先采用强磁预选抛尾的方法对含铁矿物进行富集,再采用先回收金银后选铁的方案较好。矿石在“强磁抛尾-全泥氰化浸出-弱磁选铁-强磁选铁,磁铁精矿反浮选脱硫”的联合工艺下,金、银浸出率分别达85.32%和72.13%,并获得TFe品位为62.01%,TFe回收率为11.04%,含硫量为0.25%磁铁精矿,及TFe品位为45.30%,TFe回收率为18.54%铁精矿产品。     

基于高选择性捕收剂应用的锌浸出渣中银物相浮选回收

针对目前从锌浸出渣中回收银的技术工艺流程存在预处理复杂和回收率不高的难题,本文采用一种新的高选择性捕收剂BJX,以优化流程结构,简化药剂制度,从而进一步提高经济效益和社会效益。对国内某冶炼厂提供的含银238g/t的锌浸出渣,在矿浆浓度为38.5%的条件下,免去预处理环节,直接通过一粗两精三扫的闭路流程进行处理,可以获得含银 10075g/t,银回收率为80.17%的银精矿,较现场指标回收率提高了5个百分点。     

Simulation study of the optimal distribution of cyanide in a gold leaching circuit

The mineral industry has been using cyanidation to recover gold from ores for more than a century; however, a systematic study of the best reactant addition strategy in a cascade of agitated leaching tanks is not available in the open literature. A phenomenological mathematical model of the gold cyanidation process, calibrated with a set of industrial data from an Australian plant, together with an economic performance index is used to analyze this problem. The simulated results show that the best compromise between the two antagonistic effects, cyanide consumption and gold recovery, which are both function of cyanide concentrations, leads to a reagent distribution that depends on the leaching and cyanide consumption kinetics, pulp feed characteristics, and economic factors such as the gold market value. For the specific studied plant, in the operating range of low cyanide consumption and fast gold dissolution, all the cyanide must be added in the first tank; however, in the operating conditions of high cyanide consumption, cyanide has to be distributed in the first, second and third tanks.     

焙烧方式对含砷金精矿中金、银浸出率的影响

某含砷金精矿中金矿物嵌布粒度较细,金主要以硫化物(黄铁矿、毒砂)包裹金形式存在。采用焙烧预处理-氰化浸出工艺,研究了一段焙烧、两段焙烧和添加剂焙烧对氰化浸出的影响。结果表明,采用常规一段、两段焙烧方式,金浸出率均未达到90%,银浸出率低于50%; 添加剂焙烧效果显著,在焙烧温度650 ℃、时间1.0 h、添加剂用量NaXY 100 kg/t+YC-1 20 kg/t的条件下,金浸出率达到93.56%,银浸出率达62.45%。     

河南某难处理金矿石选冶工艺对比研究

针对河南某难处理金矿石品位低、黄铁矿含量高、部分载金硫化物氧化严重,以及金嵌布粒度极细的特点,开展了详尽的浮选及全泥氰化浸出试验。试验结果表明：采用浮选工艺,所得精矿的金品位和金回收率仅为18.72 g/t和72.55%;而采用全泥氰化浸出工艺,在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占90%,矿浆液固比为2∶1,加石灰调浆5 h使矿浆pH值稳定在11.5左右,氰化钠用量为1 kg/t,氰化浸出时间为72 h的条件下,金的浸出率可达81.11%。因此,推荐采用全泥氰化浸出工艺处理该矿石。     

福建某低品位金铜混合矿石综合回收利用工艺研究

福建某低品位金铜混合矿石含Au 0.36 g/t、Cu 0.29%、Ag 7.4 g/t、S 4.02%,若直接氰化,铜进入金氰化浸出系统,不但得不到回收,还会恶化选金指标,增加生产成本。针对该低品位金铜混合矿,采用浮选+氰化联合工艺进行选别。浮选作业考察了磨矿细度、石灰用量、捕收剂种类、分散剂种类对浮选指标的影响,结果表明,在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm 60%、石灰用量为1500 g/t、Z-200作捕收剂、水玻璃作分散剂时,浮选效果最佳,闭路实验获得铜精矿含Au 16.74 g/t、Cu 20.21%,金、铜回收率分别为61.90%和87.09%。将浮选尾矿进行氰化浸出,考察了氰化钠浓度和氰化时间对金浸出率的影响,结果显示,在氰化钠初始浓度300 mg/L浸出24 h,金浸出率为71.26%。全流程Au回收率达到89.05%,Cu回收率达到87.09%,最终达到综合高效回收矿石中金铜的目的,为此类资源的开发提供了技术支撑。